War and Peace by graf Leo Tolstoy (latest ebook reader .TXT) π
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- Author: graf Leo Tolstoy
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βMount!β he commanded in a whisper. The men took their places and crossed themselves.... βForward, with Godβs aid!β
βHurrah-ah-ah!β reverberated in the forest, and the Cossack companies, trailing their lances and advancing one after another as if poured out of a sack, dashed gaily across the brook toward the camp.
One desperate, frightened yell from the first French soldier who saw the Cossacks, and all who were in the camp, undressed and only just waking up, ran off in all directions, abandoning cannons, muskets, and horses.
Had the Cossacks pursued the French, without heeding what was behind and around them, they would have captured Murat and everything there. That was what the officers desired. But it was impossible to make the Cossacks budge when once they had got booty and prisoners. None of them listened to orders. Fifteen hundred prisoners and thirty-eight guns were taken on the spot, besides standards and (what seemed most important to the Cossacks) horses, saddles, horsecloths, and the like. All this had to be dealt with, the prisoners and guns secured, the booty dividedβnot without some shouting and even a little fighting among themselvesβand it was on this that the Cossacks all busied themselves.
The French, not being farther pursued, began to recover themselves: they formed into detachments and began firing. OrlΓ³v-DenΓsov, still waiting for the other columns to arrive, advanced no further.
Meantime, according to the dispositions which said that βthe First Column will marchβ and so on, the infantry of the belated columns, commanded by Bennigsen and directed by Toll, had started in due order and, as always happens, had got somewhere, but not to their appointed places. As always happens the men, starting cheerfully, began to halt; murmurs were heard, there was a sense of confusion, and finally a backward movement. Adjutants and generals galloped about, shouted, grew angry, quarreled, said they had come quite wrong and were late, gave vent to a little abuse, and at last gave it all up and went forward, simply to get somewhere. βWe shall get somewhere or other!β And they did indeed get somewhere, though not to their right places; a few eventually even got to their right place, but too late to be of any use and only in time to be fired at. Toll, who in this battle played the part of Weyrother at Austerlitz, galloped assiduously from place to place, finding everything upside down everywhere. Thus he stumbled on BagovΓΊtβs corps in a wood when it was already broad daylight, though the corps should long before have joined OrlΓ³v-DenΓsov. Excited and vexed by the failure and supposing that someone must be responsible for it, Toll galloped up to the commander of the corps and began upbraiding him severely, saying that he ought to be shot. General BagovΓΊt, a fighting old soldier of placid temperament, being also upset by all the delay, confusion, and cross-purposes, fell into a rage to everybodyβs surprise and quite contrary to his usual character and said disagreeable things to Toll.
βI prefer not to take lessons from anyone, but I can die with my men as well as anybody,β he said, and advanced with a single division.
Coming out onto a field under the enemyβs fire, this brave general went straight ahead, leading his men under fire, without considering in his agitation whether going into action now, with a single division, would be of any use or no. Danger, cannon balls, and bullets were just what he needed in his angry mood. One of the first bullets killed him, and other bullets killed many of his men. And his division remained under fire for some time quite uselessly.
Meanwhile another column was to have attacked the French from the front, but KutΓΊzov accompanied that column. He well knew that nothing but confusion would come of this battle undertaken against his will, and as far as was in his power held the troops back. He did not advance.
He rode silently on his small gray horse, indolently answering suggestions that they should attack.
βThe word attack is always on your tongue, but you donβt see that we are unable to execute complicated maneuvers,β said he to MilorΓ‘dovich who asked permission to advance.
βWe couldnβt take Murat prisoner this morning or get to the place in time, and nothing can be done now!β he replied to someone else.
When KutΓΊzov was informed that at the French rearβwhere according to the reports of the Cossacks there had previously been nobodyβthere were now two battalions of Poles, he gave a sidelong glance at ErmΓ³lov who was behind him and to whom he had not spoken since the previous day.
βYou see! They are asking to attack and making plans of all kinds, but as soon as one gets to business nothing is ready, and the enemy, forewarned, takes measures accordingly.β
ErmΓ³lov screwed up his eyes and smiled faintly on hearing these words. He understood that for him the storm had blown over, and that KutΓΊzov would content himself with that hint.
βHeβs having a little fun at my expense,β said ErmΓ³lov softly, nudging with his knee RaΓ©vski who was at his side.
Soon after this, ErmΓ³lov moved up to KutΓΊzov and respectfully remarked:
βIt is not too late yet, your Highnessβthe enemy has not gone awayβif you were to order an attack! If not, the Guards will not so much as see a little smoke.β
KutΓΊzov did not reply, but when they reported to him that Muratβs troops were in retreat he ordered an advance, though at every hundred paces he halted for three quarters of an hour.
The whole battle consisted in what OrlΓ³v-DenΓsovβs Cossacks had done: the rest of the army merely lost some hundreds of men uselessly.
In consequence of this battle KutΓΊzov received a diamond decoration, and Bennigsen some diamonds and a hundred thousand rubles, others also received pleasant recognitions corresponding to their various grades, and following the battle fresh changes were made in the staff.
βThatβs how everything is done with us, all topsy-turvy!β said the Russian officers and generals after the TarΓΊtino battle, letting it be understood that some fool there is doing things all wrong but that we ourselves should not have done so, just as people speak today. But people who talk like that either do not know what they are talking about or deliberately deceive themselves. No battleβTarΓΊtino, BorodinΓ³, or Austerlitzβtakes place as those who planned it anticipated. That is an essential condition.
A countless number of free forces (for nowhere is man freer than during a battle, where it is a question of life and death) influence the course taken by the fight, and that course never can be known in advance and never coincides with the direction of any one force.
If many simultaneously and variously directed forces act on a given body, the direction of its motion cannot coincide with any one of those forces, but will always be a meanβwhat in mechanics is represented by the diagonal of a parallelogram of forces.
If in the descriptions given by historians, especially French ones, we find their wars and battles carried out in accordance with previously formed plans, the only conclusion to be drawn is that those descriptions are false.
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