The History of England, from the Accession of James the Second - Volume 1 by Thomas Babington Macaulay (diy ebook reader .txt) π
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amounted to 138,000 tons,
without reckoning vessels of less than fifty tons. (1857.)
105 Lyson's Environs of London. The baptisms at Chelsea, between
1680 and 1690, were only 42 a year.
106 Cowley, Discourse of Solitude.
107 The fullest and most trustworthy information about the state
of the buildings of London at this time is to be derived from the
maps and drawings in the British Museum and in the Pepysian
Library. The badness of the bricks in the old buildings of London
is particularly mentioned in the Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo.
There is an account of the works at Saint Paul's in Ward's London
Spy. I am almost ashamed to quote such nauseous balderdash; but I
have been forced to descend even lower, if possible, in search of
materials.
108 Evelyn's Diary, Sept. 20. 1672.
109 Roger North's Life of Sir Dudley North.
110 North's Examen. This amusing writer has preserved a specimen
of the sublime raptures in which the Pindar of the City indulged:
-
"The worshipful sir John Moor!
After age that name adore!
111 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684; Anglie Metropolis,
1690; Seymour's London, 1734.
112 North's Examen, 116; Wood, Ath. Ox. Shaftesbury; The Duke of
B.'s Litany.
113 Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo.
114 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684; Pennant's London;
Smith's Life of Nollekens.
115 Evelyn's Diary, Oct. 10, 1683, Jan. 19, 1685-6.
116 Stat. 1 Jac. II. c. 22; Evelyn's Diary, Dec, 7, 1684.
117 Old General Oglethorpe, who died in 1785, used to boast that
he had shot birds here in Anne's reign. See Pennant's London, and
the Gentleman's Magazine for July, 1785.
118 The pest field will be seen in maps of London as late as the
end of George the First's reign.
119 See a very curious plan of Covent Garden made about 1690,
and engraved for Smith's History of Westminster. See also
Hogarth's Morning, painted while some of the houses in the Piazza
were still occupied by people of fashion.
120 London Spy, Tom Brown's comical View of London and
Westminster; Turner's Propositions for the employing of the Poor,
1678; Daily Courant and Daily Journal of June 7, 1733; Case of
Michael v. Allestree, in 1676, 2 Levinz, p. 172. Michael had been
run over by two horses which Allestree was breaking in Lincoln's
Inn Fields. The declaration set forth that the defendant "porta
deux chivals ungovernable en un coach, et improvide, incante, et
absque debita consideratione ineptitudinis loci la eux drive pur
eux faire tractable et apt pur an coach, quels chivals, pur ceo
que, per leur ferocite, ne poientestre rule, curre sur le
plaintiff et le noie."
121 Stat. 12 Geo. I. c. 25; Commons' Journals, Feb. 25, March 2,
1725-6; London Gardener, 1712; Evening Post, March, 23, 1731. I
have not been able to find this number of the Evening Post; I
therefore quote it on the faith of Mr. Malcolm, who mentions it
in his History of London.
122 Lettres sur les Anglois, written early in the reign of
William the Third; Swift's City Shower; Gay's Trivia. Johnson
used to relate a curious conversation which ho had with his
mother about giving and taking the wall.
123 Oldham's Imitation of the 3d Satire of Juvenal, 1682;
Shadwell's Scourers, 1690. Many other authorities will readily
occur to all who are acquainted with the popular literature of
that and the succeeding generation. It may be suspected that some
of the Tityre Tus, like good Cavaliers, broke Milton's windows
shortly after the Restoration. I am confident that he was
thinking of those pests of London when he dictated the noble
lines:
"And in luxurious cities, when the noise
Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers,
And injury and outrage, and when night
Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons
Of Belial, flown With innocence and wine."
124 Seymour's London.
125 Angliae Metropolis, 1690, Sect. 17, entitled, "Of the new
lights"; Seymour's London.
126 Stowe's Survey of London; Shadwell's Squire of Alsatia;
Ward's London Spy; Stat. 8 & 9 Gul. III. cap. 27.
127 See Sir Roger North's account of the way in which Wright was
made a judge, and Clarendon's account of the way in which Sir
George Savile was made a peer.
128 The sources from which I have drawn my information about the
state of the Court are too numerous to recapitulate. Among them
are the Despatches of Barillon, Van Citters, Ronquillo, and Adda,
the Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo, the works of Roger North,
the Diares of Pepys, Evelyn, and Teonge, and the Memoirs of
Grammont and Reresby.
129 The chief peculiarity of this dialect was that, in a large
class of words, the O was pronounced like A. Thus Lord was
pronounced Lard. See Vanbrugh's Relapse. Lord Sunderland was a
great master of this court tune, as Roger North calls it; and
Titus Oates affected it in the hope of passing for a fine
gentleman. Examen, 77, 254.
130 Lettres sur les Anglois; Tom Brown's Tour; Ward's London
Spy; The Character of a Coffee House, 1673; Rules and Orders of
the Coffee House, 1674; Coffee Houses vindicated, 1675; A Satyr
against Coffee; North's Examen, 138; Life of Guildford, 152; Life
of Sir Dudley North, 149; Life of Dr. Radcliffe, published by
Curll in 1715. The liveliest description of Will's is in the City
and Country Mouse. There is a remarkable passage about the
influence of the coffee house orators in Halstead's Succinct
Genealogies, printed in 1685.
131 Century of inventions, 1663, No. 68.
132 North's Life of Guildford, 136.
133 Thoresby's Diary Oct. 21,1680, Aug. 3, 1712.
134 Pepys's Diary, June 12 and 16,1668.
135 Ibid. Feb. 28, 1660.
136 Thoresby's Diary, May 17,1695.
137 Ibid. Dec. 27,1708.
138 Tour in Derbyshire, by J. Browne, son of Sir Thomas Browne,
1662; Cotton's Angler, 1676.
139 Correspondence of Henry Earl of Clarendon, Dec. 30, 1685,
Jan. 1, 1686.
140 Postlethwaite's Dictionary, Roads; History of Hawkhurst, in
the Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica.
141 Annals of Queen Anne, 1703, Appendix, No. 3.
142 15 Car. II. c. 1.
143 The evils of the old system are strikingly set forth in many
petitions which appear in the Commons' Journal of 172 5/6. How
fierce an opposition was offered to the new system may be learned
from the Gentleman's Magazine of 1749.
144 Postlethwaite's Dict., Roads.
145 Loidis and Elmete; Marshall's Rural Economy of England, In
1739 Roderic Random came from Scotland to Newcastle on a
packhorse.
146 Cotton's Epistle to J. Bradshaw.
147 Anthony a Wood's Life of himself.
148 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684. See also the list of
stage coaches and waggons at the end of the book, entitled
Angliae Metropolis, 1690.
149 John Cresset's Reasons for suppressing Stage Coaches, 1672.
These reason. were afterwards inserted in a tract, entitled "The
Grand Concern of England explained, 1673." Cresset's attack on
stage coaches called forth some answers which I have consulted.
150 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684; North's Examen, 105;
Evelyn's Diary, Oct. 9,10, 1671.
151 See the London Gazette, May 14, 1677, August 4, 1687, Dec.
5, 1687. The last confession of Augustin King, who was the son of
an eminent divine, and had been educated at Cambridge but was
hanged at Colchester in March, 1688, is highly curious.
152 Aimwell. Pray sir, han't I seen your face at Will's
coffeehouse? Gibbet. Yes. sir, and at White's too.-Beaux'
Stratagem.
153 Gent's History of York. Another marauder of the same
description, named Biss, was hanged at Salisbury in 1695. In a
ballad which is in the Pepysian Library, he is represented as
defending himself thus before the Judge:
"What say you now, my honoured Lord
What harm was there in this?
Rich, wealthy misers were abhorred
By brave, freehearted Biss."
154 Pope's Memoirs of Duval, published immediately after the
execution. Oates's Eikwg basilikh, Part I.
155 See the prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Harrison's
Historical Description of the Island of Great Britain, and
Pepys's account of his tour in the summer of 1668. The excellence
of the English inns is noticed in the Travels of the Grand Duke
Cosmo.
156 Stat. 12 Car. II. c. 36; Chamberlayne's State of England,
1684; Angliae Metropolis, 1690; London Gazette, June 22, 1685,
August 15, 1687.
157 Lond. Gaz., Sept. 14, 1685.
158 Smith's Current intelligence, March 30, and April 3, 1680.
159 Anglias Metropolis, 1690.
160 Commons' Journals, Sept. 4, 1660, March 1, 1688-9;
Chamberlayne, 1684; Davenant on the Public Revenue, Discourse IV.
161 I have left the text as it stood in 1848. In the year 1856
the gross receipt of the Post Office was more than 2,800,000Β£.;
and the net receipt was about 1,200,000Β£. The number of letters
conveyed by post was 478,000,000. (1857).
162 London Gazette, May 5, and 17, 1680.
163 There is a very curious, and, I should think, unique
collection of these papers in the British Museum.
164 For example, there is not a word in the Gazette about the
important parliamentary proceedings of November, 1685, or about
the trial and acquittal of the Seven Bishops.
165 Roger North's Life of Dr. John North. On the subject of
newsletters, see the Examen, 133.
166 I take this opportunity of expressing my warm gratitude to
the family of my dear and honoured friend sir James Mackintosh
for confiding to me the materials collected by him at a time when
he meditated a work similar to that which I have undertaken. I
have never seen, and I do not believe that there anywhere exists,
within the same compass, so noble a collection of extracts from
public and private archives The judgment with which sir James in
great masses of the rudest ore of history, selected what was
valuable, and rejected what was worthless, can be fully
appreciated only by one who has toiled after him in the same
mine.
167 Life of Thomas Gent. A complete list of all printing houses
in 1724 will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotae of the
eighteenth
without reckoning vessels of less than fifty tons. (1857.)
105 Lyson's Environs of London. The baptisms at Chelsea, between
1680 and 1690, were only 42 a year.
106 Cowley, Discourse of Solitude.
107 The fullest and most trustworthy information about the state
of the buildings of London at this time is to be derived from the
maps and drawings in the British Museum and in the Pepysian
Library. The badness of the bricks in the old buildings of London
is particularly mentioned in the Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo.
There is an account of the works at Saint Paul's in Ward's London
Spy. I am almost ashamed to quote such nauseous balderdash; but I
have been forced to descend even lower, if possible, in search of
materials.
108 Evelyn's Diary, Sept. 20. 1672.
109 Roger North's Life of Sir Dudley North.
110 North's Examen. This amusing writer has preserved a specimen
of the sublime raptures in which the Pindar of the City indulged:
-
"The worshipful sir John Moor!
After age that name adore!
111 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684; Anglie Metropolis,
1690; Seymour's London, 1734.
112 North's Examen, 116; Wood, Ath. Ox. Shaftesbury; The Duke of
B.'s Litany.
113 Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo.
114 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684; Pennant's London;
Smith's Life of Nollekens.
115 Evelyn's Diary, Oct. 10, 1683, Jan. 19, 1685-6.
116 Stat. 1 Jac. II. c. 22; Evelyn's Diary, Dec, 7, 1684.
117 Old General Oglethorpe, who died in 1785, used to boast that
he had shot birds here in Anne's reign. See Pennant's London, and
the Gentleman's Magazine for July, 1785.
118 The pest field will be seen in maps of London as late as the
end of George the First's reign.
119 See a very curious plan of Covent Garden made about 1690,
and engraved for Smith's History of Westminster. See also
Hogarth's Morning, painted while some of the houses in the Piazza
were still occupied by people of fashion.
120 London Spy, Tom Brown's comical View of London and
Westminster; Turner's Propositions for the employing of the Poor,
1678; Daily Courant and Daily Journal of June 7, 1733; Case of
Michael v. Allestree, in 1676, 2 Levinz, p. 172. Michael had been
run over by two horses which Allestree was breaking in Lincoln's
Inn Fields. The declaration set forth that the defendant "porta
deux chivals ungovernable en un coach, et improvide, incante, et
absque debita consideratione ineptitudinis loci la eux drive pur
eux faire tractable et apt pur an coach, quels chivals, pur ceo
que, per leur ferocite, ne poientestre rule, curre sur le
plaintiff et le noie."
121 Stat. 12 Geo. I. c. 25; Commons' Journals, Feb. 25, March 2,
1725-6; London Gardener, 1712; Evening Post, March, 23, 1731. I
have not been able to find this number of the Evening Post; I
therefore quote it on the faith of Mr. Malcolm, who mentions it
in his History of London.
122 Lettres sur les Anglois, written early in the reign of
William the Third; Swift's City Shower; Gay's Trivia. Johnson
used to relate a curious conversation which ho had with his
mother about giving and taking the wall.
123 Oldham's Imitation of the 3d Satire of Juvenal, 1682;
Shadwell's Scourers, 1690. Many other authorities will readily
occur to all who are acquainted with the popular literature of
that and the succeeding generation. It may be suspected that some
of the Tityre Tus, like good Cavaliers, broke Milton's windows
shortly after the Restoration. I am confident that he was
thinking of those pests of London when he dictated the noble
lines:
"And in luxurious cities, when the noise
Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers,
And injury and outrage, and when night
Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons
Of Belial, flown With innocence and wine."
124 Seymour's London.
125 Angliae Metropolis, 1690, Sect. 17, entitled, "Of the new
lights"; Seymour's London.
126 Stowe's Survey of London; Shadwell's Squire of Alsatia;
Ward's London Spy; Stat. 8 & 9 Gul. III. cap. 27.
127 See Sir Roger North's account of the way in which Wright was
made a judge, and Clarendon's account of the way in which Sir
George Savile was made a peer.
128 The sources from which I have drawn my information about the
state of the Court are too numerous to recapitulate. Among them
are the Despatches of Barillon, Van Citters, Ronquillo, and Adda,
the Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo, the works of Roger North,
the Diares of Pepys, Evelyn, and Teonge, and the Memoirs of
Grammont and Reresby.
129 The chief peculiarity of this dialect was that, in a large
class of words, the O was pronounced like A. Thus Lord was
pronounced Lard. See Vanbrugh's Relapse. Lord Sunderland was a
great master of this court tune, as Roger North calls it; and
Titus Oates affected it in the hope of passing for a fine
gentleman. Examen, 77, 254.
130 Lettres sur les Anglois; Tom Brown's Tour; Ward's London
Spy; The Character of a Coffee House, 1673; Rules and Orders of
the Coffee House, 1674; Coffee Houses vindicated, 1675; A Satyr
against Coffee; North's Examen, 138; Life of Guildford, 152; Life
of Sir Dudley North, 149; Life of Dr. Radcliffe, published by
Curll in 1715. The liveliest description of Will's is in the City
and Country Mouse. There is a remarkable passage about the
influence of the coffee house orators in Halstead's Succinct
Genealogies, printed in 1685.
131 Century of inventions, 1663, No. 68.
132 North's Life of Guildford, 136.
133 Thoresby's Diary Oct. 21,1680, Aug. 3, 1712.
134 Pepys's Diary, June 12 and 16,1668.
135 Ibid. Feb. 28, 1660.
136 Thoresby's Diary, May 17,1695.
137 Ibid. Dec. 27,1708.
138 Tour in Derbyshire, by J. Browne, son of Sir Thomas Browne,
1662; Cotton's Angler, 1676.
139 Correspondence of Henry Earl of Clarendon, Dec. 30, 1685,
Jan. 1, 1686.
140 Postlethwaite's Dictionary, Roads; History of Hawkhurst, in
the Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica.
141 Annals of Queen Anne, 1703, Appendix, No. 3.
142 15 Car. II. c. 1.
143 The evils of the old system are strikingly set forth in many
petitions which appear in the Commons' Journal of 172 5/6. How
fierce an opposition was offered to the new system may be learned
from the Gentleman's Magazine of 1749.
144 Postlethwaite's Dict., Roads.
145 Loidis and Elmete; Marshall's Rural Economy of England, In
1739 Roderic Random came from Scotland to Newcastle on a
packhorse.
146 Cotton's Epistle to J. Bradshaw.
147 Anthony a Wood's Life of himself.
148 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684. See also the list of
stage coaches and waggons at the end of the book, entitled
Angliae Metropolis, 1690.
149 John Cresset's Reasons for suppressing Stage Coaches, 1672.
These reason. were afterwards inserted in a tract, entitled "The
Grand Concern of England explained, 1673." Cresset's attack on
stage coaches called forth some answers which I have consulted.
150 Chamberlayne's State of England, 1684; North's Examen, 105;
Evelyn's Diary, Oct. 9,10, 1671.
151 See the London Gazette, May 14, 1677, August 4, 1687, Dec.
5, 1687. The last confession of Augustin King, who was the son of
an eminent divine, and had been educated at Cambridge but was
hanged at Colchester in March, 1688, is highly curious.
152 Aimwell. Pray sir, han't I seen your face at Will's
coffeehouse? Gibbet. Yes. sir, and at White's too.-Beaux'
Stratagem.
153 Gent's History of York. Another marauder of the same
description, named Biss, was hanged at Salisbury in 1695. In a
ballad which is in the Pepysian Library, he is represented as
defending himself thus before the Judge:
"What say you now, my honoured Lord
What harm was there in this?
Rich, wealthy misers were abhorred
By brave, freehearted Biss."
154 Pope's Memoirs of Duval, published immediately after the
execution. Oates's Eikwg basilikh, Part I.
155 See the prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Harrison's
Historical Description of the Island of Great Britain, and
Pepys's account of his tour in the summer of 1668. The excellence
of the English inns is noticed in the Travels of the Grand Duke
Cosmo.
156 Stat. 12 Car. II. c. 36; Chamberlayne's State of England,
1684; Angliae Metropolis, 1690; London Gazette, June 22, 1685,
August 15, 1687.
157 Lond. Gaz., Sept. 14, 1685.
158 Smith's Current intelligence, March 30, and April 3, 1680.
159 Anglias Metropolis, 1690.
160 Commons' Journals, Sept. 4, 1660, March 1, 1688-9;
Chamberlayne, 1684; Davenant on the Public Revenue, Discourse IV.
161 I have left the text as it stood in 1848. In the year 1856
the gross receipt of the Post Office was more than 2,800,000Β£.;
and the net receipt was about 1,200,000Β£. The number of letters
conveyed by post was 478,000,000. (1857).
162 London Gazette, May 5, and 17, 1680.
163 There is a very curious, and, I should think, unique
collection of these papers in the British Museum.
164 For example, there is not a word in the Gazette about the
important parliamentary proceedings of November, 1685, or about
the trial and acquittal of the Seven Bishops.
165 Roger North's Life of Dr. John North. On the subject of
newsletters, see the Examen, 133.
166 I take this opportunity of expressing my warm gratitude to
the family of my dear and honoured friend sir James Mackintosh
for confiding to me the materials collected by him at a time when
he meditated a work similar to that which I have undertaken. I
have never seen, and I do not believe that there anywhere exists,
within the same compass, so noble a collection of extracts from
public and private archives The judgment with which sir James in
great masses of the rudest ore of history, selected what was
valuable, and rejected what was worthless, can be fully
appreciated only by one who has toiled after him in the same
mine.
167 Life of Thomas Gent. A complete list of all printing houses
in 1724 will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotae of the
eighteenth
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