Hard Times by Charles Dickens (ebooks that read to you txt) ๐
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Hard Times (originally Hard TimesโFor These Times) was published in 1854, and is the shortest novel Charles Dickens ever published. Itโs set in Coketown, a fictional mill-town set in the north of England. One of the major themes of the book is the miserable treatment of workers in the mills, and the resistance to their unionization by the mill owners, typified by the character Josiah Bounderby, who absurdly asserts that the workers live a near-idyllic life but they all โexpect to be set up in a coach and six, and to be fed on turtle soup and venison, with a gold spoon.โ The truth, of course, is far different.
The other major topic which Dickens tackles in this novel is the rationalist movement in schooling and the denigration of imagination and fantasy. It begins with the words โNow, what I want is, Facts,โ spoken by the wealthy magnate Thomas Gradgrind, who is supervising a class at a model school he has opened. This indeed is Gradgrindโs entire philosophy. โTeach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else.โ He is supported and encouraged in this approach by his friend Bounderby. Grandgrind raises his own children on these principles, and, as we discover, in doing so blights their lives.
The novel also follows the story of a particular mill-worker, Stephen Blackpool, who leads a tragic life. He is burdened with an alcoholic, slatternly wife, who is mostly absent from his life, but who returns at irregular intervals to trouble him. This existing marriage, and the near-impossibility of divorce for someone of his class, prevents him marrying Rachael, who is the light of his life. Dickens depicts Stephen as representing the nobility of honest work, and contrasts his character with that of the self-satisfied humbug Josiah Bounderby who represents the worst aspects of capitalism.
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- Author: Charles Dickens
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But Mrs. Sparsitโs greatest point, first and last, was her determination to pity Mr. Bounderby. There were occasions when in looking at him she was involuntarily moved to shake her head, as who would say, โAlas, poor Yorick!โ After allowing herself to be betrayed into these evidences of emotion, she would force a lambent brightness, and would be fitfully cheerful, and would say, โYou have still good spirits, sir, I am thankful to find;โ and would appear to hail it as a blessed dispensation that Mr. Bounderby bore up as he did. One idiosyncrasy for which she often apologized, she found it excessively difficult to conquer. She had a curious propensity to call Mrs. Bounderby โMiss Gradgrind,โ and yielded to it some three or four score times in the course of the evening. Her repetition of this mistake covered Mrs. Sparsit with modest confusion; but indeed, she said, it seemed so natural to say Miss Gradgrind: whereas, to persuade herself that the young lady whom she had had the happiness of knowing from a child could be really and truly Mrs. Bounderby, she found almost impossible. It was a further singularity of this remarkable case, that the more she thought about it, the more impossible it appeared; โthe differences,โ she observed, โbeing such.โ
In the drawing-room after dinner, Mr. Bounderby tried the case of the robbery, examined the witnesses, made notes of the evidence, found the suspected persons guilty, and sentenced them to the extreme punishment of the law. That done, Bitzer was dismissed to town with instructions to recommend Tom to come home by the mail-train.
When candles were brought, Mrs. Sparsit murmured, โDonโt be low, sir. Pray let me see you cheerful, sir, as I used to do.โ Mr. Bounderby, upon whom these consolations had begun to produce the effect of making him, in a bullheaded blundering way, sentimental, sighed like some large sea-animal. โI cannot bear to see you so, sir,โ said Mrs. Sparsit. โTry a hand at backgammon, sir, as you used to do when I had the honour of living under your roof.โ โI havenโt played backgammon, maโam,โ said Mr. Bounderby, โsince that time.โ โNo, sir,โ said Mrs. Sparsit, soothingly, โI am aware that you have not. I remember that Miss Gradgrind takes no interest in the game. But I shall be happy, sir, if you will condescend.โ
They played near a window, opening on the garden. It was a fine night: not moonlight, but sultry and fragrant. Louisa and Mr. Harthouse strolled out into the garden, where their voices could be heard in the stillness, though not what they said. Mrs. Sparsit, from her place at the backgammon board, was constantly straining her eyes to pierce the shadows without. โWhatโs the matter, maโam?โ said Mr. Bounderby; โyou donโt see a fire, do you?โ โOh dear no, sir,โ returned Mrs. Sparsit, โI was thinking of the dew.โ โWhat have you got to do with the dew, maโam?โ said Mr. Bounderby. โItโs not myself, sir,โ returned Mrs. Sparsit, โI am fearful of Miss Gradgrindโs taking cold.โ โShe never takes cold,โ said Mr. Bounderby. โReally, sir?โ said Mrs. Sparsit. And was affected with a cough in her throat.
When the time drew near for retiring, Mr. Bounderby took a glass of water. โOh, sir?โ said Mrs. Sparsit. โNot your sherry warm, with lemon-peel and nutmeg?โ โWhy, I have got out of the habit of taking it now, maโam,โ said Mr. Bounderby. โThe moreโs the pity, sir,โ returned Mrs. Sparsit; โyou are losing all your good old habits. Cheer up, sir! If Miss Gradgrind will permit me, I will offer to make it for you, as I have often done.โ
Miss Gradgrind readily permitting Mrs. Sparsit to do anything she pleased, that considerate lady made the beverage, and handed it to Mr. Bounderby. โIt will do you good, sir. It will warm your heart. It is the sort of thing you want, and ought to take, sir.โ And when Mr. Bounderby said, โYour health, maโam!โ she answered with great feeling, โThank you, sir. The same to you, and happiness also.โ Finally, she wished him good night, with great pathos; and Mr. Bounderby went to bed, with a maudlin persuasion that he had been crossed in something tender, though he could not, for his life, have mentioned what it was.
Long after Louisa had undressed and lain down, she watched and waited for her brotherโs coming home. That could hardly be, she knew, until an hour past midnight; but in the country silence, which did anything but calm the trouble of her thoughts, time lagged wearily. At last, when the darkness and stillness had seemed for hours to thicken one another, she heard the bell at the gate. She felt as though she would have been glad that it rang on until daylight; but it ceased, and the circles of its last sound spread out fainter and wider in the air, and all was dead again.
She waited yet some quarter of an hour, as she judged. Then she arose, put on a loose robe,
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