Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches - Volume 4 by Thomas Badington Macaulay (e ink ebook reader txt) 📕

that event. Difficulties of the Constitution of 1791. The war with the continental coalition. Effect of the League of Pilnitz on the position of the King. Formation and meeting of the Convention. The two great parties of the Convention-the Girondists and the Mountain. Death of the King. Policy of the Jacobins. The new crime of federalism. Defection of Dumourier and appointment of the Committee of Public Safety. Irruption of the mob into the palace of the Tuileries. Destruction of the Girondists. Establishment of the Reign of Terror. Condition of France during the reign of Louis XIV. And during that of Louis XV. Fenelon's principles of good government. His views incomprehensible to his countrymen. Loss to France on the death of the Duke of Burgundy. The Regency of Philip of Orleans. The Duke of Bourbon. Downward course of the monarchy, and indications of the forthcoming revolution. The Greek and Roman models of the French legislators. Victories of France in 1794. The memorable ninth of Thermidor. Execution of Robespierre and his accomplices. End of the Jacobin dominion in France. Condition of the nation at this period. Formation of the Constitution of 1795. Bonaparte's return from Egypt and assumption of absolute power. Political spies in France. Defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo. The Chamber of Representatives. The Royalist Chamber under the Bourbons. Review of the policy of the Jacobins. War declared by England against.

French Academy, its services to literature.

Froissart, character of his history.

Garrick, David, relation between him and his old master Johnson. A member of the Literary Club.

Garth, Dr, insults Bentley and extols Boyle.

Gates of Somnauth, the Speech on.

Gaudet, the Girondist, his execution.

Gensonne, the Girondist leader. His trial. His death.

Geologist, Bishop Watson's description of a.

George III., his treatment of his ministers.

Georgics, Political.

Germaine, Lord George.

Gibbon, Edward, charges brought against him as a historian. His part in The Club.

Girondists, or Brissotines, Barere's account of the proceedings against the. Sketch of the political party so called. Its struggles with the Mountain. Accusation brought against the leaders of the party. Defeated by the Mountain. Impeached by their late colleague Barere. Their trial. Their fate.

Goldsmith, Oliver, his birth and early life. His first schoolmaster. His personal appearance. His college life. Death of his father. His attempts at the church, law, and physic. His rambles on foot through Flanders, France, and Switzerland. His disregard of truth. His return to England, and desperate expedients to obtain a living. His literary drudgery. Character of his works. Introduced to Johnson. One of the original members of The Club. Removes from Breakneck Steps to the Temple. Story of the publication of the Vicar of Wakefield. His Traveller. His Dramas. His Deserted Village. His She Stoops to Conquer. His Histories. His arts of selection and condensation. His intimacy with the great talkers of the day. His conversational powers. How regarded by his associates. His virtues and vices. His death. His cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. His biographers. His part in The Club.

Gomer Chephoraod, King of Babylon, apologue of.

Goodnatured Man, the, of Oliver Goldsmith.

Government of India, Speech on.

Government, proper conditions of a good. Review of Mr Mill's Essays on, etc. His chapter on the ends of government. And on the means. His view of a pure and direct democracy. Of an oligarchy. And of a monarchy. Deduction of a theory of politics in the mathematical form. Government according to Mr Mill only necessary to prevent men from plundering each other. His argument that no combination of the three simple forms of government can exist. His remarks on the British constitution. His hope for mankind in the government of a representative body. The real security of men against bad government. Mr Mill's views as to the qualifications of voters for representatives. The desire of the poor majority to plunder the rich minority. Effects which a general spoliation of the rich would produce. Method of arriving at a just conclusion on the subject of the science of government. Mr Bentham's defence of Mr Mill's Essays. Deduction of the theory of government from the principles of human nature. Remarks on the Utilitarian theory of government. Mode of tracking the latent principle of good government. Checks in political institutions. Power. Constitution of the English government.

Greece, review of Mr Mitford's History of. Gross ignorance of the modern historians of Greece. The imaginative and critical schools of poetry in.

Greeks, domestic habits of the. Change in their temper at the close of the Peloponnesian war. Character of their fashionable logic. Causes of the exclusive spirit of the Greeks.

Hall, Robert, his eloquence.

Hamlet, causes of its power and influence.

Happiness, principle of the greatest, of the greatest number examined. The most elevated station the principle is ever likely to attain. The Westminster Reviewer's defence of the "greatest happiness principle."

Hayley, his translation of the Divine Comedy of Dante.

Heat, Lord Bacon's mode of tracking the principle of.

Hebert, the Jacobin, his vile character. Accuses the Girondists before the Revolutionary Tribunal.

Hebrides, Johnson's visit to the.

Herodotus, character of his history. His faults. Character of the people for whom the book was composed. His history compared with that of Thucydides. Herodotus regarded as a delineator of character.

Heron, Robert, his drama of News from Camperdown.

Hervey, Henry, his kindness to Samuel Johnson.

History, Mr Mitford's views of. The true domain of history. Qualifications necessary for writing. The history of Herodotus. That of Thucydides. Johnson's remarks on history. Xenophon's history. Polybius and Arrian. Character of the historians of the Plutarch class. English classical associations and names compared with those of the ancients. Spirit excited in England and in France by the writers of the Plutarch class. Livy. Caesar. Sallust. Tacitus. Merits and defects of modern historians. Froissart, Machiavelli, and Guicciardine. Effect of the invention of printing. Causes of the exclusiveness of the Greeks and Romans. Effect of the victory of Christianity over paganism. Establishment of the balance of moral and intellectual influence in Europe. The species of misrepresentation which abounds most in modern historians. Hume, Gibbon, and Mitford. Neglect of the art of narration. Effect of historical reading compared to that produced by foreign travel. Character of the perfect historian. Instruction derived from the productions of such a writer.

Hoche, General, refuses to obey the cruel decree of the Convention.

Holy War, Bunyan's.

Homer, intense desire to know something of him. Quintillian's criticisms on. His inappropriate epithets. His description of Hector at the Grecian wall.

Hoole, the metaphysical tailor, his friendship with Samuel Johnson.

Horace, his comparison of poems to certain paintings.

Hume, David, charges brought against him as a historian.

Hyder Aly, his successes.

Idler, Johnston's publication of the.

Imagination and judgment. Power of the imagination in a barbarous age.

Inaugural Speech at Glasgow College.

India Bill, Fox's.

Inferno, Dante's, character of the.

Ireland, William Pitt the first English minister who formed great designs for the benefit of Ireland.

Isocrates, his defence of oligarchy and tyranny.

Italian language, Dante's first work on the.

Italian Writers, Criticisms on the Principal. Dante. Petrarch.

Italy, revolution of the poetry of. Monti's imitation of the style of Dante.

Jacobins of Paris, policy of the. Excesses of the. Materials of which the party was composed. Their cruelties in Paris and in the provinces. Review of the policy of the Jacobins.

Jacobite, Epitaph on a.

Jacobites, revival of their spirits in 1721. Plan for a Jacobite insurrection.

Jenyns, Soame, Dr Johnson's review of his Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil.

Jewish Disabilities, Speech on.

Jews, the sacred books of the, unknown to the Romans.

Johnson, Dr Samuel, his contemptuous derision of the civilisation of the Athenians. His remark on history and historians. Oliver Goldsmith introduced to. Story of the publication of the Vicar of Wakefield. Johnson's birth and early life. His father. Goes to Oxford. His attainments at this time. His struggles with poverty. Becomes an incurable hypochondriac. His literary drudgery. His marriage. His school near Lichfield. Sets out for London. Effect of his privations on his temper and deportment. Engaged on the "Gentleman's Magazine." His political opinions. His Jacobite views. His poem of London. His associates. His life of Richard Savage. His dictionary. His treatment by Lord Chesterfield. His Vanity of Human Wishes compared with the Satire of Juvenal. Relation between him and his pupil David Garrick. Irene brought out. Publication and reception of the Rambler. Death of Mrs Johnson. Publication of the Dictionary. His review of Soame Jenyn's Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil. His Idler. Death of his mother. Circumstances under which Rasselas was published. His hatred of the Whigs. Accepts a pension of three hundred a year. His belief in ghosts. Publication of his edition of Shakespeare's works. Honours conferred upon him. His colloquial talents. His predominance in The Club. His biographer, James Boswell. The inmates of his house near Fleet Street. His visit to the Hebrides. His prejudice against the Scotch. His exposure of Macpherson's forgery of Fingal. His Taxation no Tyranny. His lives of the Poets. His declining years. His death.

Johnson, Michael of Lichfield.

Jones, Sir William, his part in the Literary Club.

Judgment and imagination.

Julian, the Emperor, his partiality for the Greek language.

Jurisprudence, Mr Bentham's reduction of, to a science.

Juryman, the stipend of an Athenian.

Just, Saint, expatiates on the guilt of Vergniaud and Petion. Becomes a member of the Committee of Public Safety. His doom. His execution.

Juvenal compared with Dryden. His satire compared with that of Samuel Johnson.

King, the, in the Athenian democracy.

Kleber, General, refuses to obey the cruel decree of the Convention.

Lacedaemon, causes of the silent but rapid downfall of. The development of merit prevented by the laws of. Her foreign policy and domestic institutions. Her government compared with that of Athens. Her helots.

Langton, Bennet, a member of the Literary Club.

Latin works of Petrarch, the.

Lebon, the Jacobin, his crimes defended by Barere. Placed under arrest.

Levett, Robert, the quack doctor.

Liberty, how regarded by the later ancient writers. How regarded by historians of the Plutarch class. Peculiar and essentially English character of English liberty. Political, views with which it was regarded by the French legislators of the Revolution.

Lies, various kinds of.

Lincoln Cathedral, story of the painted window of.

Literary Magazine, Johnson's contributions to the.

Literature, on the Royal Society of.

Literature, ancient, proper examination of. State of literature as a calling, in the last century.

Literature of Britain, the, Speech on.

Livy, his faults and merits as a historian.

London, blessing of the great fire of. Riots in, in 1780.

Longinus, criticism on his work on the "Sublime."

Louis XIV., his bitter lamentations of his former extravagances. His character as a king.

Louis XV., condition of France when he came to the throne.

Louis XVI., his character. His position in 1792. His death.

Louis XVIII., leniency of his government at the Restoration.

Love, honourable and chivalrous, unknown to the Greeks. The passion as delineated in the Roman poets. What is implied in the modern sense of the word love. Change undergone in the nature of the passion of love in the middle ages.

Lycurgus, his mistaken principles of legislation. His system of domestic slavery.

Lyons, cruelties of the Jacobins at. Barere's proposal to utterly annihilate it.

Lysander, depressed by the constitution of Lycyrgus.

Macflecnoe, of Dryden, character of the.

Machiavelli, character of his history.

Macpherson, his forgery of Fingal. Threatens Dr Johnson.

Malkin,