Hard Times by Charles Dickens (ebooks that read to you txt) 📕
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Hard Times (originally Hard Times—For These Times) was published in 1854, and is the shortest novel Charles Dickens ever published. It’s set in Coketown, a fictional mill-town set in the north of England. One of the major themes of the book is the miserable treatment of workers in the mills, and the resistance to their unionization by the mill owners, typified by the character Josiah Bounderby, who absurdly asserts that the workers live a near-idyllic life but they all “expect to be set up in a coach and six, and to be fed on turtle soup and venison, with a gold spoon.” The truth, of course, is far different.
The other major topic which Dickens tackles in this novel is the rationalist movement in schooling and the denigration of imagination and fantasy. It begins with the words “Now, what I want is, Facts,” spoken by the wealthy magnate Thomas Gradgrind, who is supervising a class at a model school he has opened. This indeed is Gradgrind’s entire philosophy. “Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else.” He is supported and encouraged in this approach by his friend Bounderby. Grandgrind raises his own children on these principles, and, as we discover, in doing so blights their lives.
The novel also follows the story of a particular mill-worker, Stephen Blackpool, who leads a tragic life. He is burdened with an alcoholic, slatternly wife, who is mostly absent from his life, but who returns at irregular intervals to trouble him. This existing marriage, and the near-impossibility of divorce for someone of his class, prevents him marrying Rachael, who is the light of his life. Dickens depicts Stephen as representing the nobility of honest work, and contrasts his character with that of the self-satisfied humbug Josiah Bounderby who represents the worst aspects of capitalism.
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- Author: Charles Dickens
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“To be sure,” assented Mrs. Sparsit, eating muffin.
“Thank you, ma’am,” said Bitzer, knuckling his forehead again, in return for the favour of Mrs. Sparsit’s improving conversation. “Would you wish a little more hot water, ma’am, or is there anything else that I could fetch you?”
“Nothing just now, Bitzer.”
“Thank you, ma’am. I shouldn’t wish to disturb you at your meals, ma’am, particularly tea, knowing your partiality for it,” said Bitzer, craning a little to look over into the street from where he stood; “but there’s a gentleman been looking up here for a minute or so, ma’am, and he has come across as if he was going to knock. That is his knock, ma’am, no doubt.”
He stepped to the window; and looking out, and drawing in his head again, confirmed himself with, “Yes, ma’am. Would you wish the gentleman to be shown in, ma’am?”
“I don’t know who it can be,” said Mrs. Sparsit, wiping her mouth and arranging her mittens.
“A stranger, ma’am, evidently.”
“What a stranger can want at the Bank at this time of the evening, unless he comes upon some business for which he is too late, I don’t know,” said Mrs. Sparsit, “but I hold a charge in this establishment from Mr. Bounderby, and I will never shrink from it. If to see him is any part of the duty I have accepted, I will see him. Use your own discretion, Bitzer.”
Here the visitor, all unconscious of Mrs. Sparsit’s magnanimous words, repeated his knock so loudly that the light porter hastened down to open the door; while Mrs. Sparsit took the precaution of concealing her little table, with all its appliances upon it, in a cupboard, and then decamped upstairs, that she might appear, if needful, with the greater dignity.
“If you please, ma’am, the gentleman would wish to see you,” said Bitzer, with his light eye at Mrs. Sparsit’s keyhole. So, Mrs. Sparsit, who had improved the interval by touching up her cap, took her classical features downstairs again, and entered the boardroom in the manner of a Roman matron going outside the city walls to treat with an invading general.
The visitor having strolled to the window, and being then engaged in looking carelessly out, was as unmoved by this impressive entry as man could possibly be. He stood whistling to himself with all imaginable coolness, with his hat still on, and a certain air of exhaustion upon him, in part arising from excessive summer, and in part from excessive gentility. For it was to be seen with half an eye that he was a thorough gentleman, made to the model of the time; weary of everything, and putting no more faith in anything than Lucifer.
“I believe, sir,” quoth Mrs. Sparsit, “you wished to see me.”
“I beg your pardon,” he said, turning and removing his hat; “pray excuse me.”
“Humph!” thought Mrs. Sparsit, as she made a stately bend. “Five and thirty, good-looking, good figure, good teeth, good voice, good breeding, well-dressed, dark hair, bold eyes.” All which Mrs. Sparsit observed in her womanly way—like the Sultan who put his head in the pail of water—merely in dipping down and coming up again.
“Please to be seated, sir,” said Mrs. Sparsit.
“Thank you. Allow me.” He placed a chair for her, but remained himself carelessly lounging against the table. “I left my servant at the railway looking after the luggage—very heavy train and vast quantity of it in the van—and strolled on, looking about me. Exceedingly odd place. Will you allow me to ask you if it’s always as black as this?”
“In general much blacker,” returned Mrs. Sparsit, in her uncompromising way.
“Is it possible! Excuse me: you are not a native, I think?”
“No, sir,” returned Mrs. Sparsit. “It was once my good or ill fortune, as it may be—before I became a widow—to move in a very different sphere. My husband was a Powler.”
“Beg your pardon, really!” said the stranger. “Was—?”
Mrs. Sparsit repeated, “A Powler.”
“Powler Family,” said the stranger, after reflecting a few moments. Mrs. Sparsit signified assent. The stranger seemed a little more fatigued than before.
“You must be very much bored here?” was the inference he drew from the communication.
“I am the servant of circumstances, sir,” said Mrs. Sparsit, “and I have long adapted myself to the governing power of my life.”
“Very philosophical,” returned the stranger, “and very exemplary and laudable, and—” It seemed to be scarcely worth his while to finish the sentence, so he played with his watch-chain wearily.
“May I be permitted to ask, sir,” said Mrs. Sparsit, “to what I am indebted for the favour of—”
“Assuredly,” said the stranger. “Much obliged to you for reminding me. I am the bearer of a letter of introduction to Mr. Bounderby, the banker. Walking through this extraordinarily black town, while they were getting dinner ready at the hotel, I asked a fellow whom I met; one of the working people; who appeared to have been taking a shower-bath of something fluffy, which I assume to be the raw material—”
Mrs. Sparsit inclined her head.
“—Raw material—where Mr. Bounderby, the banker, might reside. Upon which, misled no doubt by the word Banker, he directed me to the Bank. Fact being, I presume, that Mr. Bounderby the Banker does not reside in the edifice in which I have the honour of offering this explanation?”
“No, sir,” returned Mrs. Sparsit, “he does not.”
“Thank you. I had no intention of delivering my letter at the present moment, nor have I. But strolling on to the Bank to kill time, and having the good fortune to observe at the window,” towards which he languidly waved his hand, then slightly bowed, “a lady of a very superior and agreeable appearance, I considered that I could not do better than take the liberty of asking that lady where Mr. Bounderby the Banker does live. Which I accordingly venture, with all suitable apologies, to do.”
The inattention and indolence of his manner were sufficiently relieved, to Mrs. Sparsit’s thinking, by a
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