Community Empowerment by Dr. SBM Prasanna, Dr. K Puttaraju, Dr.MS Mahadevaswamy (books under 200 pages TXT) 📕

Stones in the region ruled by the Kadambas, points out that sati or the burning or a widow with the dead body of her husband, was largely practiced by the fighting classes. The epigraphically to the free choice in South India. It was left completely to the free choice of the window. It was more or less voluntary. During this period, widow re-marriage was not in vogue. But this was not prohibited among the lower sections of Hindu Society. The scope of Stridana ri has came to be considered, Vignanesvara wha was the chief Justice in the court of the Chalukya Vikramaditya VI advocated in the mitakshara, the widow’s right of inheritance. By the end of the 13th Century A.D. the widow’s rights had come to be recognized. One of the record states that Tippayye, wife of Tippayya, made over the land Tippayya had received towards his hare to her brother-in-law Achayya to repay had by them passed away and his share come to be inherited by his wife. Tippayye accepts not only time a set but also the liabilities of her husband. Devadasis were women servants of God. Their life was dedicated to his service in the temple. They were meant to serve god by singing and dancing in the temple. The epigraphs speak of gifts being made for the Angabhoga and Rangabhoga of the god in the temple. The Rangabhoga includes music and dancing by beautiful ladies before the ideal. Generally the dancing girls were courtesans.

Women enjoyed such freedom during this Period. Women of the royal families were entrusted with the administration in political and religious matters. The epigraphs inform us of several queens taking an active part in the administration. One famous of a women administrator is that of Akkadevei. The Hangal Kadamba queen Akkadevi was ruling the divisions kisuk du-70, Torugave-60 and the Masavadi-I40. She also participated freely in the religious matters. In a Belur record, she is described as practicing the religious observances prescribed by the rituals of Jina, Buddha,Anantha and Rudra. She supported all the faiths equally. Mailaldevi who was the queen of Jayakeshi II of the Goa Kadambas, lived a glorious life. The association with her husband in matters of administration speaks of her abilities in her epigraphs.

Conclusion:

Thus, the condition of the women in the ancient time was not better than the condition of the modern women. Only the change is women of today are awakening from their strangled clutches and fighting for their own empowerment. In the period of Kadambas only the women like Devadasis were suppressed from the side of the royal family and nobles of the day. The social, cultural and patriarchal construct of women of the Kadamba period suffered a lot by the double stranded rules of religion, administration, law and custom.

References:

Sexual politics,(1967), Kate Millet.

Karnataka State Gazetteer Vol. 1, Suryanath Kamath.

Karnataka Parampere, Vol. 1, Mysore State Government, 1970.

Banavasi, Dr. B R Gopal.

Temples of South India, K R Srinivasan.

SPORTS BETTING IN INDIA – TIME FOR A STRONG BETTING LEGISLATION SUPPORTING COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT

Praveen.M

Physical Education Director, Govt. First Grade College, Gowribidanour, Chikkaballapur Dist.

“India has a paradoxical situation. You can bet on the skill of a horse and its jockey but you cannot bet on the skills of let's say Sachin Tendulkar or Sardar Singh,"

- Mudgal at the FICCI seminar on 'Regulating Sports Betting and Sports Law.' 

ABSTRACT

Betting in sports has become a nuisance on civic society. There have been several repercussions of betting on the promotional benefits of sports. Because betting has misrepresented virtuousness of sports & the very dignity of sports is at stake . Several key players have lost their great sporting careers because of their involvement in betting. Betting has made them blatantly shameless .Spurious involvement in betting activities jeopardizes the very integrity of the game socially as well as culturally & a nation becomes prey to mass indictment & allegation. The heritage & respectability of the nation becomes questionable & the question of doubt is fingered on all its past successes & futuristic advancements. A community can be made to flourish on sporting events as it enhances the chances of its all round development. But association in betting will tarnish the very expansion of the community harmfully. This paper examines the issues connected with betting in sports & demands the need for a strong legislation to prevent betting in sports.

Keywords: Betting in sports , negative impacts, staking national pride, strong legislation , community empowerment

INTRODUCTION

Indian sports field has not been able to prove its full capacity as there several problems beings its pitiable presentations at global meets. So far India has been unable to record steeping success in sports field even though it is being considered number one in economic development. The betting in sports is a hazardous phenomenon which is harming the very integrity of the nation as well its socio cultural heritage. There have been several studies which have been highlighting the appalling impact of betting in sports.

MEANING

Sports betting is the activity of predicting  results and placing a wager on the outcome. It is generally considered to be a form of gambling .

HISTORICAL PROLOGUE

Betting in sports & betting on its outcome has harmful impact . With the advent of liberalization economic policies there have been multi dimensional sporting activities. Several new sports are being conducted across the world with much hype & fan fare. Several sporting events have surpassed all profit limits of sports & have become a safe corporate investment criterion. (Report Of The Sports Authority In India - Ministry Of Youth Affairs & Sports 2011).Over the time betting in sporting results has assumed the colors of professional gambling with corporate outlook. Betting in sports has become wide spread because

Outrageous telecasting

Broadcasting openings

Newspaper coverage

Coverage Local language newspapers .local TV channels etc

Publicity over hand phones /mobile phones/ tablets/ I-pods etc

Exposure over internet

Publicity through hoardings, flexes , banners etc

EVILS EFFECTS OF BETTING IN SPORTS

Indian sports field is suffering from several types of betting .plain betting ,on line betting , universal betting , individual betting etc. All forms of betting have negative effects on community living.

Betting in sports induces addictive behaviors in youth

Harms nation’s pride & prestige

Questions the authenticity

Question of ambiguity looms large over other such past successes

Job loss enhances It enhances family tensions

Impact on family life

Increase in domestic violence

Morbidity

Child abuse

Premature mortality

Divorce suicide

It induces drug addiction heavy drinking smoking

drinking

causes depression

NEED FOR A STRONG LEGISLATION

There is a call for stringent& strong legal permissible actions against containing betting in sports.

The rules & regulations regulating sports should be made more stricter

Justification from the national &social point should be stipulated among communities

Professional sports leagues should be brought under uniform anti betting regulation

The money earned through professional sponsorship, revenue & sales should be properly taxable

Government overview of betting practices need strict legal supervision

Children and youth should be protected from exposure to gambling advertising and gambling-related harm as a matter of urgency.

Youth should be the focus of targeted prevention programs, and consideration should be given to regulating the burgeoning advertising of gambling so that it does not deliberately target this vulnerable group.

This could include banning gambling incentives and gambling-related marketing aimed at children, young people and families, banning gambling sponsorship of junior sport, incorporating harm minimisation messages through sport, and promoting healthy sporting participation.

A range of measures should be developed to target athletes and sports people specifically

With application of primary prevention measures , early intervention measures and response level measures all sports organizations & leagues should curtail betting.

Such measures could start with the acknowledgement that the best prevention and ‘treatment’ is to keep athletes engaged in their sports, and to use the positive peer pressure and motivation of their sport involvement to pre-empt problems or to promote behaviour change as needed.

Research and development should be promoted into the potential for internet and mobile phone applications to deliver liable gambling messages, gambling treatment and self-help interventions.

Public education and treatment programs should be expanded and accessible to assist those who are problem gamblers, especially young people.

This includes promotion of responsible gambling and harm minimization messages in all forms of sport games and media.

Further research should be undertaken to understand the impact of gambling & to enable informed policy and regulation of gambling advertising.

Consumers, including athletes, sporting clubs, young people and sports fans, should be involved in the development of policies designed to reduce gambling-related harm, and in the evaluation and review of interventions to prevent and minimize gambling harm. Input from athletes and other consumers with direct experience of sport-related gambling harm would be predominantly valuable & precious . ( Finley, Peter (2008). Sports Scandals ).

DEMAND FOR LEGALIZATION OF BETTING

There have been demands from all quarters demanding betting legalization of betting. (Stephen Robson -Strategic sports development).The corporate sector is immensely putting pressure on the government to legalize betting. Cricket boards across the cricket playing countries are already demanding this.( Rowlend bowen Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development). A ban of betting might find identical finish like the ban on liquor but all stake holders in community should wake up to understand & identify the key impact the future generation would have without stringent legal actions against betting.

CONCLUSION

Thus sports betting which completely endangers the authenticity & integrity of the game should be checked through strong legal legislation. The entire community should involve in creating awareness about evil reflections of betting in sports. All stake holders should become key players in restraining the evils of sports betting. A community which wakes up to the impact of betting in sports on community welfare & development can create a strong impact on its members as well as policy makers. Socially as well as culturally & a nation can advance towards progression & consistency. The uniformity of vision towards maintaining the merits & worthiness of the sport thus calls for an awakened community. A rethinking about considering an alternative regulation system & organizational restructuring technique towards reduce all negative impacts on the community wherever possible is a need of the hour.

References

Boyd, Kier (1981). Gambling Technology Washington, DC

E-Sports And E-Gaming Laws & Regulations In India, Internet Games Laws And Regulations In India & Online Poker, Rummy, Card Games, Chess, Lotteries In India. 28

Finley, Peter (2008). Sports Scandals Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press

Mihir bose - A History of Indian Cricket, Andre-Deutsch, 1990

Report Of The Sports Authority In India - Ministry Of Youth Affairs & Sports 2013.

Report Of The Sports Authority In India - Ministry Of Youth Affairs & Sports 2012

Report Of The Sports Authority In India - Ministry Of Youth Affairs & Sports 2013.

Report Of The Sports Authority In India - Ministry Of Youth Affairs & Sports 2012

Report Of The Sports Authority In India - Ministry Of Youth Affairs & Sports 2011

Rowlend bowen Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1970

Stephen Robson -Strategic sports development , Route ledge , 2013

 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF PEASANTS IN KARNATAKA: A STUDY

ANANDA.S

Asst. Professor, Dept. of History, Government Arts College, Bangalore, Karnataka-560001

ABSTRACT

Agrarian mobilizations are a persistent phenomena of the Indian rural social system being manifested in different parts of the country over a long period of time. During the colonial rule peasants conducted a relentless struggle against feudal oppression and played a significant role in the freedom movement. The process of state control over natural resources that started with the period of colonialism must be rolled back. The change of socio-economic situation and the pressure on natural resources, new community control systems have to be established that are more highly integrated, equitable and sustainable. It can be observed that through the period of British colonialism upto present times there has been a certain continuity, particularly in the backward states of India, where the agrarian system still continue to be feudalistic and capitalistic. The major contradictions can be located within the feudalistic agrarian system, and in the latter, this is to be found as between the agrarian and the urban-industrial systems. Thus movements relating to security of the tenancy cultivation, against unfair crop share and usury, against bonded labour etc., are