Community Empowerment by Dr. SBM Prasanna, Dr. K Puttaraju, Dr.MS Mahadevaswamy (books under 200 pages TXT) 📕

Conclusion

Growth of Islamic banking depends on two important factors: domestic demand and India’s role in the globalization of the financial sector. By not introducing Islamic banking, India is losing the opportunity of gathering Capital from a large section of the Muslim population as well as from Islamic nations in the Middle East and elsewhere. It shall be in the interest of India to allow Islamic banks to operate and expand their network in the country along with traditional banks as their main focus is on social well being and wealth generation activities in the society. It is hoped that the participation in Islamic banking will lead to further infrastructure development of India.

References

Ahmad, Ausaf (1987), Development and problems of Islamic Banks, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank Jeddah.

Talha Sareshwala, “opportunity of Islamic Investment in India”.

www.infosys.com

www.islamicbanks.com

www.imf.org

www.abhinavjournal.com

www.indianresearchjournals.com

IMF working paper - Juan sole

Empowering of Rural Women Community through Dairy Development in Karnataka

Siddappaji.D* & Dr.M.G. BasavaRaja**

Research Scholar, Department of Economics and Co- operation, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore

Professor of Economics, Sir. M. Visveswaraya PG Centre, Tubinakere, Mandya, University of Mysore

Abstract

This paper focuses on empowering of rural women community is pre-dominant role in India, particularly in dairy development. Dairy development helps to develop the rural women community people. Dairy development is one of the important potential agro- based rural women community industry in the world. This paper analyzed that empowering rural women community through dairy sector in the world and in India. Majority of the rural people are engaged in various dairy related activities in the country. These rural women, besides doing hard household source, also undertake the job of cattle rearing. This paper mainly focused on women empowerment, employment generation, and dairy sector activities in the state. There is a significant change in the socio- economic condition of the rural women community after taking up dairy development.

Key Words: Milk Production, Women Empowerment, Dairy Development

Introduction

Dairy developments occupy an important place in the rural women community empowerment development, which supports the rural households by providing gainful employment and steady income of the country. The Dairy sector movement has not only improved the lives of rural people, but also empowerment of women’s, small milk producers, generate income for milk producers, reducing poverty, improving nutrition, education and rural women development, generate employment opportunities for around 13.9 million farm families and made significant contribution to the economy of the nation as well. Sixty percent of beneficiaries were small, marginal farmers, or landless producers. It strengthens the infrastructure for milk collection, transportation, processing, and packaging, pricing, and marketing of dairy products also help in reducing unwanted exploitation of milk producers. Dairy development has played major role in the upliftment of women milk producers leading to growth of dairy industry in India. In our country 1 lakh people are employed directly in dairy farms, 30,000 workers as manufactures and an estimated 70,000 workers as supporting agribusinesses and another 20,000 people are employed indirectly in dairy development. At present in our state there are around 70,000 village dairy co- operatives across have been functioning the country (www. dairy.org).

Dairy sector is one of the main important occupations for rural women community in the country. Dairy sector has played a very significant role in the procurement, processing and marketing of milk and dairy products and in representing farmers politically at both the state and national level. India’s dairying programme is widely celebrated as an example of successful in rural women community development.

Definitions of Women Empowerment

According to Rowlands (1997) “Empowerment is thus more than participation in decision making; it must also include the processes that lead people to perceive themselves as able and entitled to make decisions.”

According to Golla et al. (2011) empowerment refers to “A women is economically empowered when she has both the ability to succeed and advance economically and the power to make and act on economic decisions.”

According to Alsop, Bertelsen and Holland (2006) empowerment refers to “Empowerment is defined as a groups or individuals capacity to make effective choices, that is, to make choices and then to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes.”

Objectives of the Study

To study the Growth and Dairy Development in India

To examine the rural women community empowerment on dairy development in Karnataka

To study the socio- economic conditions of dairy development in Karnataka

Methodology of the Study

This study is mainly based on secondary sources of information. These secondary data are collected from various sources like- Published articles, journals, news papers, Karnataka economic survey, and the department of Dairying, Karnataka Milk Federation, and research articles.

Review of Literature

Rao.V.M (2003), in his study on identifies the impact of dairy co-operatives on women’s empowerment. The empowerment of women finds a boost in all 12parameters taken for the analysis; the women’s empowerment affects not only the individual life of women, but also the co-operatives to which they belong. Further, the women have been found to be more conscientious and better workers than their male counter parts. They are more responsible and are generally sensitive towards their civic duties.

Halakatti,S.V., C. M. Sajjan et.al (2007), they studied that dairy husbandry is one of the important training programmes conducted by the KVK. A sample of 150 dairy farmwomen (DFWs) comprising of 75 trained and 75 untrained farm women was selected based on random sampling procedure. Highest percentage of both trained (80%) and untrained (63%) DFWs fell in medium knowledge level category. Out of the selected eleven important dairy production practices suitable for the area, trained DFWs had less knowledge in only one practice; whereas untrained DFWs knowledge was found to be meagre in at least seven practices. Highest percentage of both trained (87%) and untrained (60%) DFWs fell in medium adoption category. Majority of the trained DFWs has adopted all the eleven important practices selected for the study, whereas only two practices were adopted by the untrained DFWs. Hence many more training programmes have to be planned in dairy husbandry. The profile of socio- economic characters and constraints encountered by the DFWs was also studied.

Ramananda (2012), in his study makes an attempt to understand the situations of women dairy co-operative societies’ membership, their economic upliftment and empowerment of Women as dairy entrepreneurs. The study mainly based on secondary as well as primary data. Women empowerment is an issue which has occupied ‘center stage’ in the developmental agenda of the nation.

Sheela and Ramegowda (2013), in their study also established that there several benefits associated with being in the cooperatives. For example cooperatives help their members to access markets and agro vet services and offer members access to learning opportunities. Furthermore the study established that dairy cooperatives and their members face several challenges. Some of these challenges include; irregular/ unreliable market, low milk prices, diseases, water shortage, poor performance of the cooperatives, lack of access to input services and lack of qualified staff. From the researcher‘s point of view, cooperatives if well managed have the potential to support their members as indicated in the findings. Indeed if cooperatives are managed well they have the potential to uplift social economic conditions of their members, because they create opportunities and link them to markets and provide financial services.

Meera nad krishnegowda(2013), in the concluded that empirical study involves 160 women from 16 women dairy cooperative societies of Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) in H.D. Kote Taluk. Comprehensive pre-tested questionnaire was used for the purpose of primary data collection along with interview guide and field observations. The study examines the changes in income, access to cash and credit, confidence in financial transactions and their aspiration for economic autonomy towards drawing inferences and suggestions for engendering and strengthening endeavors for economic empowerment of women in dairy cooperatives.

Progress of Dairy Development in India Scenario

In India dairy development has been practiced as rural women community cottage industry over the employment opportunities. Its provide employs about 8.47 million people on yearly basis out of which 71 percent are women and about 22.5 percent of the income of rural households is contributed by dairy sector in the country. Dairy sector in India plays a crucial role in the rural women community and economy that has the highest potential of generating employment and income for millions of rural families, increasing livelihood security for rural milk producers, especially, and rural women community through augmenting productivity of milk animals. Planners and policy makers have decided it as an effective instrument of social and economic change in the country. The implementation of various dairy development programmes by government of India has changed dairy sector scenario tremendously and helped the women dairy to obtain higher profits. India has the largest cattle and buffalo population in the world.

At present, India ranks first in milk production, accounting for 17 percent of world production. During 2012-13, milk production peaked at 132.43 mt, thus becoming an important secondary source of income for 70 million rural households engaged in dairying and for 70 per cent of the workforce that comprised rural women. The average year-by-year growth rate of milk about 4.04 per cent vis-à-vis the world average of 2.2 per cent shows sustained growth in availability of milk and milk products for the growing population.

A number of milk unions are increasing and creating all- Women Dairy Co- operative Societies (WDCS). During 2012, unions across 20 dairying states have reported 18,954 WDCS with a total membership of 4.26 million across the country. The total women members in dairy cooperatives, 2, 35,000 have attained leadership roles on management committees of village dairy co- operative’s societies (DCS) and 265 of these have attained representation on the Boards of Directors of milk unions and federations.

Structure of Women Dairy Co- operative Societies in India

Table- 1 : Recent Trends in Milk Production and Per Capita Availability in India (Million Tonnes)

Years

Milk Production (Million Tonnes)

Per capita Availability (gms/day)

2000- 01

80.6

220

2001-02

84.4

225

2002-03

86.2

230

2003-04

88.1

231

2004-05

92.5

233

2005-06

97.1

241

2006-07

102.6

251

2007-08

107.9

260

2008-09

112.2

266

2009-10

116.4

273

2010-11

121.8

281

2011-12

127.9

290

2012-13

132.4

296.5

Source: Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI

Above cited table 1 is givens information about recent trends in milk production and per capita availability in India from 2000- 01 to 2012- 13. In the overall period both are increasing in the milk production. During 2000-01 was milk production and per capita availability is about 80.6 million tones and 220 gms per day respectively. During 2010-11 was milk production is 121.8 million tonnes and per capita available about 281 gms per day. In this year both are rapidly grown period. In the recent year during 2012-13 milk production is about 132.4 million tonnes and per capita available about 296.5 gms per day. Totally this table explains the level of milk production in recent trends.

Table- 2 : Growth of Involving Farmers and Village Level Co- Operative Societies in India (Million Tonnes)

Years

Involving farmers in Dairy Sector (Million Tonnes)

Village level Co- operative Societies

2006-07

12

1,15,635

2007-08

13

1,28,800

2008-09

13.05

1,31,534

2009-10

13.90

1,33,349

2010-11

14.08

1,35,439

2011-12

14.78

1,48,965

2012-13

15.1

1,55,634

Source: Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI

In this table- 2 examine that growth of involving farmers and village level co-operative societies in India. In the overall table shows that between 2006-07 and 2012-13 growth rate. During 2006-07 about 12 million tonnes is involving farmers in dairy sector and 1, 15,635 is village level co-operative societies. After this year’s slowly growing in growth rate. In the recent years during 2012-13 is 15.1 million tonnes is involving farmers in dairy sector and 1, 55,634 is village level co-operative societies. These are all growing in dairy sector for Indian economic development.

Empowerment of Rural Women Community in Dairy Development

In India mainly milk cattle tended by rural women. Dairy co- operatives realized and build women employment activities