Informative Paragraphs by Kalai Selvi Arivalagan (best classic books to read .txt) 📕

Believed to be from China and Japan, Karate as a martial art has now turned to be a popular self-defense skill to learn and to excel. Though it had its origin from China, it developed into a method of self-defense in Japan. Karate existed during a period when weapons were banned and this martial art was practiced using empty hands. Consistent practice of techniques used in Karate will help you understand the important basics. There are different styles of Karate such as modern, traditional and western that include Full-contact and American Freestyle. Yet, the base techniques remain the same. 

• Shotokan - powerful, steady movements, be at centre in all positions
• Goju-Ryu - slower movements, focus breathing, linear move
Spend your time to know how Karate differs from other existing martial arts. It is easy to confuse with different styles and unknowingly interchange names of those marital arts. It is also true all martial arts employ techniques that resemble one another.

Karate focuses on techniques involving open hands and striking moves. It also uses kicking, knee and elbow strikes and punches. Practicing involves four essential style aspects. With a combination of techniques, these four aspects include distinct form of movements.
• Kihon - learning basic techniques
• Kata - learning a strategy that combines techniques in a flow
• Bunkai - learning to analyze movements and apply in real
• Kumite - learning free sparring

You must know how to excel basic punches in Karate. Every punch is straight, and twisting the wrist near the point of impact. To avoid getting hurt, always use your first two knuckles to hit and ensure you didn’t lock your elbow.
In Karate, kicks help you to maintain the distance between your opponent and you. It is also used as an option when you are not able to move due to a block or while preventing an attack. Karate is not used for offence, but it is used for self-defense. You must know how to defend yourself in any situation.
Front kick – to hit with your foot
Side kick – to keep your toes pointing down and hit with the foot
Roundhouse kick – to hit with your foot, toes curled up, with the foot turned sideways
Hook kick – a roundhouse, reversed kick
Back kick - to kick and hit using your heel

In real life, we rarely hear about Jeet Kune Do or Judo experts who walk into a public place and start to thrash everything across the street. Experts in martial arts prefer to use it for self-defense and not for killing. They still know some dangerous moves can be killing blows. Killer moves are never taught in usual classes where they teach martial arts. It is true, in practice some of the moves have been discontinued. Most of them are found only in military training for practicing hand-to-hand combat.  Even if you enjoy watching martial arts, you will not be able to watch those moves in authorized matches. Practicing these moves in the match is not allowed because if you happen to practice these moves in the wrong way, each hold can kill or bring in damage permanently. 

Performing Elbow Strike
When you are hit with your opponent’s elbow going straight down onto the back of your head or neck, it will cause immense pain. The elbow strike may not kill you, but you will be out of the fight for some time. Though the move is still considered legal to use in an MMA match, it is not regarded as a good move. In this move, in downward elbows, the elbow of the attacker starts at the 12 o’clock position and moves down to the 6 o’clock position.
If you want to defeat your opponent, then you need to punch in the throat to shut him down. This move when performed in the correct way can crush your windpipe. Even a half-hearted punch on the throat may still knock your opponent to go off balance and deal with pain.
Performing A Killer Move
One of the well-known dangerous moves in martial arts is the reverse neck choke or the sleeper hold. The most difficult part of this move is to position yourself behind your opponent. Once you get your position, you can wrap your arm easily around the neck of your opponent and lock the hold until oxygen is cut off in the brain. Now you can knock out your opponent or hold the choke to cause death or damage to the brain permanently. Fish-hooking is another dangerous move to consider in a fight where survival at the end becomes the goal. This move when applied with sufficient pressure can cause permanent damage. In modern contests, this move is banned.

 With globalisation more people are travelling across the world. Aviation industry has made it possible by connecting people from every nook and corner of the world.  Though some of the recent air accidents may chill our nerves, still flying is considered as the quickest form of transport that assures 100% percent safety for both passengers and their goods. Practically, there is more chance of getting killed while walking down the pedestrian-cross or riding a bicycle in the safe zone. Fatality rate due to travel was found to be 0.27 by rail, 2.57 by car and 0.003 by air.

Safety has been the first priority in the aviation industry, but unexpected aviation accidents are still nightmares. Risk management, training, and technology have brought commendable improvements in the aviation industry. The updated, technically sound risk management tools are successful in identifying even negligible issues and prevent them from turning into significant issues. Aircraft safety inspections and investigations for air accidents have also become effective due to excellence in quality control and manufacture.

Significant changes in the safety management have totally modified the view of human factor in the air line sector. Cockpit data monitoring systems utilize digital audio and visual recording equipment to identify safety trends that can help to explore causes for accidents. Aviation accidents always involved an element of human error. The tools that help to run airline risk management departments and identify problems before they become critical, have also improved greatly. Though there are several factors that take responsibility for improvement, jet engines in 1950s brought in the much-awaited development. Unlike piston engines used in the earlier flights, jet engines provided reliability and safety. In today’s context, it has been proved that chances for any engine failure has been eliminated completely by it. Introduction of digital instruments in the 1970s and the fly-by-wire technology in the 1980s are also worth to notice. Tremendous improvement in air-traffic control technology, sensors, and navigation equipment has also brought the ultimate change.

Changes in aircraft designs are also much sought after to make flights more affordable even to the common man. Not only this, the growing concern for healthy environment may have an impact in the aviation technology. Solar powered planes, electric and hybrid planes are also available with their new techniques and designs to uplift air travel to a different level.

Text: Kalai Selvi Arivalagan
Publication Date: 04-11-2011

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