Effects of Radio-chemotherapy in Cancer Patients by Muhammad Younis, Sana Shaikh (ereader with android .txt) 📕

value is 0.97 and the p-value of lymphocytes is 0.4. This shows that the lymphocyte is low in cancer patients.

 Natural killer cell activity is significantly reduced in patients with cancers of head and neck, gastric, lung, and breast as compared with healthy individuals. [77]

 The mean value of eosinophil for normal and cancer patients is 1.07+0.6 and 2.7+0.7, and t-test value is 10.35 and the p-value of eosinophils was 0.001.It shows a significant difference in their levels.

The mean value of monocytes for normal and cancer patients is 1.7+0.8  and 2.9+0.7,and the t-test value is 6.75 and the p-value of monocytes is 0.001.It indicates a significant difference in their levels.

And the mean value of basophils for normal and in cancer patients is normal value and 1.47+0.5,and the t-value is 16.37 and the p-value of basophils is 0.001. This indicates the significant difference between normal and cancer patients. Some cancer treatments, especially chemotherapy, may cause a decrease in your body’s WBCs. Cancers that affect the blood and bone marrow, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma, can cause a decrease in the WBC count. [78]

                                   

                  Table: 3.4 Statistical Comparison   Of Anthropometric Measurement In Control & cancer Patients.

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Control Samples (n=40)

Cancer Patient Samples (n=40)

Mean+SD

Range

Mean+SD

Range

Age (years)

33.3+5.8

25-50

40.3+7.9

25-50

Height (cm)

159.05+7.05

150-170

155.9+7.2

142-172

Weight (kg)

58.8+6.7

45-70

56.07+11.9

40-100

 

Table-3.4, shows the mean values, t-values and p-values of Age, Height and Weight of normal persons and cancer patients. Mean value of age for normal and cancer patients was 33.3+5.8 and 40.3+7.9, and mean value of height for normal and cancer patients was 159.0+7.0 and 155.9+7.2.This shows that cancer patients has low height  then normal. While mean value of weight for normal and cancer patients was 58.8+6.7 and 56.0+11.9.It also indicates that the cancer patient has low weight then normal.                                                                                                                                                                              

Table: 3.5

Statistical Comparison Of Physiological Measurement In Control & cancer Patients.

Parameters:

 

 

 

Control Samples (n=40)

Cancer Patient Samples (n=40)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

Systolic Blood Pressure.(mmHg)

120.9+8.5

122.3+6.0

0.8

0.4

Diastolic Blood Pressure.(mmHg)

76.5+5.5

82.5+5.3

4.8

0.001

Pulse Rate.(/min)

78.7+6.9

73.5+2.8

0.2

0.8

                            

Table-3.5 shows the mean values, t-values, and p-values of Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure and Pulse rate of normal persons and cancer patients. The mean value of systolic blood pressure of normal persons and cancer patients was 120.9+8.5 and 122.3+6.09. And the t-test value is 0.8 and the p-value of systolic blood pressure is 0.4, this indicates that the systolic pressure is high in the cancer patients.

The mean value of diastolic blood pressure for normal and cancer patients was 76.5+5.5 and 82.5+5.3. And t-test value is 4.8 and the p-value of diastolic pressure is 0.001.which indicates that cancer patients have a significant difference in their levels.

While the mean value of pulse rate for normal persons and cancer patients was 78.7+6.9 and 73.5+2.8.and t-test value and p-value of pulse rate was 0.2 and 0.8.                                                        

Table: 3.6                          Statistical Comparison of  Platelet Count In Control & cancer Patients.

      

Parameters:

 

 

 

Control Samples (n=40)

Cancer Patient Samples (n=40)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

Platelet Count (cmm)

231487.5+100712.9

121249.7+17325.6

0.00000052

0.9

 

Table 3.6, shows the mean value; t-value and p-value of platelets for normal persons and cancer patients were 231487.5+100712.9 and 31705+145624.823. The t-value and p-value of platelets was 0.000004487 and 0.9.This indicates that mean value of platelets was lower in cancer patients as compared to normal persons.

 Some cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may cause a decrease in platelets, which may result in a condition called thrombocytopenia. Cancers that involve the bone marrow directly, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma, can also cause a decrease in the production of platelets. [76]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table: 3.7

Statistical Comparison Of  RBC’s & Hb In Control & cancer Patients.

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Female Control Samples (n=24)

Female cancer                        Patient Samples (n=28)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

RBC’s (million/cmm)

4.5+0.4

4.5+1.09

0.2

0.8

Hb (g/dl)

12.0+0.8

11.3+1.7

0.54

0.6

                            

Table-3.7, shows the mean value, t-values, and p-values of RBCs and Hb for female control samples and female patient samples. Mean value of RBCs for female control samples and female patients samples was 2.2+0.49 and 4.5+1.09, and the t-test value and p-value of RBC’s is 9.2 and 0.001 respectively, which indicates that the RBC’s is low in cancer patients.

The mean value of Hb for female control samples and female patients samples is 12.03+0.8 and 11.3+1.7. While t-value and p-value of Hb was 0.54 and 0.6.This also shows that Hb is slightly low in cancer patients.                                                                                                                                                                                                             

 

 

 

 

Table: 3.8

Statistical Comparison Of  Absolute Indices In Control & cancer Patients.

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Female Control Samples (n=24)

Female cancer Patients Samples (n=28)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

MCV (fl)

80.5+6.4

72.9+6.19

0.2

0.8

MCH (pg)

28.6+3.8

25.3+3.1

3.39

0.001

MCHC (g/dl)

35.2+2.3

32.6+0.8

0.31

0.7

                            

Table-3.8, shows the mean values, t-values, and p-values of MCV, MCH and MCHC for female control samples and female patient samples. Mean value of MCV for female control samples and female patient samples is 80.525+6.435 and 72.9+6.19, and the t-value and p-value of MCV was 0.66 and o.5 respectively, which indicates that MCV is low in cancer patients.

The mean value of MCH for female control sample and female patient samples was 28.625+3.843 and 25.3214+3.193., and the t-value and p-value of MCH was 3.39 and 0.001.It is also low in cancer patients.

While mean value of MCHC for female control samples and female patient samples was 35.2+2.3 and 32.6+0.8.While t-value and p-value of MCHC were 0.31 and 0.7.This shows that MCHC is also low in cancer patients.                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

 

Table: 3.9

Statistical Comparison Of  WBC’s In Control & cancer Patients. (Female)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Female Control Samples (n=24)

Female cancer Patients Samples (n=28)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

TLC (cmm)

9608.3+3925.6

8328.5+3762.1

1.17

0.3

Neutrophils (%)

69.7+12.7

50.9+28.3

0.34

0.7

Lymphocytes (%)

27.5+12.4

21.9+13.7

0.01

0.9

Eosinophils (%)

1.08 +0.6

2.8+0.7

8.4

0.001

Monocytes (%)

1.6 +0.9

2.9+0.6

5.7

0.001

Basophils (%)

00+00

1.4+0.5

13.1

0.001

                                 

Table-3.9 shows the mean values, t-values, and p-values of TLC, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Basophils for female control samples and female patients samples. Mean value of TLC for female control samples and female patient samples was 9608.3+3925.6 and 8328.5+3762.1, the t-test value and p-value of TLC was 1.17 and 0.3.This shows that TLC is lower in cancer patients than normal.

The mean value of neutrophils for female control samples and female patient samples is 69.7+12.7 and 50.9+28.3, and t-test value and p-value of neutrophils was 0.34 and 0.7.This is also low in cancer patients.

The mean value of lymphocytes for female control samples and female patient samples is 27.5+12.4and 21.9+13.7, t-test value and p-value of lymphocytes is 0.01 and 0.9.which indicates that lymphocytes are also low in cancer patients.

The mean value of eosinophils for female control samples and female patient samples is 1.08 +0.6 and 2.8+0.7,and t-test value and p-value of eosinophils is 8.4 and 0.00.These are also high in cancer patients.

The mean value of monocytes for female control samples and patient samples is 1.6 +0.9 and 2.9+0.6 and t-test value and p-value of monocytes is 5.7 and 0.001.Monocytes are also high in cancer patients.

 And the mean value of basophils for female control samples and female patient samples is normal value and 1.4+0.5. And t-test value and p-value of basophils was 13.1 and 0.001.

 

Table: 3.10.

Statistical Comparison Of Anthropometric Measurement In Control & cancer Patients. (Female)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Female Control Samples (n=24)

Female cancer Patient Samples (n=28)

Mean+SD

Range

Mean+SD

Range

Age (year)

32.3+4.6

25-50

40.2+7.3

25-50

Height (cmm)

154.3+3.7

150-160

153.4+4.6

142-164

Weight (kg)

56.1+6.3

45-70

56.8+13.4

40-100

 

Table-3.10, shows the mean values, t-test values, and p-values of age, height and weight for female control samples and female patient samples. Mean value of age for female control samples and female patient samples was 32.3+4.6 and 40.2+7.3, mean value of height for female control samples and female patient samples was 154.3+3.7 and 153.4+4.6.Hight is similar in cancer patients and normals.While mean value of weight for female control samples and female patient samples was 56.1+6.3 and 56.8 +13.4.which indicates that weight have no significant difference in cancer than normal.                                                                                                                            

Table: 3.11

Statistical Comparison Of Physiological Measurement In Control & cancer Patients. (Female)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Female Control Samples (n=24)

Female cancer Patient Samples (n=28)

t-test

 

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

Systolic Blood Pressure.(mmHg)

117.7+8.5

120.5+5.6

1.3

0.2

Diastolic Blood Pressure.(mmHg)

74.5+5.9

81.4+4.4

4.6

0.001

Pulse Rate.(/min)

77.2+7.0

72.3+1.9

0.2

0.8

                                                                                                Table-3.11, shows the mean values, t-test values, and p-values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate for female control samples and female patients samples. Mean value of systolic blood pressure for female control samples and female patients samples is 117.7+8.5 and 120.5+5.6, the t-value and p-value of systolic blood pressure was 1.3 and 0.2,

The mean value of diastolic blood pressure for female control samples and female patient samples was 74.5+5.9 and 81.4+4.4, and t-value and p-value of diastolic pressure was 4.6 and 0.001. This shows that systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in female cancer patients as compared to normal females.

While mean value of pulse rate for female control samples and female patients samples was 77.2+7.0 and 72.3+1.9.While t-value and p-value of pulse rate was 0.2 and 0.8.This indicates that the pulse rate is lower in female cancer patients as compared to normal females.                                                                                                                                              

Table: 3.12.

Statistical Comparison Of  Platelet Count In Control & Patients. (Female)

 

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Female  Control Samples  (n=24)

Female cancer   Patient Samples  (n=28)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

Platelet Count (cmm)

239791.6+88474.5

117238.9+10517.2

0.1

0.9

                                                                                                  Table-3.12, shows the mean value, t-test value, and p-value of platelets count for female control samples and female patient samples is 239791.66+88474.5 and 117238.9.2857+10517.2.The t-value and p-value of platelets is 1429658.952 and 0.001. The t-value and p-value of platelets was 1429658.9 and 0.001.This shows that mean value of platelets was lower in female cancer patients as compared to normal females.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

 

Table: 3.13

Statistical Comparison Of RBC’s & Hb In Male Control & Patients. (Male)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Male Control Samples (n=16)

Male cancer Patient Samples (n=12)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

RBC’s (million/cmm)

4.7+0.3

4.3+0.8

1.35

0.2

Hb (g/dl)

13.5+1.0

10.5+3.5

0.32

0.7

                                                                                                                                                Table -3.13, shows the mean values, t-test values, and p-values of RBCs and Hb for male control samples and male patients samples. Mean value of RBCc for male control samples and male patient samples is 4.7256+0.386 and 4.3616+0.8347, and the t-value and p-value of RBC’s was 1.35 and 0.2 respectively, which indicates that RBC’s are low in cancer patients.

And mean value of Hb for male control sample and male patient samples is 13.5+1.00314 and 10.5+3.5.while t-test value and p-value of Hb was 0.32 and 0.7.This shows that Hb is low in cancer patients.

                                                                                                                                                                            

 

 

 

 

 

Table: 3.14

Statistical Comparison Of Absolute Indices In Control & Patients. (Male)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Male Control Samples (n=12)

Male cancer Patient Samples (n=16)

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

MCV (fl)

77.5+5.7

70.9+5.9

0.3

0.7

MCH (pg)

27.0+7.6

26.4+4.2

5

0.001

MCHC (g/dl)

34.7+2.4

33.0+0.8

0.43

0.7

                              

Table-3.14, shows the mean values, t-test values, and p-values of MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Mean values of MCV for male control sample and male patient samples are 77.5+5.7 and 80.1+12.0, the t-value and p-value of MCV was 0.02 and 0.9 respectively, which indicates that MCV is low in cancer patients.

The mean value of MCH for male control samples and male patients sample is 27.0+7.6 and 26.4+4.2. And the t-value and p-value of MCH was 5 and 0.001.This shows that MCH is low in cancer patients.

While mean value of MCHC for male control samples and male patients sample is 34.7+2.4 and 33.0+0.8.While t-test value and p-value of MCHC was 0.43 and 0.7.MCHC were lower in male cancer patients as compared to normal males.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table: 3.15

Statistical Comparision Of  WBC’s In Control & Patients. (Male)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Male Control Samples:

Male cancer Patient Samples:

t-test

p-Value

Mean+SD

Mean+SD

TLC (cmm)

9312.5+4891.8

8341.6+3515.7

2

0.05

Neutrophils (%)

71.8+10.1

57.37+21.0

 

0.4

0.7

Lymphocytes (%)

25.2+9.6781

27.8+13.6

0.3

0.7

Eosinophils (%)

1.06+0.6

2.6+0.7

5.4

0.001

Monocytes (%)

1.8+0.8

3+0.9

3.4

0.001

Basophils (%)

00+00

1.5+0.6

9.06

0.001

                             

Table-3.15, shows the mean values, t-values, and p-values of TLC, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Basophils for male control samples and male patients samples. Mean value of TLC for male control samples and male patient samples is 9312.5+4891.8 and 8341.6+3515.7. The t-test value and p-value of TLC is 2 and 0.05, which shows that TLC is lower in cancer patients.

The mean value of neutrophils for male control samples and male patient samples is 71.8+10.1 and 57.3+21.0, t-test value and p-value of neutrophils was 0.4 and 0.7, and this shows that neutrophils are also low in cancer patients.

The mean value of lymphocytes for male control samples and male patient samples was 25.25+9.6 and 27.8+13.6, t-test value and p-value of lymphocytes was 0.3 and 0.7.This shows lymphocytes are also low in cancer patients.

The mean value of eosinophils for male control samples and male patient samples was 1.06+0.6 and 2.6+0.7, t-test value and p-value of eosinophils was 5.4 and 0.001, which indicates that eosinophils are increase in cancer patients.

The mean value of monocytes for male control samples and male patient samples was 1.8+0.8 and 3+0.9, t-test value and p-value of monocytes was 3.4 and 0.001.This shows that monocyte are increase in cancer patients. 

And the mean value of basophils for male control samples and male patient samples was normal value normal value and 1.5+0.6. and t-test value and p-value of basophils was 9.06 and 0.001.                                                                          

 

Table: 3.16.

Statistical Comparison Of Anthropometric Measurement In Control & Patients. (Male)

 

Parameters:

 

 

 

Male Control Samples (n=16)

Male cancer Patient Samples (n=12)

Mean+SD

Range

Mean+SD

Range

Age

34.8+7.2

25-50

40.5+9.4

25-50

Height (cm)

166.06+4.5

153-170

161.7+9.01

139-172

Weight (kg)

62.9+5.3

50-70

54.3+7.8

45-70

                                                                               

Table-3.16, shows the mean values, t-values, and t-values of   age, height and weight for male control samples and male patients samples. Mean