MY SCHOOL by Dr .Nilesh Gopal das Joshi (beginner reading books for adults .txt) 📕

their job properly and effectively. Second, encouragement and recognition of success and achievement should be deserved from leaders who can appreciate their achievement and coach them to greater success Edward 3rd, 2002).

Basic components of TQM

The management should be aware of current situation and needs to be committed towards TQM implementation. Focus has to be given to society’s requirements and product or service expectation. Involve employees in understanding the quality aspect and make them accountable. Continuous improvement in the process is required. Treat parents as your partners. Develop tracking mechanism for process and improve it as per educational requirements.

Principles of Total Quality Management

Total Quality Management is an attempt to enhance the quality of both products and services through certain principles like:

Continuous improvement:

A major thrust of TQM is continual process improvement. Continual improvement drives an organization to be both analytical and creative in finding ways to become more competitive and more effective at meeting stakeholder expectation. Organization should continuously improve the culture of skills. For this the organization should give effective training and programme to make employee skilled once. Creative and innovation skill make the quality of a product which satisfy the customer and also helps to develop overall working efficiency of the organization. Continual improvement should be a permanent objective of the organization.

Leadership:

Leaders establish unity, purpose and direction of the organization. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizational objectives.

Use of teamwork:

Use of teamwork is the important part of TQM. It helps to solve problems of any part of the organization. Team cooperates between each other and one encourages another for making process. All members come together for taking decisions related to procedure and working method

Students/customer-focused:

Organization depends on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, meet customer requirements and strive to exceed level of quality.

Process centered:

A fundamental part of TQM is a focus on process. Thestep required to carry out the process are defined, and performance measures are continuously monitored in order to detect unexpected variations. A desired result is achieved more efficiently when related to sources and the activities are managed as process.

Integrated system:

Although an organization may consist of many different functional specialties it is the integrated processes interconnecting these functions that are the focus of TQM.

Involvement of entire aspect of educational institutions:

In TQM, all the employees of an organization have to participate for improving quality of product, services and the environment they work. Both staffs and the students should be encouraged continuously to join their hands together to contribute their maximum for achieving Total Quality enhancement in schools.

Strategic and systematic approach:

Identifying, understanding and managing a system of interrelated process for a given objective improves the organization effectiveness and efficiency. The process called strategic planning or strategic management, includes the formulation of strategic plan that integrates quality as a core component.

Fact based decision making:

Effective decisions are based on the analysis of data and information. TQM requires that an organization continually collect and analyses data in order to improve decision making accuracy, achieve consensus, and allow prediction based on past history.

Communication:

During times of organizational change as well as part of day to day operation, effective communications plays a large part in maintaining morale and in motivating employees at all levels. Communications involving strategies, method and timelines.

Mutually beneficial relationships:

A mutually beneficial relationship between management and employees enhances the ability of both to contribute maximum.

Need for Total Quality Management

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a methodology that facilitates adapting to todays

changing external environment.

It will have merits like:

Establishes a flexible design and infrastructure so as to enable the institution to fulfill changing societal demands It facilitates bringing about change in an institution Quality management helps organizations to reduce waste and stagnation Quality management ensures increased quality and higher productivity of both products and services Quality management helps maximum utilization of available resources Creates awareness for the need and opportunity for improvement Sets explicit goals for improvement Provides appropriate training Creates systematic organizational structure Identifies and reports progress Develops mutual respect and cooperation Helps continuous evaluation and supervision Ensures participation of all employees Saves time and energy Develop great relationship between teachers and students Creates excellent placement opportunities Ensures extensive and continuous improvement Enhances relationship between management and faculty Helps SWOT analysis and Quality audit

SCOPE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION

With the changing patterns of education, course content, nature of learner and organizational structure, the concept of quality has become an inherent component of the educational process for its success. TQM in education is a timely concept, which must be clearly understood, adopted and implemented to cope up with the rising demands in the global scenario. So, it is evident that TQM has a wider scope in education. Let us see some of the areas:

Vision of an institution:

Vision of an institution provides them proper direction to meet their future challenges. As far as the concept of TQM is concerned, vision has a significant role to play in the quality enhancement of an educational system. An institution without quality vision cannot achieve their objectives effectively and efficiently

School Administration and management:

Administration is the policy formulation process and management is the implementation of the same. So, it is necessary to plan all he activities and programmes well in advance, in a very specific way to ensure the achievement of all objectives in time. It is very necessary to frame all these based on qualitative aspects, which provide maximum benefits to the students who are the real customers.

Curriculum:

As the curriculum is determined by the nation/state, there should be a national and state level monitoring committee to ensure that the curriculum is framed according to the demands and tastes of the learner. The quality should be maintained in each element of the curricular programme so that we can call it ‘Quality curriculum’.

Teaching-learning process:

Effective implementation of a curriculum is possible only by the effective transaction of it. It can be achieved only through a quality enabled teaching-learning process. It must be learner-centered, process oriented and a socially linked one, which will enrich the multiple skills of the learner and leads to their maximum satisfaction. The programmes like ICT-enabled teaching-learning, E-text books, E-classroom management etc, should be implemented in all institutions to ensure learner satisfaction.

Formation of ‘Quality Circles’:

As part of the teaching-learning process ‘Quality circles’ can be used. It refers to the learning by a small group of students who study the same subject. This group is voluntarily gathered on a regular basis, to discuss their subject related problems in a systematic way to find out solutions in co-operation with the teachers. TQM provides a systematic and clear-cut framework for the formation and implementation of ‘Quality Circles’.

Student Assessment:

TQM always warrants a result-oriented approach and each activity should be aimed to achieve its maximum result. The student assessment should be continuous and comprehensive throughout the programme. Various modern assessment strategies can be used to find out an individual’s development. The results should be statistically analysed and remedial measures should be suggested.

Human Resource Management:

TQM gives more focus to a quality based recruitment, selection, training and development, work allotment, employee utilization, performance appraisal and rewarding, assessment and rating. Scientific methods and systems should be used for all these and use of statistical techniques is also mandatory.

Financial management:

Quality of all components of a system always depends on the proper utilization of finance. This can be achieved by adequate budgeting, resource mobilization, development and optimization, utilization, accounting and auditing etc.

School infrastructure:

This is the foundation of all activities. It includes construction and maintenance of buildings, utilization of infrastructure, library, laboratory, hostel etc. While doing all these, quality must be a major component and optimum utilization of all these is very essential. Proper planning and management must be done for this.

Student services:

As per TQM, since students are the customer of an educational institution their satisfaction is to be ensured. So maximum services like guidance and counselling, sports and amenities, recreation facilities, incentives and scholarships and other co-curricular activities etc. should be given to students.

Stakeholder’s services:

Apart from parents, there are immediate neighborhood and community; local bodies such as panchayats, municipalities and corporations; higher authorities,other related departments, former students etc. who are the major stakeholders of an educational institution. As per TQM, an institution should create a proper linkage with all its stakeholders.

SWOT analysis

SWOT is an acronym or Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. By definition,

 Strengths(S) and Weaknesses (W) are considered to be internal factors over which we have some measure of control and Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) are considered to be external factors over which we have essentially no control.

SWOT Analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the organization and its environment. It is the foundation for evaluating the internal potential and limitations and the probable opportunities and threats from the external environment. It views all positive and negative factors inside and outside the organization that affect the success.

SWOT analysis or SWOT Matrix in education is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in an educational institution. SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place, industry or person. It involves specifying the objective of the educational venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieving that objective.

A SWOT analysis for schools is a tool that can provide prompts to the management, the headmaster, teachers and staff involved in the analysis of what is effective and less effective in the school systems and procedures. Often it has been used in preparation for a plan of some form (that could be an audit, assessments, quality checks etc.). In fact, a SWOT can be used for any planning or analysis activity which could impact future finance, planning and management decisions of the school or establishment. It helps to carry out a more comprehensive analysis. An overview of the four factors (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) are:

Strengths:

Internal factors that are likely to have a positive effect on (or be an enabler to) achieving the school’s objectives. Strengths are the qualities that enable us to accomplish the organization’s mission. These are the basis on which continued success can be made and continued/sustained.

Weaknesses:

Internal factors that are likely to have a negative effect on (or be a barrier to) achieving the school’s objectives. Weaknesses are the qualities that prevent us from accomplishing our mission and achieving our full potential. These weaknesses deteriorate on the organizational success and growth. Weaknesses are the factors which do not meet the standards we feel they should meet.

Opportunities:

External factors that are likely to have a positive effect on achieving or exceeding the school’s objectives, or goals, not previously considered. Opportunities are presented by the environment within which our organization operates. These arise when an organization can take benefit of conditions in its environment to plan and execute strategies that enable it to enhance quality. Organizations can gain competitive advantage by making use of opportunities.

Threats:

External factors and conditions that are likely to have a negative effect on achieving the school’s objectives, or making the objective redundant or unachievable. Threats arise when conditions in external environment threaten the reliability and profitability of the organization’s business. They compound the vulnerability when they relate to the weaknesses. Threats are uncontrollable. When a threat comes, stability and survival can be at stake.

Advantages of SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis helps in strategic planning as:

It is a source of information for strategic planning Builds organization’s strengths Reverse its weaknesses Maximizes its response to opportunities Overcomes organization’s threats It helps in identifying core competencies of the organization It helps in setting of objectives for strategic planning It helps in knowing past, present and future so that by using past and current data, future plans can be chalked out. It would allow achievable goals or objectives to be set for the organization.

Quality Audit

Quality audit is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal or external quality auditor or an audit team to determine its conformity with the requirements of a quality standard. It is an important part of organization’s quality management system. It is periodic, independent, documented examination and