The Power of Movement in Plants by Charles Darwin (best fiction books to read TXT) 📕

of the ivy, 453; heliotropism of radicles, 482; experiments on tips of radicles of bean, 523, 524; curvature of the hypocotyl, 555; resemblance between plants and animals, 571

 

Sarracenia purpurea, circumnutation of young pitcher, 227

 

Saxifraga sarmentosa, circumn utation of an inclined stolon, 218

 

Schrankia aculeata, nyctitropic movement of the pinnae, 381, 403

— uncinata, nyctitropic movements of leaflets, 381

 

Securigera coronilla, nocturnal movements of leaflets, 352

 

Seed-capsules, burying of, 513

 

Seed-coats, rupture of, 102-106

 

Seedling plants, circumnutating movements of, 10

Selaginella, circumnutation of 258

— Kraussii (?), circumnutation of young plant, 66

 

Sida napoea, depression of leaves at night, 322

—, no pulvinus, 322

— retusa, vertical rising of leaves, 322

— rhombifolia, sleep of cotyledons, 308

—, sleep of leaves, 314

—, vertical rising of leaves, 322

—, no pulvinus, 322

—, circumnutation and nyctitropic movements of leaf of young plant, 322

—, nyctitropic movement of leaves, 397

 

Siegesbeckia orientalis, sleep of leaves, 319, 384

 

Sinapis alba, hypocotyl bending towards the light, 461

—, transmitted effect of light on radicles, 482, 483, 567

—, growth of radicles in darkness, 486

 

Sinapis nigra, sleep of cotyledons, 301

 

Smilax aspera, tendrils apheliotropic, 451

 

Smithia Pfundii, non-sensitive cotyledons, 127

—, hyponastic movement of the curved summit of the stem, 274-276

—, cotyledons not sleeping at night, 308

—, vertical movement of leaves, 356

— sensitiva, sensitiveness of cotyledons to contact, 126

—, sleep of cotyledons, 308

 

Sophora chrysophylla, leaflets rise at night, 368

 

Solanum dulcamara, circumnutating stems, 266

— lycopersicum, movement of hypocotyl, 50

—, of cotyledons, 50

—, effect of darkness, 124

—, rising of cotyledons at night, 306

—, heliotropic movements of hypocotyl, 421

—, effect of an intermittent light, 457

—, rapid heliotropism, 461

— palinacanthum, circumnutation of arched hypocotyl, 51, 100

—, of cotyledon, 51

—, ellipses described by hypocotyl when erect, 107

—, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 306

 

Sparganium ramosum, rhizomes of, 189

 

Sphaerophysa salsola, rising of leaflets, 355

 

Spirogyra princeps, movements of, 259, n.

 

Stahl, Dr., on the effect of Aecidium on shoot, 189; on the influence of light on swarm-spores, 488, n.

 

Stapelia sarpedon, circumnutation of hypocotyl, 46, 47

[page 590]

 

STAPELIA—TRITICUM

 

Stapelia sarpedon, minute cotyledons, 97

 

Stellaria media, nocturnal movement of leaves, 297

 

Stems, circumnutation of, 201-214

 

Stolons, or Runners, circumnutation of, 214-222, 558

 

Strasburger, on the effect of light on spores of Haematococcus, 455, n.; the influence of light on the swarm-spores, 488.

 

Strawberry, stolons of the, circumnutate, but not affected by moderate light, 454

 

Strephium floribundum, circumnutation and nyctitropic movement of leaves, 391, 392

 

T.

 

Tamarindus Indica, nyctitropic movement of leaflets, 374

 

Transversal - heliotropismus (of Frank) or diaheliotropism, 438

 

Trapa natans, unequal cotyledons, 95, n.

 

Tecoma radicans, stems apheliotropic, 451

 

Tephrosia caribaea, 354

 

Terminology, 5

 

Thalia dealbata, sleep of leaves, 389

—, lateral movement of leaves, 404

 

Trichosanthes anguina, action of the peg on the radicle, 104

—, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 304

 

Trifolium, position of terminal leaflets at night, 282

— globosum, with hairs protecting the seed-bearing flowers, 517

— glomeratum, movement of cotyledons, 309

— incarnatum, movement of cotyledons, 309

— Pannonicum, shape of first true leaf, 350, 415

Trifolium pratense, leaves exposed at night, 293

— repens, circumnutation of flower-stem, 225

—, circumnutating and epinastic movements of flower-stem, 276-279

—, nyctitropic movement of leaves, 349

—, circumnutation and nyctitropic movements of terminal leaflets, 352, 353

—, sleep movements, 349

— resupinatum, no pulvini to cotyledons, 118

—, circumnutation of stem, 204

—, effect of exposure at night, 295

—, cotyledons not rising at night, 118, 309

—, circumnutation and nyctitropic movements of terminal leaflets, 351, 352

— strictum, movements of cotyledons at night, 116, 118

—, nocturnal and diurnal movements of cotyledons, 309-311, 313

—, movement of the left-hand cotyledon, 316

— subterraneum, movement of flower-heads, 71

—, of cotyledons at night, 116, 118, 309

—, circumnutation of flower-stem, 224, 225

—, circumnutation and nyctitropic movements of leaves, 350

—, number of ellipses in 24 hours, 405

—, burying its flower-heads, 513, 514

—, downward movement of peduncle, 515

—, circumnutating movement of peduncle, 516

 

Trigonella Cretica, sleep of leaves, 345

 

Triticum repens, underground shoots of, become apogeotropic, 189

[page 591]

 

TRITICUM—WILSON

 

Triticum vulgare, sensitiveness of tips of radicle to moist air, 184

 

Tropaeolum majus (?), sensitiveness of apex of radicle to contact, 167

—, circumnutation of stem, 204

—, influence of illumination on nyctitropic movements, 338-340, 344

—, heliotropic movement and circumnutation of epicotyl of a young seedling, 428, 429

—, of an old internode towards a lateral light, 430

—, stems of very young plants highly heliotropic, of old plants slightly apheliotropic, 453

—, effect of lateral light, 484

— minus (?), circumnutation of buried and arched epicotyl, 27

 

U.

 

Ulex, or gorse, first-formed leaf of, 415

 

Uraria lagopus, vertical sinking of leaflets at night, 365

 

V.

Vaucher, on the burying of the flower-heads of Trifolium subterraneum, 513; on the protection of seeds, 517

 

Verbena melindres (?), circumnutation of stem, 210

—, apogeotropic movement of stem, 495

 

Vicia faba, circumnutation of radicle, 29, 30

—, of epicotyl, 31-33

—, curvature of hypocotyl, 92

—, sensitiveness of apex of radicle, 132-134

—, of the tips of secondary radicles, 154

—, of the primary radicle above the apex, 155-158

—, various experiments, 135-143

—, summary of results, 143-151

—, power of an irritant on, compared with that of geotropism, 151-154

Vicia faba, circumnutation of leaves, 233-235

—, circumnutation of terminal leaflet, 235

—, effect of apogeotropism, 444

—, effect of amputating the tips of radicles, 523

—, regeneration of tips, 526

—, short exposure to geotropic action, 527

—, effects of amputating the tips obliquely, 528

—, of cauterising the tips, 529

—, of grease on the tips, 534

 

Vines, Mr., on cell growth, 3

 

Vries, De, on turgescence, 2; on epinasty and hyponasty, 6, 267, 268; the protection of hypocotyls during winter, 557; stolons apheliotropic, 108; the nyctitropic movement of leaves, 283; the position of leaves influenced by epinasty, their own weight and apogeotropism, 440; apogeotropism in petioles and midribs, 443; the stolons of strawberries, 454; the joints or pulvini of the Gramineae, 502

 

W.

 

Watering, effect of, on Porlieria hygrometrica, 336-338

 

Wells, ‘Essay on Dew,’ 284, n.

 

Wiesner, Prof., on the circumnutation of the hypocotyl, 99, 100; on the hooked tip of climbing stems, 272; observations on the effect of bright sunshine on chlorophyll in leaves, 446; the effects of an intermittent light, 457; on a�rial roots, 486; on special adaptations, 490

 

Wigandia, movement of leaves, 248

 

Williamson, Prof., on leaves of Drosera Capensis, 414

 

Wilson, Mr. A. S., on the movements of Swedish turnip leaves, 230, 298

 

Winkler on the protection of seedlings, 108

 

Wistaria Sinensis, leaflets depressed at night, 354

—, circumnutation with lateral light, 452

 

Z.

 

Zea mays, circumnutation of cotyledon, 64

Zea mays, geotropic movement of radicles, 65

—, sensitiveness of apex of radicle to contact, 177-179

—, secondary radicles, 179

—, heliotropic movements of seedling, 64, 421

—, tips of radicles cauterised, 539

 

Zukal, on the movements of Spirulina, 259, n.

 

THE END.

 

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, THE POWER OF MOVEMENT IN PLANTS ***

 

This file should be named pwmvp11.txt or pwmvp11.zip Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, pwmvp12.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, pwmvp11a.txt Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US

unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

 

We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.

Please be encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections, even years after the official publication date.

 

Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement.

The official release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish to do so.

 

Most people start at our Web sites at:

http://gutenberg.net or

http://promo.net/pg

 

These Web sites include award-winning information about Project Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!).

 

Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement can get to them as follows, and just download by date. This is also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter.

 

http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext04 or ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext04

 

Or /etext03, 02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90

 

Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want, as it appears in our Newsletters.

 

Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours to get any eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. Our projected audience is one hundred million readers. If the value per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2

million dollars per hour in 2002 as we release over 100 new text files per month: 1240 more eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+

We are already on our way to trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002

If they reach just 1-2% of the world’s population then the total will reach over half a trillion eBooks given away by year’s end.

 

The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks!

This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users.

 

Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated): eBooks Year Month

 

1 1971 July

10 1991 January

100 1994 January

1000 1997 August

1500 1998 October

2000 1999 December

2500 2000 December

3000 2001 November

4000 2001 October/November

6000 2002 December*

9000 2003 November*

10000 2004 January*

 

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium.

 

We need your donations more than ever!

 

As of February, 2002, contributions are being solicited from people and organizations in: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

 

We have filed in all 50 states now, but these are the only ones that have responded.

 

As the requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be made and fund raising will begin in the additional states.

Please feel free to ask to check the status of your state.

 

In answer to various questions we have received on this: We are constantly working on finishing the paperwork to legally request donations in all 50 states. If your state is not listed and you would like to know if we have added it since the list you have, just ask.

 

While we cannot solicit donations