Malaysian Maverick: Mahathir Mohamad in Turbulent Times by Barry Wain (fantasy novels to read .TXT) 📕

under Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi's weak and indecisive leadership.[73]

By exposing the sultans' all too human frailties and treating them with such disdain, Dr. Mahathir reduced them to figurehead status, if only for as long as he governed. "The heirs to the 'glory of Malacca' look distinctly overawed", commented academic specialist Roger Kershaw.[74] The erosion of the rulers' stature and influence "diminished their constraining role in tempering the exercise of executive powers",[75] which Dr. Mahathir proceeded to wield with unprecedented latitude. In a remade constitutional landscape, he had no need to contemplate a republic. He was the uncrowned king.

Notes

Email correspondence with Mahathir Mohamad, 17 June 2008.

Roger Kershaw, Monarchy in South-East Asia: The Faces of Tradition in Transition (London: Routledge, 2001), p. 28.

Cheah Boon Kheng, Malaysia: The Making of a Nation (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2002), p. 16.

Ibid., p. 17.

Andrew Harding, Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia (London: Kluwer Law International, 1996), p. 74.

Roger Kershaw, Monarchy in South-East Asia, p. 10l.

Andrew Harding, Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia, p. 105.

Ibid., p. 75.

Zainuddin Maidin, The Other Side of Mahathir (Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd., 1994), p. 77.

David Jenkins, "A Focus for Identity, Traditional Rulers Adjust to Change: Sultans as Symbols", Far Eastern Economic Review, 30 June 1983, http://www.feer.com/articles/archive/1983/8306_30/P032.html (accessed 25 January 2006).

Roger Kershaw, Monarchy in South-East Asia, p. 62.

Ibid., p. 102.

Chandra Muzaffar, Protector?: An Analysis of the Concept and Practice of Loyalty in Leader-led Relationships within Malay Society (Penang: Aliran, 1979), p. 74.

Roger Kershaw, Monarchy in South-East Asia, p. 101.

Ibid., p. 102.

David Jenkins, "A Focus for Identity, Traditional Rulers Adjust to Change: Sultans as Symbols".

Zainuddin Maidin, The Other Side of Mahathir, p. 79.

Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, "The Rulers are Losing Loyalty", in The Early Years: 1947-1972 (Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd., 1995), pp. 47-48.

Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, "Rulers and Rakyat — Climax is Near", in The Early Years, p. 58.

Mahathir bin Mohamad, The Malay Dilemma (Singapore: Times Books International, 1999 edition), pp. 33-35.

Mahathir Mohamad, The Challenge (Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1986), p. 155.

Ibid., p. 158.

K. Das, "We Are Not Amused: Hereditary Rulers Opposed to Federal Government Attempts to Limit Their Powers May Force a Constitutional Crisis", Far Eastern Economic Review, 15 September 1983, http://www.feer.com/articles/archive/1983/8309_15/P030.html (accessed 25 January 2006).

John Berthelsen, "Malaysian King Sails through First Months on the Job", Asian Wall Street Journal, 19 April 1985.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy, Malaysian Politics Under Mahathir (London: Routledge, 1999), p. 32.

Zainuddin Maidin, The Other Side of Mahathir, p. 79.

Raphael Pura, "Malaysia Deadlocked by Royalty Crisis", Asian Wall Street Journal, 17 November 1983.

Ibid.

J. Victor Morais, Mahathir: A Profile in Courage (Petaling Jaya: Eastern Universities Press (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1982), p. 46.

K. Das, "Less Ado About Anything: Mahathir Moves Quietly to Reduce the Constitutional Role the Sultans Play in the Nation's Legislative Process", Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 August 1983, http://www.feer.com/articles/archive/1983/8308_25/P033.html (accessed 25 January 2006).

Ibid.

Barry Wain, "Trying to Limit the Role of Malay Hereditary Rulers", Asian Wall Street Journal, 5 September 1983.

K. Das, "Less Ado About Anything: Mahathir Moves Quietly to Reduce the Constitutional Role the Sultans Play in the Nation's Legislative Process".

Raphael Pura, "Malaysia Deadlocked by Royalty Crisis".

Raphael Pura, "Gun-Toting Sultans Arrive in Style at Royal Palace in Selangor State", Asian Wall Street Journal, 21 November 1983.

Raphael Pura, "Mahathir Whips Up Support at Rallies", Asian Wall Street Journal, 12 December 1983.

Raphael Pura, "Mahathir Won't Retreat from His Battle Royal", Asian Wall Street Journal, 5 December 1983.

Interview with Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali, 17 January 2008.

Andrew Harding, Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia, p. 71.

Raphael Pura, "Malaysian Rulers Compromise on Veto", Asian Wall Street Journal, 16 December 1983.

R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy, Malaysian Politics Under Mahathir, p. 37.

Michael Vatikiotis, "A Code for the Royals: UMNO Seeks a Deal on Role of Hereditary Rulers", Far Eastern Economic Review, 12 March 1992, http://www.feer.com/articles/archive/1992/9203_12/P013.html (accessed 23 January 2006).

Cheong Mei Sui and Adibah Amin, Daim: The Man Behind the Enigma (Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1995), p. 127.

Roger Kershaw, Monarchy in South-East Asia, p. 109.

Andrew Harding, Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia, p. 77.

Stephen Duthie, "Alleged Beating Puts Sultans of Malaysia in Firing Line", Asian Wall Street Journal, 10 December 1992.

Roger Kershaw, Monarchy in South-East Asia, p. 110.

Stephen Duthie, "Alleged Beating Puts Sultans of Malaysia in Firing Line".

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysia Sultan is Censured by Parliament", Asian Wall Street Journal, 11 December 1992.

"A Just King is Adulated, but an Unjust King is to be Shunned", speech by Deputy Prime Minister Ghafar Baba in the House of Representatives, 10 December 1992, The Other Side of Mahathir, Appendix 2, p. 294.

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysian Royalty Faces Limit to Powers", Asian Wall Street Journal, 13 January 1993.

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysia Nears Crisis as Sultans Reject Curbs", Asian Wall Street Journal, 19 January 1993.

Ibid.

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysian Government is Unlikely to Put End to Clash with Royalty", Asian Wall Street Journal, 10 March 1993.

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysian Royalty Faces Limit to Powers".

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysia Sultan is Censured by Parliament".

Stephen Duthie, "Mahathir is Likely Victor in 2nd Round with Royalty", Asian Wall Street Journal, 14 December 1992.

Ibid.

Stephen Duthie, "Royalty's Pampered History Returns to Haunt Malaysia", Asian Wall Street Journal, 5 February 1993.

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysia to Cut Outlays for Royalty's Expenses", Asian Wall Street Journal, 27 January 1993.

Stephen Duthie, "Royalty's Pampered History Returns to Haunt Malaysia".

Stephen Duthie, "Malaysia to Cut Outlays for Royalty's Expenses".

Stephen Duthie, "Royal Rights Compromise Backed by Malaysia's King", Asian Wall Street Journal, 19 February 1993.

Kua Kia Soong, ed., K. Das & the Tunku Tapes (Petaling Jaya: Strategic Info Research Development, 2002), pp. 128, 131, 132.

Mahathir bin Mohamad, The Malay Dilemma, p. 11.

Email correspondence with Param Cumaraswamy, 14 May 2008.

Mahathir Mohamad, speech at the Asean Law Association General Assembly, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 26 October 1982.

Interview with Chandra Muzaffar, 16 August 2007.

Chow Kum Hor, "Rulers Get Their Way in Choice of MBs", Straits Times, 28 March 2008. Malaysia's king, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Trengganu, not only refused to appoint Abdullah's candidate as chief minister of the state, but also led a campaign