Chocolate by Sarah Moss (ebook voice reader .TXT) 📕

her help and patience with sourcing photos; Edith Badenoch for the cowboy cookie recipe.

Alexander Badenoch

Photo Acknowledgements

The author and publishers wish to express their thanks to the below sources of illustrative material and/or permission to reproduce it. Locations of some artworks are also given below.

Alvimann/MorgueFile: p. 88; A. Badenoch: pp. 82, 84, 91, 100, 104, 109; Alain Beguerie: p. 98; David Bernstein, New York/Werner Forman Archive: p. 10; Borthwick Institute: pp. 75, 112, 113; Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz: pp. 38, 42, 83, 84; The image of the Black in Western Art Research Project and Photo Archive, W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, Harvard University: p. 43; Godiva Chocolates: p. 70; Mary Evans Picture Library: p. 20; Michael Leaman/Reaktion Books: p. 66; Library of Congress: pp. 67, 79; National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City/Werner Forman Archive: p. 19; Margaret F. MacDonald collection (Die Praktische Konditoreikunst, 1927): p. 97; Maceofoto/Istockphoto: p. 6; Edward H. Merrin Gallery, New York/Werner Forman Archive: p. 18; Montezuma’s Chocolates: p. 71; Roger-Viollet/Rex Features: pp. 32, 49, 64; Sheila Terry/Science Photo Library: p. 16.

Index

italic numbers refer to illustrations; bold to recipes

Acosta, Jose de 20

adulteration 77, 78

Amedei 103–4, 104, 105, 106, 119–20

Archer Daniels Midland 88, 101–2

Austen, Jane 45, 48–9

Australia 99

Aztecs 13–14, 16–19, 21, 25–8, 33

Baker, Walter and family 52, 88

ballotins 70

Banania 82, 85

BarryCallebaut 88

Belgium 76, 77

Benzoni, Girolamo 20

Bloomsberry 96–7, 112–13, 116

Boucher, Frangois 49

Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme 59–60, 108

Burney, Frances 48

cacao press 56

Cadbury Brothers 59, 65, 68, 73, 75, 78, 85–6, 89, 110

Cailler, Francois-Louis 61

Cargill 88, 101–2

Casas, Bartholomé de las 15–16

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (book and film) 94, 94

Charpentier, Jean-Baptiste 44

Chick Chocolates 112–13

Chocolat (book and film) 115, 115–16

Chocolate and Lavender Cream 120–21

varieties 106, recipe 125

chocolate and annatto 19, 32

chocolate bars 53, 58, 61–3, 111–18

manufacturingprocess 60–63

chocolate in Belgium 63, 69, 70, 76–7, 80, 81, 96, 99

Chocolate Biscuit Cake 123–4

chocolate as blood 17–18

chocolate boxes and packaging 68–72

chocolate cake 40–41 , 46–7

chocolate and childhood 49, 65, 66, 66, 67, 73–4, 92

chocolate and chilli 12 , 32, 33

chocolate and colonialism 79–86

chocolate in England 35–41,36

chocolate in France 34, 58–9, 76

chocolate and health 26–8, 34–6,59, 60, 63, 67, 72, 77–8, 108, 109–10

chocolate ice-cream 41

chocolate in Italy 34

chocolate and milk 34, 40, 72, 77, 89

chocolate in North America 50–51, 92

chocolate and Roman Catholicism 20, 21–2, 24–5, 31–2, 33, 35, 53, 72, 103, 115–16

chocolate and Spain 13, 20–21, 31–3, 34, 53, 54, 55

chocolate and sugar 30, 33

chocolate in Switzerland 59–60, 76, 77, 99

Chocolate Truffles, Experimental 124–5

chocolate and vanilla 12, 32, 34, 47, 63

chocolate and war 54, 56, 64, 64, 88

chocolate and women

as consumers 20–24, 26, 28, 42, 43, 64, 66, 109, 109–20, 112, 113

as cooks 12, 33, 3, 45

as witchcraft 23–4

chocolatieres 43

cocoa (drink) 25, 57–8, 63, 64, 67, 68, 72–4, 117

cocoa beans

fake 13

and gold 12–13, 15, 25

growth and production 7–10, 8, 9, 50–51, 51, 56, 59, 79, 87–8

percentage in chocolate 105

ritual uses 12, 18, 19

and slave labour 29–31, 46, 82–6, 101–2

Coe, Sophie and Michael Coe 9, 26

Columbus, Christopher 13–14

Columbus, Ferdinand 15–16

‘conching’ 61, 62

Cote d’Or 81–2, 96, 108, 114

Cowboy Cookies 121–2

cows 77, 90

Doutre-Roussel, Chloé, The Chocolate Conoisseur 103, 107–8, 109

Dufour, Philippe Sylvestre 25

‘dutching’ 56, 57–8

Engelbrecht, Martin 38

fair trade 100, 102

Few, Martha 23

Franciscans 13

Fry, J. S. & Sons 50, 59, 60, 64, 66, 75, 82, 84

Fuentes, Juan de 24

Gage, Thomas 21–3

German’s Sweet Chocolate, ‘German’ chocolate 92–4

Godiva 69, 70

Hannan, John 52

Harkin-Engel protocol 101 , 102

Helm 67

Hershey, Milton Snavely 59, 76, 89, 105

Hobsbawm, Eric 54

Hogarth, William 36

Hot Chocolate, Historic 122

Houten, Coenraad van, 57–8, 61, 68

Jesuits 20, 29–30

Johnson, Samuel 43–4

Keuken, Teun van de, Tony Chocolonely 101–2

Kraft Foods 52, 82, 88

Lehman, J. M. of Dresden 59

Leonidas 69

Lindt, Rodolphe 61, 62, 63

Lindt & Sprüngli 103

Liotard, Jean-Etienne 45

Longhi, Pietro 42

Mars 89

Matthieu, Georg David 43

Maya 10–12 , 33

mills 50–51

Montezuma’s 71, 71

Nestlé 61, 88, 89, 94, 101–2, 117–118, 122

Neuhaus, Jean 69, 70, 81

Nietzsche, Friedrich 110

Ogilvy, John, America 20

Olmec 8, 9

Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de 17

Patrick’s Guanaja Chocolate and Armagnac Mousse 125–6

People’s Own Enterprise Factory Halloren 90

Pepys, Samuel 37–9

praline, pralines 69

Rabutin-Chantal, Marie de, marquise de Sévigné 34

Red October chocolate 90, 91

Roger, Patrick 98

Rowntree 75, 75 see also Nestlé Black Magic 111, 112

Sade, Donatien Alphonse François de, Marquis 45–8

Sahagún, Bernardino de 17–18

Salazar, Bernardino de, Bishop of Chiapas 21–3

Sarotti 80–81

sex 114–17

TheSimpsons 92–3, 102

slavery 29–30, 55, 83–6, 101–2

Squier, E. G. 33

Suchard 61 , 88, 115–16, 118

Switzerland, Swiss chocolate 60, 76–7, 99

Tenochtitlan 13–14, 17, 33, 39

Theobroma cacao 7, 8, 8, 16, 53

Valrhona 16–17, 102, 103, 106

Venezuela 54–5, 83, 103

Venison Casserole 122–3

Waterhouse, Debra, Why Women Need Chocolate, 108