Hard Times by Charles Dickens (ebooks that read to you txt) ๐
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Hard Times (originally Hard TimesโFor These Times) was published in 1854, and is the shortest novel Charles Dickens ever published. Itโs set in Coketown, a fictional mill-town set in the north of England. One of the major themes of the book is the miserable treatment of workers in the mills, and the resistance to their unionization by the mill owners, typified by the character Josiah Bounderby, who absurdly asserts that the workers live a near-idyllic life but they all โexpect to be set up in a coach and six, and to be fed on turtle soup and venison, with a gold spoon.โ The truth, of course, is far different.
The other major topic which Dickens tackles in this novel is the rationalist movement in schooling and the denigration of imagination and fantasy. It begins with the words โNow, what I want is, Facts,โ spoken by the wealthy magnate Thomas Gradgrind, who is supervising a class at a model school he has opened. This indeed is Gradgrindโs entire philosophy. โTeach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else.โ He is supported and encouraged in this approach by his friend Bounderby. Grandgrind raises his own children on these principles, and, as we discover, in doing so blights their lives.
The novel also follows the story of a particular mill-worker, Stephen Blackpool, who leads a tragic life. He is burdened with an alcoholic, slatternly wife, who is mostly absent from his life, but who returns at irregular intervals to trouble him. This existing marriage, and the near-impossibility of divorce for someone of his class, prevents him marrying Rachael, who is the light of his life. Dickens depicts Stephen as representing the nobility of honest work, and contrasts his character with that of the self-satisfied humbug Josiah Bounderby who represents the worst aspects of capitalism.
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- Author: Charles Dickens
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Removing her eyes from him, she sat so long looking silently towards the town, that he said, at length: โAre you consulting the chimneys of the Coketown works, Louisa?โ
โThere seems to be nothing there but languid and monotonous smoke. Yet when the night comes, fire bursts out, father!โ she answered, turning quickly.
โOf course I know that, Louisa. I do not see the application of the remark.โ To do him justice he did not, at all.
She passed it away with a slight motion of her hand, and concentrating her attention upon him again, said, โFather, I have often thought that life is very short.โโ โThis was so distinctly one of his subjects that he interposed.
โIt is short, no doubt, my dear. Still, the average duration of human life is proved to have increased of late years. The calculations of various life assurance and annuity offices, among other figures which cannot go wrong, have established the fact.โ
โI speak of my own life, father.โ
โO indeed? Still,โ said Mr. Gradgrind, โI need not point out to you, Louisa, that it is governed by the laws which govern lives in the aggregate.โ
โWhile it lasts, I would wish to do the little I can, and the little I am fit for. What does it matter?โ
Mr. Gradgrind seemed rather at a loss to understand the last four words; replying, โHow, matter? What matter, my dear?โ
โMr. Bounderby,โ she went on in a steady, straight way, without regarding this, โasks me to marry him. The question I have to ask myself is, shall I marry him? That is so, father, is it not? You have told me so, father. Have you not?โ
โCertainly, my dear.โ
โLet it be so. Since Mr. Bounderby likes to take me thus, I am satisfied to accept his proposal. Tell him, father, as soon as you please, that this was my answer. Repeat it, word for word, if you can, because I should wish him to know what I said.โ
โIt is quite right, my dear,โ retorted her father approvingly, โto be exact. I will observe your very proper request. Have you any wish in reference to the period of your marriage, my child?โ
โNone, father. What does it matter!โ
Mr. Gradgrind had drawn his chair a little nearer to her, and taken her hand. But, her repetition of these words seemed to strike with some little discord on his ear. He paused to look at her, and, still holding her hand, said:
โLouisa, I have not considered it essential to ask you one question, because the possibility implied in it appeared to me to be too remote. But perhaps I ought to do so. You have never entertained in secret any other proposal?โ
โFather,โ she returned, almost scornfully, โwhat other proposal can have been made to me? Whom have I seen? Where have I been? What are my heartโs experiences?โ
โMy dear Louisa,โ returned Mr. Gradgrind, reassured and satisfied. โYou correct me justly. I merely wished to discharge my duty.โ
โWhat do I know, father,โ said Louisa in her quiet manner, โof tastes and fancies; of aspirations and affections; of all that part of my nature in which such light things might have been nourished? What escape have I had from problems that could be demonstrated, and realities that could be grasped?โ As she said it, she unconsciously closed her hand, as if upon a solid object, and slowly opened it as though she were releasing dust or ash.
โMy dear,โ assented her eminently practical parent, โquite true, quite true.โ
โWhy, father,โ she pursued, โwhat a strange question to ask me! The baby-preference that even I have heard of as common among children, has never had its innocent resting-place in my breast. You have been so careful of me, that I never had a childโs heart. You have trained me so well, that I never dreamed a childโs dream. You have dealt so wisely with me, father, from my cradle to this hour, that I never had a childโs belief or a childโs fear.โ
Mr. Gradgrind was quite moved by his success, and by this testimony to it. โMy dear Louisa,โ said he, โyou abundantly repay my care. Kiss me, my dear girl.โ
So, his daughter kissed him. Detaining her in his embrace, he said, โI may assure you now, my favourite child, that I am made happy by the sound decision at which you have arrived. Mr. Bounderby is a very remarkable man; and what little disparity can be said to exist between youโ โif anyโ โis more than counterbalanced by the tone your mind has acquired. It has always been my object so to educate you, as that you might, while still in your early youth, be (if I may so express myself) almost any age. Kiss me once more, Louisa. Now, let us go and find your mother.โ
Accordingly, they went down to the drawing-room, where the esteemed lady with no nonsense about her, was recumbent as usual, while Sissy worked beside her. She gave some feeble signs of returning animation when they entered, and presently the faint transparency was presented in a sitting attitude.
โMrs. Gradgrind,โ said her husband, who had waited for the achievement of this feat with some impatience, โallow me to present to you Mrs. Bounderby.โ
โOh!โ said Mrs. Gradgrind, โso you have settled it! Well, Iโm sure I hope your health may be good, Louisa; for if your head begins to split as soon as you are married, which was the case with mine, I cannot consider that you are to be envied, though I have
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