MAURO'S Map.
A Ship of Albuquerque's Fleet
From a very fine Woodcut in the British Museum.
A Ship of Java and the China Seas in the 16th century
From LINSCHOTEN'S
Navigatio ac Itinerarium, 1598.
One of the first Maps of the Pacific
From DIEGO RIBERO'S Map, 1529.
Magellan's Fleet
From MERCATOR'S
Mappe Monde, 1569.
A Ship of the 16th century
From AMORETTI'S translation of
Magellan's Voyage round the World.
"Hondius his Map of the Magellan Streight"
From a Map by JODOCUS HONDIUS, about 1590.
The first Ship that sailed round the World
Magellan's
Victoria, from HULSIUS'S
Collection of Voyages, 1602.
Hernando Cortes, Conqueror of Mexico
After the original Portrait at Mexico.
The Battles of the Spaniards in Mexico
From an ancient Aztec Drawing.
Pizarro
From the Portrait at Cuzco.
Peru and South America
From the Map of the World, 1544, usually ascribed to SEBASTIAN CABOT.
Peruvian Warriors of the Inca Period
From an ancient Peruvian Painting.
Part of North America, showing Sebastian Cabot's Voyage to Newfoundland
From the Map of 1544, usually ascribed to CABOT.
Jacques Cartier
From an old Pen-drawing at the Bibliothรจque Nationale, Paris.
Canada and the River St. Lawrence, showing Quebec
From LESCARBOT'S
Histoire de la Nouvelle France, 1609.
New France, showing Newfoundland, Labrador, and the St. Lawrence
From JOCOMO DI GASTALDI'S Map, about 1550.
Ivan Vasiliwich, King of Muscovie
From an old Woodcut.
Anthony Jenkinson's Map of Russia, Muscovy, and Tartary
Published in 1562.
Greenlanders as seen by Martin Frobisher
From Captain BESTE'S Account of Frobisher's
Voyages, 1578.
Sir Francis Drake
From HOLLAND'S
Heroologia, 1620.
The Silver Map of the World
From Medallion in British Museum.
The Silver Map of the World
From Medallion in British Museum.
The
Golden Hind at New Albion
From the Chart of Drake's
Voyages.
The
Golden Hind at Java
From the Chart of Drake's
Voyages.
An Eskimo
From a Water-colour Drawing by JOHN WHITE, about 1585.
A Ship of the late 16th century
From Ortelius, 1598.
Nova Zembla and the Arctic Regions
From a Map in DE BRY'S
Grands Voyages, 1598.
Barents in the Arcticโ"Hut wherein we wintered"
From DE VEER'S Account of the
Voyages of Barents, 1598.
Hudson's Map of his Voyages in the Arctic
From his Book published in 1612.
A Ship of Hudson's Fleet
From his
Voyages, 1612.
Baffin's Map of his Voyages to the North
From original MS., drawn by BAFFIN, in the British Museum.
Sir Walter Raleigh
Raleigh's Map of Guinea, El Dorado, and the Orinoco Coast
From the original Map, drawn by RALEIGH, in British Museum.
The first Settlement at Quebec
From CHAMPLAIN'S
Voyages, 1613.
The Defeat of the Iroquois by Champlain
From a Drawing in CHAMPLAIN'S
Voyages, 1613.
An early Map of "Terra Australis" called "Java la Grande"
From the "Dauphin" Map of 1546.
The Wreck of Captain Pelsart's Ship, the
Batavia, on the Coast of New Holland
From the Dutch account of PELSART'S
Voyages, 1647.
Van Diemen's Land and two of Tasman's Ships
From the Map drawn by TASMAN in his "Journal."
Dampier's Ship, the
Cygnet
From a Drawing in the Dutch edition of his
Voyage Round the World, 1698.
Dampier's Strait and the Island of New Britain
From a Map in DAMPIER'S
Voyages, 1697.
Chart of Behring's Voyage from Kamtchatka to North America
From a Chart drawn in 1741 by Lieut. WAXELL.
The Island of Otaheite, or St. George
From a Painting by WILLIAM HODGES.
A Maori Fort on the Coast between Poverty Bay and Cape Turnagain
From an Engraving in the Atlas to COOK'S first
Voyage.
Captain Cook's Vessel beached at the Entrance of Endeavour River
From an Engraving in the Atlas to COOK'S first
Voyage.
Captain James Cook
From the Painting by DANCE in the Gallery of Greenwich Hospital.
Port Jackson and Sydney Cove
From the Atlas to the
Voyage de l'Astrolabe.
A Nile Boat, or Canja
From BRUCE'S
Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile.
An Arab Sheikh
From BRUCE'S
Travels.
The Camp of Ali, the Mohammedan Chief, at Benown
From a Sketch by MUNGO PARK.
Kamalia, a Native Village near the Southern Course of the Niger
From a Sketch by MUNGO PARK.
A Native Woman washing Gold in Senegal
From a Sketch by MUNGO PARK, made on his last expedition.
Vancouver's Ship, the
Discovery, on the Rocks in Queen Charlotte's Sound
From a Drawing in VANCOUVER'S
Voyage, 1798.
Parry's Ships, the
Hecla and
Griper, in Winter Harbour
From a Drawing in PARRY'S
Voyage for the North-West Passage, 1821.
The North Shore of Lancaster Sound
From a Drawing in PARRY'S
Voyage for the North-West Passage, 1821.
A Winter View of Fort Enterprise
From a Drawing, by WILLIAM BACK, in Franklin's
Journey to the Polar Sea, 1823.
Franklin's Expedition to the Polar Sea on the Ice
From a Drawing, by WILLIAM BACK, in Franklin's
Journey to the Polar Sea, 1823.
An Eskimo watching a Seal Hole
From a Drawing in PARRY'S
Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1824.
Fort Franklin, on the Great Bear Lake, in the Winter
From a Drawing in FRANKLIN'S
Second Expedition to the Polar Sea, 1828.
Franklin's Expedition crossing Back's Inlet
From a Drawing, by Lieut. BACK, in Franklin's
Second Expedition to the Polar Sea, 1828.
The Boats of Parry's Expedition hauled up on the Ice for the Night
From a Drawing in PARRY'S
Attempt to Reach the North Pole, 1828.
Major Denham and his Party received by the Sheikh of Bornu
From a Drawing by Major DENHAM.
The first European Picture of Timbuktu
From a Drawing in CAILLร'S
Tomboctou, 1829.
Richard and John Lander paddling down the Niger
From a Drawing in the account of LANDER'S
Travels, 1835.
The Rosses on their Journey to the North Magnetic Pole
From a Drawing in ROSS'S
Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1835.
"Somerset House," Ross's Winter Quarters on Fury Beach
From a Drawing in ROSS'S
Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1835.
Matthew Flinders
Cape Catastrophe
From FLINDERS'
Voyages.
The Huts of the Crew of the
Porpoise on the Sandbank, Wreck Reef
From FLINDERS'
Voyages.
Captain Sturt at the Junction of the Rivers Darling and Murray
From the
Narrative of Sturt's Expedition.
The Burke and Wills Expedition leaving Melbourne, 1860
From a Drawing by WILLIAM STRUTT, an acquaintance of Burke.
Burke and Wills at Cooper's Creek
From a Woodcut in a contemporary Australian account of the expedition.
Part of the Great Southern Ice Barrier
From ROSS'S
Voyage in the Antarctic Regions.
Eskimos at Cape York watching the approach of the
Fox
From McCLINTOCK'S
Voyage in Search of Franklin.
The Three Graves on Beechey Island
From McCLINTOCK'S
Voyage in Search of Franklin.
Exploring Parties starting from the
Fox
From McCLINTOCK'S
Voyage in Search of Franklin.
Livingstone, with his Wife and Family, at the Discovery of Lake Ngami
From LIVINGSTONE'S
Missionary Travels.
The "Smoke" of the Zambesi (Victoria) Falls
After a Drawing in LIVINGSTONE'S
Missionary Travels.
Burton in a Dug-out on Lake Tanganyika
After a Drawing by BURTON.
Burton and his Companions on the march to Victoria Nyanza
From a Humorous Sketch by BURTON.
The
Ma-Robert on the Zambesi
After a Drawing in LIVINGSTONE'S
Expedition to the Zambesi.
M'tesa, King of Uganda
From SPEKE'S
Journey to Discover the Source of the Nile.
The Ripon Falls on the Victoria Nyanza
From SPEKE'S
Journey to Discover the Source of the Nile.
Captains Speke and Grant
Baker and his Wife crossing the Nubian Desert
From BAKER'S
Travels.
Baker's Boat in a Storm on Lake Albert Nyanza
From BAKER'S
Albert Nyanza.
The Discovery of Lake Bangweolo, 1868
From LIVINGSTONE'S
Last Journals, by permission of Mr. John Murray.
Livingstone at Work on his Journal
From a Sketch by H. M. STANLEY.
Livingstone entering the Hut at Ilala on the Night that he Died
From LIVINGSTONE'S
Last Journals, by permission of Mr. John Murray.
The last Entries in Livingstone's Diary
Susi, Livingstone's Servant
From a Sketch by H. M. STANLEY.
Stanley and his Men marching through Unyoro
From a Sketch, by STANLEY, in
Through the Dark Continent.
"Towards the Unknown": Stanley's Canoes starting from Vinya Njara
From
Through the Dark Continent.
The Seventh CataractโStanley Falls
From
Through the Dark Continent.
The Fight below the Confluence of the Aruwimi and Livingstone Rivers
From a Sketch, by STANLEY, in
Through the Dark Continent.
Nordenskiรถld's Ship, the
Vega, saluting Cape Chelyuskin
From a Drawing in HOVGAARD'S
Nordenskiรถld's Voyage.
Menka, Chief of the Chukches
The
Vega frozen in for the Winter
From a Drawing in HOVGAARD'S
Nordenskiรถld's Voyage.
The Potala at Lhasa
From KIRCHER'S
China Illustrata.
Dr. Nansen
After a Photograph.
The Ship that went Farthest North: the
Fram
From a Photograph.
A BOOK OF DISCOVERY
CHAPTER I
A LITTLE OLD WORLD
No story is complete unless it begins at the very beginning. But where is the beginning? Where is the dawn of geographyโthe knowledge of our earth? What was it like before the first explorers made their way into distant lands? Every day that passes we are gaining fresh knowledge of the dim and silent past.
Every day men are patiently digging in the old heaps that were once the sites of busy cities, and, as a result of their unwearying toil, they are revealing to us the life-stories of those who dwelt therein; they are disclosing secrets writ on weather-worn stones and tablets, bricks and cylinders, never before even guessed at.
Thus we read the wondrous story of ancient days, and breathlessly wonder what marvellous discovery will thrill us next.
For the earliest account of the old worldโa world made up apparently of a little land and a little waterโwe turn to an old papyrus, the oldest in existence, which tells us in familiar words, unsurpassed for their exquisite poetry and wondrous simplicity, of that great dateless time so full of mystery and awe.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was waste and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep: and the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.... And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God ... divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament.... And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear.... And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas."
Thus beautifully did the children of men express their earliest idea of the world's distribution of land and water.
THE GARDEN OF EDEN WITH ITS FOUR RIVERS
THE GARDEN OF EDEN WITH ITS FOUR RIVERS.
From the Hereford Map of the World.
And where, on our modern maps, was this little earth, and what was it like? Did trees and
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