Inorganic Chemistry Practical by Dr Deepak Pant (best large ereader TXT) 📕

no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( yellow )
7. HCl+H2S+precipitate : dissolves
8. KOH +bromine water
+NH4Cl : orange coloured
Arsenic:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl+ salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( yellow )
7. HCl+H2S+precipitate : not dissolves
Barium:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : apple green
Bismuth:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( brown )
7. precipitate+HNO3+H2SO4 : no result
8. Add NH4OH : precipitate( white )
Cadmium:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( brown) ( yellow)
7. precipitate+H2SO4+NH4OH
+pass H2S : yellow precipitate
Calcium:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : brick red

Chromium:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3.heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate ( green )
8. boil with sodium peroxide : precipitate dissolves
9. HCl+NH4OH : no precipitate
10. acetic acid + lead acetate : precipitate (yellow)
Cobalt:
1. colour : pink
2. HCl +salt : no precipitate
3. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
4. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate (greeen)
5. salt+HCl+NH4OH+NH4Cl+
pass H2S : precipitate(black)
6. add HCl : ppt not dissolves
7. HCl+KClO3 : blue or bluish green residue
8. add NH4CNS : blue colour turning pink colour
Copper:
1. colour : blue
2. flame test : bluish green
3. HCl +salt : no precipitate
4. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate (black)
1. colour : bright green colourless
2. flame test : bluish green colourless
3. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( black )
Ferrus:
1. colour : light green
2. HCl +salt : no precipitate
3. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
4. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate (brown)
5. boil with sodium peroxide : not precipitate dissolves
6. HCl+NH4CNS : deep red
7. salt+Fe3(CN6) : precipitate (blue)

Ferric:
1. colour : brown
2. HCl +salt : no precipitate
3. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
4. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate (brown)
5. boil with sodium peroxide : not precipitate dissolves
6. HCl+NH4CNS : deep red
7. salt+NH4(CN6) : precipitate (red )
Lead:
1. colour : colourless
2. heat salt : no result
3. HCl +salt : precipitate
4. boil with water : precipitate dissolves
5. add K2CrO4 : precipitate ( yellow )
Magnesium:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : pale red
Manganese:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : no precipitate
8 salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl
+H2S : precipitate ( flesh or buff )
9. add dil HCl : precipitate dissolves
10. boil with NH4OH : brown precipitate
11. acetic acid + lead acetate : precipitate (yellow)
Mercury:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : precipitate
6. boil the precipitate : not dissolves
7. heat with NH4OH : precipitate(white)
Nickel:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl+salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : no precipitate
8 salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl
+H2S : precipitate(black)
9. add KClO3 : yellow residue
10. NH4Cl + dimethyl glyoxime : red precipitate
1. colour : colourless
2. flametest : crimson red
Tin:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3.heat salt : no result
4.ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate (yellow)
7. add dil HCl and boil : precipitate dissolves
8. add KOH+bromine water : white precipitate
Zinc:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate(white)
8. add dil HCl : precipitate dissolves
9. add NH4OH : no precipitate
10. pass H2S : precipitate (white)
Silver:
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl + salt : precipitate
6. boil precipitate :not dissolves
7. add NH4OH :no precipitate
8. add HNO2 :curdy white precipitate
Arsenite:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. H2SO4+KmnO2 : no result
6. Ammonium Molybdate test : precipitate(yellow)
7. add HCl : precipitate(yellow)
Arsenate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. H2SO4+KmnO2 : no result
6. Ammonium Molybdate test : precipitate (yellow)
7. add HCl : no precipitate
Bromide:
1 flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : reddish brown gas ,vapour turns
starch paper blue
6. salt+H2SO4+KmnO4 : decolourisd readily
Borate:
1. flame test : bright green
Chloride:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4 extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : vigorous reaction
6. extract +HNO3 : precipitate(white)
7. salt+MnO2+H2SO4 : yellowish green
Carbonate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt+H2SO4 : no result
6. add HCl : brisk effervescence
Fluoride:
1. flametest : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt+H2SO4 : oily appearance
6. extract +acetic acid+CCl2 : precipitate(white)
7. H2SO4+MnO4 : decolourised

Chromate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : yellow colour
Iodide:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour :no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : violet vapour
6. extract +HNO3 : yellow precipitate
7. salt+H2SO4+KmnO4 : decolourisd slowly
Nitrate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : reddish brown gas
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : reddish brown gas
6. salt+H2SO4+copper turning : reddish brown gas
Oxalate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : violet vapour
6. salt+HCl : no result
7.Ammonium molybdate test :no result
8. H2SO4 +MnO2 : brisk effervescence
Phosphate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : no result
6. extract +HNO3 : no result
7. salt +HCl : no result
8. ammonium molybdate test : precipitate (bright yellow)
Sulphate:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : violet vapour
6. extract+HNO3 : no precipitate
Sulphide:
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : no result
7. salt +HCl : rotten egg smell


Quantitative Analysis of mixtures of metal ions involving Volumetric (by complexometric titration using masking and demasking agents) and gravimetric analysis.
Introduction

The technique involves titrating metal ions with a complexing agent or chelating agent (Ligand) and is commonly referred to as complexometric titration. This method represents the analytical application of a complexation reaction. In this method, a simple ion is transformed into a complex ion and the equivalence point is determined by using metal indicators or electrometrically. Various other names such as chilometric titrations, chilometry, chilatometric titrations and EDTA titrations have been used to describe this method. All these terms