Leonardo da Vinci by Sigmund Freud (best beach reads TXT) π
The peculiarity of this emotional and sexual life viewed in connection with Leonardo's double nature as an artist and investigator can be grasped only in one way. Of the biographers to whom psychological viewpoints are often very foreign, only one, Edm. Solmi, has to my knowledge approached the solution of the riddle. But a writer, Dimitri Sergewitsch Merejkowski, who selected Leonardo as the hero of a great historical novel has based his delineation on such an understanding of this unusual man, and if not in dry words he gave unmistakable utterance in plastic expression in the manner of a poet.[16] Solmi judges Leonardo as follows: "But the unrequited desire to understand everything surrounding him, and with cold reflection to discover the deepest secret of everything that is perfect, has condemned Leonardo's works to remain forever unfinished."[17] In an essay of the Conferenze Fiorentine the utterances of Leonardo are cited, which show his confession of fai
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[41] Solmi, 1. c. p. 203.
[42] Leonardo thus behaves like one who was in the habit of making a daily confession to another person whom he now replaced by his diary. For an assumption as to who this person may have been see Merejkowski, p. 309.
[43] M. Herzfeld: Leonardo da Vinci, 1906, p. 141.
[44] The wording is that of Merejkowski, 1. c. p. 237.
[45] The equestrian monument of Francesco Sforza.
[46] The full wording is found in M. Herzfeld, 1. c. p. 45.
[47] Merejkowski 1. c.βAs a disappointing illustration of the vagueness of the information concerning Leonardo's intimate life, meager as it is, I mention the fact that the same expense account is given by Solmi with considerable variation (German translation, p. 104). The most serious difference is the substitution of florins by soldi. One may assume that in this account florins do not mean the old "gold florins," but those used at a later period which amounted to 1-2/3 lira or 33Β½ soldi.βSolmi represents Caterina as a servant who had taken care of Leonardo's household for a certain time. The source from which the two representations of this account were taken was not accessible to me.
[48] "Caterina came in July, 1493."
[49] The manner of expression through which the repressed libidio could manifest itself in Leonardo, such as circumstantiality and marked interest in money, belongs to those traits of character which emanate from anal eroticism. Cf. Character und Analerotik in the second series of my Sammlung zur Neurosenlehre, 1909, also Brill's Psychoanalysis, its Theories and Practical Applications, Chap. XIII, Anal Eroticism and Character, Saunders, Philadelphia.
[50] Seidlitz: Leonardo da Vinci, II Bd., p. 280.
[51] Geschichte der Malerei, Bd. I, p. 314.
[52] l. c. p. 417.
[53] A. Conti: Leonardo pittore, Conferenze Fiorentine, l. c. p. 93.
[54] l. c. p. 45.
[55] W. Pater: The Renaissance, p. 124, The Macmillan Co., 1910.
[56] M. Herzfeld: Leonardo da Vinci, p. 88.
[57] Scognamiglio, l. c. p. 32.
[58] L. Schorn, Bd. III, 1843, p. 6.
[59] The same is assumed by Merejkowski, who imagined a childhood for Leonardo which deviates in the essential points from ours, drawn from the results of the vulture phantasy. But if Leonardo himself had displayed this smile, tradition hardly would have failed to report to us this coincidence.
[60] l. c. p. 309.
[61] A. Konstantinowa, l. c., says: "Mary looks tenderly down on her beloved child with a smile that recalls the mysterious expression of la Gioconda." Elsewhere speaking of Mary she says: "The smile of Gioconda floats upon her features."
[62] Cf. v. Seidlitz, l. c. Bd. II, p. 274.
[63] Cf. Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex, translated by A. A. Brill, 2nd edition, 1916, Monograph series.
[64] "On the 9th of July, 1504, Wednesday at 7 o'clock died Ser Piero da Vinci, notary at the palace of the Podesta, my father, at 7 o'clock. He was 80 years old, left 10 sons and 2 daughters." (E. MΓΌntz, l. c. p. 13.)
[65] I shall overlook a greater error committed by Leonardo in his notice in that he gives his 77-year-old father 80 years.
[66] "He who usurps on earth my place, my place, my place, which is void in the presence of the Son of God, has made out of my cemetery a sewer." Canto XXXVII.
[67] It seems that in that passage of the diary Leonardo also erred in the number of his sisters and brothers, which stands in remarkable contrast to the apparent exactness of the same.
[68] v. Seidlitz, l. c., II, p. 270.
[69] Solmi, Conf. fior, p. 13.
[70] MΓΌntz, l. c., La Religion de Leonardo, p. 292, etc.
[71] Herzfeld, p. 292.
[72] Vasari, translated by Schorn, 1843.
[73] Ebenda, p. 39.
[74] Concerning these letters and the combinations connected with them see MΓΌntz, l. c., p. 82; for the wording of the same and for the notices connected with them see Herzfeld, l. c., p. 223.
[75] Besides, he lost some time in that he even made a drawing of a braided cord in which one could follow the thread from one end to the other, until it formed a perfectly circular figure; a very difficult and beautiful drawing of this kind is engraved on copper, in the center of it one can read the words: "Leonardus Vinci Academia" (p. 8).
[76] This criticism holds quite generally and is not aimed at Leonardo's biographers in particular.
[77] Seidlitz II, p. 271.
[78] La natura è piena d'infinite ragionè che non furono mai in isperienza, M. Herzfeld, l. c. p. II.
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