Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (learn to read books txt) š
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Martin Arrowsmith, the titular protagonist, grows up in a small Midwestern town where he wants to become a doctor. At medical school he meets an abrasive but brilliant professor, Gottlieb, who becomes his mentor. As Arrowsmith completes his training he begins a career practicing medicine. But, echoing Lewisās Main Street, small-town life becomes too insular and restricting; his interest in research and not people makes him unpopular, and he decides to work in a research laboratory instead.
From there Arrowsmith begins a career that hits all of the ethical quandaries that scientists and those in the medical profession encounter: everything from the ethical problem of research protocol strictness versus saving lives, to doing research for the betterment of mankind versus for turning a profit, to the politics of institutions, to the social problems of wealth and poverty. Arrowsmith struggles with these dilemmas because, like all of us, he isnāt perfect. Despite his interest in helping humanity, he has little interest in peopleāaside from his serial womanizingāand this makes the path of his career an even harder one to walk. Heās surrounded on all sides by icons of nobility, icons of pride, and icons of rapaciousness, each one distracting him from his calling.
Though the book isnāt strictly a satire, few escape Lewisās biting pen. He skewers everyone indiscriminately: small-town rubes, big-city blowhards, aspiring politicians, doctors of both the noble and greedy variety, hapless ivory-towered researchers, holier-than-thou neighbors, tedious gilded-age socialites, and even lazy and backwards islanders. In some ways, Arrowsmith rivals Main Street in its often-bleak view of human natureāthough unlike Main Street, the good to humanity that science offers is an ultimate light at the end of the tunnel.
The novelās publication in 1925 made it one of the first serious āscienceā novels, exploring all aspects of the life and career of a modern scientist. Lewis was aided in the novelās preparation by Paul de Kruif, a microbiologist and writer, whose medically-accurate contributions greatly enhance the textās realist flavor.
In 1926 Arrowsmith was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, but Lewis famously declined it. In his refusal letter, he claimed a disinterest in prizes of any kind; but the New York Times reported that those close to him say he was still angered over the Pulitzerās last-minute snatching of the 1921 prize from Main Street in favor of giving it to The Age of Innocence.
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- Author: Sinclair Lewis
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āWhat is it, sir? Anything I can do?ā
āIt does not apply to me. To you.ā
Irritably Martin thought, āIs he going into all this danger-of-rapid-success stuff again? Iām getting tired of it!ā
Gottlieb ambled toward him. āIt iss a pity, Martin, but you are not the discoverer of the X Principle.ā
āWh-whatā āā
āSomeone else has done it.ā
āThey have not! Iāve searched all the literature, and except for Twort, not one person has even hinted at anticipatingā āWhy, good Lord, Dr. Gottlieb, it would mean that all Iāve done, all these weeks, has just been waste, and Iām a foolā āā
āVell. Anyvay. DāHerelle of the Pasteur Institute has just now published in the Comptes Rendus, Academie des Sciences, a reportā āit is your X Principle, absolute. Only he calls it ābacteriophage.ā So.ā
āThen Iāmā āā
In his mind Martin finished it, āThen Iām not going to be a department-head or famous or anything else. Iām back in the gutter.ā All strength went out of him and all purpose, and the light of creation faded to dirty gray.
āNow of course,ā said Gottlieb, āyou could claim to be co-discoverer and spend the rest of your life fighting to get recognized. Or you could forget it, and write a nice letter congratulating DāHerelle, and go back to work.ā
Martin mourned, āOh, Iāll go back to work. Nothing else to do. I guess Tubbsāll chuck the new department now. Iāll have time to really finish my researchā āmaybe Iāve got some points that DāHerelle hasnāt hit onā āand Iāll publish it to corroborate himā āā ā¦ Damn him!ā āā ā¦ Where is his report?ā āā ā¦ I suppose youāre glad that Iām saved from being a Holabird.ā
āI ought to be. It is a sin against my religion that I am not. But I am getting old. And you are my friend. I am sorry you are not to have the fun of being pretentious and successfulā āfor a whileā āā ā¦ Martin, it iss nice that you will corroborate DāHerelle. That is science: to work and not to careā ātoo muchā āif somebody else gets the creditā āā ā¦ Shall I tell Tubbs about DāHerelleās priority, or will you?ā
Gottlieb straggled away, looking back a little sadly.
Tubbs came in to wail, āIf you had only published earlier, as I told you, Dr. Arrowsmith! You have really put me in a most embarrassing position before the Board of Trustees. Of course there can be no question now of a new department.ā
āYes,ā said Martin vacantly.
He carefully filed away the beginnings of his paper and turned to his bench. He stared at a shining flask till it fascinated him like a crystal ball. He pondered:
āWouldnāt have been so bad if Tubbs had let me alone. Damn these old men, damn these Men of Measured Merriment, these Important Men that come and offer you honors. Money. Decorations. Titles. Want to make you windy with authority. Honors! If you get āem, you become pompous, and then when youāre used to āem, if you lose āem you feel foolish.
āSo Iām not going to be rich. Leora, poor kid, she wonāt have her new dresses and flat and everything. Weā āWonāt be so much fun in the lil old flat, now. Oh, quit whining!
āI wish Terry were here.
āI love that man Gottlieb. He might have gloatedā ā
āBacteriophage, the Frenchman calls it. Too long. Better just call it āphage.ā Even got to take his name for it, for my own X Principle! Well, I had a lot of fun, working all those nights. Workingā āā
He was coming out of his trance. He imagined the flask filled with staph-clouded broth. He plodded into Gottliebās office to secure the journal containing DāHerelleās report, and read it minutely, enthusiastically.
āThereās a man, thereās a scientist!ā he chuckled.
On his way home he was planning to experiment on the Shiga dysentery bacillus with phage (as henceforth he called the X Principle), planning to volley questions and criticisms at DāHerelle, hoping that Tubbs would not discharge him for a while, and expanding with relief that he would not have to do his absurd premature paper on phage, that he could be lewd and soft-collared and easy, not judicious and spied-on and weighty.
He grinned, āGosh, Iāll bet Tubbs was disappointed! Heād figured on signing all my papers with me and getting the credit. Now for this Shiga experimentā āPoor Lee, sheāll have to get used to my working nights, I guess.ā
Leora kept to herself what she felt about itā āor at least most of what she felt.
XXX IFor a year broken only by Terry Wickettās return after the Armistice, and by the mockeries of that rowdy intelligence, Martin was in a grind of drudgery. Week on week he toiled at complicated phage experiments. His workā āhis hands, his techniqueā ābecame more adept, and his days more steady, less fretful.
He returned to his evening studying. He went from mathematics into physical chemistry; began to understand the mass action law; became as sarcastic as Terry about what he called the ābedside mannerā of Tubbs and Holabird; read much French and German; went canoeing on the Hudson on Sunday afternoons; and had a bawdy party with Leora and Terry to celebrate the day when the Institute was purified by the sale of Holabirdās pride, Gladys the Centrifuge.
He suspected that Dr. Tubbs, now magnificent with the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, had retained him in the Institute only because of Gottliebās intervention. But it may be that Tubbs and Holabird hoped he would again blunder into publicity-bringing miracles, for they were both polite to him at lunchā āpolite and wistfully rebuking, and full of meaty remarks about publishing oneās discoveries early instead of dawdling.
It was more than a year after Martinās anticipation by DāHerelle when Tubbs appeared in the laboratory with suggestions:
āIāve been thinking, Arrowsmith,ā said Tubbs.
He looked it.
āDāHerelleās discovery hasnāt aroused the popular interest I thought it would. If heād only been here with us, Iād have seen to it that he got the proper attention. Practically no newspaper comment at all.
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