The plant-lore & garden-craft of Shakespear by Henry Nicholson Ellacombe (top romance novels .TXT) 📕

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is "Britannia's Pastorals."

[4:1] Perhaps the most noteworthy plant omitted is Tobacco--Shakespeare must have been well acquainted with it, not only as every one in his day knew of it, but as a friend and companion of Ben Jonson, he must often have been in the company of smokers. Ben Jonson has frequent allusions to it, and almost all the sixteenth-century writers have something to say about it; but Shakespeare never names the herb, or alludes to it in any way whatever.

[4:2] It seems probable that the Lily of the Valley was not recognized as a British plant in Shakespeare's time, and was very little grown even in gardens. Turner says, "Ephemer[=u] is called in duch meyblumle, in french Muguet. It groweth plentuously in Germany, but not in England that ever I coulde see, savinge in my Lordes gardine at Syon. The Poticaries in Germany do name it Lilium C[=o]vallium, it may be called in englishe May Lilies."--Names of Herbes, 1548. Coghan in 1596 says much the same: "I say nothing of them

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>Plantain.

Promptorium. Planteyne, or plawnteyn, herbe; Plantago.

Turner. Plantaine.

Gerard. Land Plantaine.

Cotgrave. Plantain; Plantaine, Way-bred.

Plums.

Promptorium. Plowme; Prunum.

Catholicon. A Plowmbe; prunum.

Turner. Plum tree.

Gerard. The Plum tree.

Cotgrave. Prune; A Plumme.

Pomegranate.

Promptorium. Pomegarnet, frute; Pomum granatum, vel malum granatum.

Catholicon. A Pomgarnett; Malogranatum, Malumpunicum.

Turner. Pomgranat tree.

Gerard. The Pomegranat tree.

Cotgrave. Grenarde; a Pomegranet.

Poppy.

Promptorium. Popy, weed; Papaver, Codia.

Turner. Poppy.

Gerard. Poppy.

Cotgrave. Pavot; Poppie, Cheesbowls.

Potato.

Gerard. Potatus, or Potato's.

Primrose.

Promptorium. Prymerose; Primula, calendula, liqustrum.

Catholicon. A Prymerose; primarosa, primula veris.

Turner. Primrose.

Gerard. Primrose.

Cotgrave. Primevere; The Primrose.

Pumpion.

Gerard. Melons, or Pumpions.

Cotgrave. Pompon; A Pompion or Melon.

Quince.

Promptorium. Quence, frute; Coctonum, Scitonum.

Turner. Quince tree.

Gerard. The Quince tree.

Cotgrave. Coignier; A Quince tree.

Radish.

Catholicon. Radcolle; Raphanus, herba est.

Turner. Radice or Radishe.

Gerard. Radish.

Cotgrave. Radis; A Raddish root.

Raisin.

Promptorium. Reysone, or reysynge, frute; Uva passa, carica.

Catholicon. A Rasyn; passa, racemus.

Turner. Rasin.

Gerard. Raisins.

Cotgrave. Raisin; A Grape, also a Raisin.

Reeds.

Promptorium. Reed, of the fenne; Arundo, canna.

Catholicon. A Rede; Arundo, canna, canula.

Turner. Reed.

Gerard. Reeds.

Cotgrave. Roseau; A Reed, a Cane.

Rhubarb.

Gerard. Rubarb.

Cotgrave. Reubarbe; The root called Rewbarb, or Rewbarb of the Levant.

Rice.

Promptorium. Ryce, frute; Risia, vel risi.

Catholicon. Ryse; risi judeclinabile.

Turner. Ryse.

Gerard. Rice.

Cotgrave. Ris; The graine called Rice.

Rose.

Promptorium. Rose, floure; Rosa.

Catholicon. A Rose; rosa-sula, rosella.

Turner. Rose.

Gerard. Roses.

Cotgrave. Rose; A Rose.

Rosemary.

Promptorium. Rose Mary, herbe; Ros marinus, rosa marina.

Catholicon. Rosemary; Dendrolibanum, herba est.

Turner. Rosemary.

Gerard. Rosemary.

Cotgrave. Rosmarin; Rosemarie.

Rue.

Promptorium. Ruwe, herbe; Ruta.

Catholicon. Rewe; ruta, herba est.

Turner. Rue.

Gerard. Rue or Herb Grace.

Cotgrave. Rue; Rue, Hearbe Grace.

Rush.

Promptorium. Rysche, or rusche; Cirpus, juncus.

Catholicon. A Rysche; ubi a Sefe (a Seyfe, juncus, biblus, cirpus).

Gerard. Rushes.

Cotgrave. Jonc; A rush, or bulrush.

Rye.

Promptorium. Rye, corn; Siligo.

Catholicon. Ry; Sagalum.

Turner. Rye.

Gerard. Rie.

Cotgrave. Seigle; Rye.

Saffron.

Promptorium. Safrun; Crocum.

Catholicon. Saferon; Crocus, crocum.

Turner. Safforne, Saffron.

Gerard. Saffron.

Cotgrave. Saffron; Saffron.

Samphire.

Turner. Sampere.

Gerard. Sampier.

Cotgrave. Creste marine; Sampier, Sea Fennell, Crestmarine.

Savory.

Promptorium. Saverey, herbe; Satureia.

Catholicon. Saferay; Satureia, herba est.

Turner. Saueray or Sauery.

Gerard. Savorie.

Sedge.

Promptorium. Segge, of fenne, or wyld gladon; Acorus.

Catholicon. A Segg; Carex.

Turner. Sege or Sheregres.

Cotgrave. Glayeul bastard; Sedge, wild flags, &c.

Senna.

Turner. Sene.

Gerard. Sene.

Cotgrave. Senné; The purging plant Sene.

Speargrass. Stover. Strawberry.

Promptorium. Strawbery; Fragum.

Catholicon. A Strabery; Fragum.

Turner. Strawbery.

Gerard. Straw-berries.

Cotgrave. Fraise; A strawberrie.

Sycamore.

Promptorium. Sycomoure, tree; Sicomorus, celsa.

Gerard. The Sycomore tree.

Cotgrave. Sycomore; The Sycomore.

Thistles.

Promptorium. Thystylle; Cardo, Carduus.

Catholicon. A Thystelle; Cardo.

Turner. Thistle.

Gerard. Thistles.

Cotgrave. Chardon; A Thistle.

Thorn.

Promptorium. Thorne; Spina, sentis, sentix.

Catholicon. A Thorne; Spina, spinula, sentis.

Turner. Whyte Thorne.

Gerard. White Thorne.

Cotgrave. Espine; A thorne.

Thyme.

Promptorium. Tyme, herbe; Tima, timum.

Catholicon. Tyme; timum, epitimum.

Turner. Wild Thyme.

Gerard. Wilde Time.

Cotgrave. Thym; The hearbe Time.

Toadstools.

Catholicon. A Paddockstole; boletus, fungus, tuber, &c.

Gerard. Toadstooles.

Cotgrave. Champignon; A Mushrum, Toadstoole, Paddockstoole.

Turnips.

Turner. Rape or Turnepe.

Gerard. Turneps.

Cotgrave. Naveau blanc de Jardin; Th' ordinarie Rape, or Turneps.

Vetches.

Promptorium. Fetche, corne, or tare; Vicia.

Turner. Fyche.

Gerard. The Vetch or Fetch.

Cotgrave. Vesce; The pulse called Fitch, or Vetch.

Vines.

Promptorium. Vyny or Vyne; Vitis.

Catholicon. A Vyne tree; argitis, propago, vitis.

Turner. Wild Vine.

Gerard. The manured Vine.

Cotgrave. Vigne; A Vine, the plant that beareth Grapes.

Violet.

Promptorium. Vyalett, or vyolet, herbe; Viola.

Catholicon. A Violett; Viola.

Turner. Violet.

Gerard. Violets.

Cotgrave. Violette; A Violet.

Walnut.

Promptorium. Walnote; Avelana.

Catholicon. A Walnotte; Avellanus, Avellanum.

Turner. Walnut tree.

Gerard. The Wall-nut tree.

Cotgrave. Noix; A Wallnut.

Warden.

Promptorium. Wardone, peere; Volemum.

Catholicon. A Wardon; Volemum, crustunum.

Cotgrave. Poure de garde; A Warden, or Winter Peare.

Wheat.

Promptorium. Whete, Corne; Triticum, frumentum.

Catholicon. Whete; Ceres, frumentum, triticum.

Turner. Wheate.

Gerard. Wheate.

Cotgrave. Froment; Wheat.

Willow.

Promptorium. Wylowe, tree; Salix.

Catholicon. A Wylght; Salix.

Turner. Wylow tree.

Gerard. The Willow tree.

Cotgrave. Saule; A Sallow, Willow, or Withie tree.

Woodbine.

Promptorium. Woode Bynde; Caprifolium, vicicella.

Catholicon. Wodde bynde; terebinthus.

Turner. Wodbynde.

Gerard. Wood-bind or Honeysuckle.

Cotgrave. Chevre-fueille; The wood-bind or honie-suckle.

Wormwood.

Promptorium. Wyrmwode, herbe; Absinthum.

Catholicon. Wormede; absinthum.

Turner. Mugwort, Wormwod.

Gerard. Wormewood.

Cotgrave. Absynthe; Wormewood.

Yew.

Promptorium. V tree; Taxus.

Catholicon. An Eu tre; taxus.

Turner. Yewtree.

Gerard. The Yew tree.

Cotgrave. If; An Yew or Yew tree.

FOOTNOTES:

[393:1] Where any of these five are omitted, that author does not name the plant. In many cases the same plant is given under different names; but I have not thought it necessary to quote more than one. In the quotations from Turner the preference is given to the "Names of Herbes," where the plant is mentioned in both works.

INDEXES.

double A with birds and flowers INDEX OF PLAYS, SHOWING HOW THE PLANTS ARE DISTRIBUTED THROUGH THE DIFFERENT PLAYS

COMEDIES. Tempest— Act I., sc. 1. Furze, Heath, Ling, Nut. sc. 2. Acorn, Ivy, Oak, Pine, Reed. Act II., sc. 1. Apple, Corn, Docks, Grass, Wallows, Nettle. sc. 2. Crab, Filbert, Pignuts. Act IV., sc. 1. Barley, Barnacles, Brier, Broom, Furze, Gorse, Grass, Lime, Oats, Peas, Piony, Rye, Saffron, Sedge, Stover, Thorns, Vetches, Wheat. Act V., sc. 1. Cedar, Cowslips, Lime, Mushrooms, Oak, Pine, Reed. Two Gentlemen of Verona— Act I., sc. 2. Ginger. Act II., sc. 3. Lily. sc. 7. Sedge. Act IV., sc. 4. Lily, rose. Act I., sc. 1. Cabbage, Prunes. sc. 2. Pippins. sc. 3. Figs. Act II., sc. 3. Elder. Act III., sc. 1. Roses. sc. 3. Hawthorn, Pumpion. sc. 4. Turnips. sc. 5. Pepper. Act IV., sc. 1. Carrot. sc. 2. Walnut. sc. 4. Oak. sc. 5. Pear. sc. 6. Oak. Act V., sc. 1. Oak. sc. 3. Oak. sc. 5. Balm, Bilberry, Eringoes, Flax, Oak, Plums, Potatoes. Twelfth Night— Act I., sc. 1. Violets. sc. 3. Flax. sc. 5. Apple, Codling, Olive, Peascod, Squash, Willow. Act II., sc. 3. Ginger. sc. 4. Roses. sc. 5. Box, Nettle, Yew. Act III., sc. 1. Roses. Act IV., sc. 2. Ebony, Pepper. Act V., sc. 1. Apple. Measure for Measure— Act I., sc. 3. Birch. Act II., sc. 1. Prunes, Grapes. sc. 2. Myrtle, Oak, Violet. sc. 3. Ginger. Act III., sc. 2. Garlick. Act IV., sc. 1. Corn. sc. 3. Burs, Medlar, Peach. Much Ado About Nothing— Dramatis Personæ. Dogberry. Act I., sc. 3. Rose. Act II., sc. 1. Oak, Orange, Sedge, Willow. Act III., sc. 1. Honeysuckle, Woodbine. sc. 4. Carduus Benedictus, Holy Thistle. Midsummer Night's Dream— Act I., sc. 1. Grass, Hawthorn, Musk Roses, Primrose, Rose, Wheat. sc. 2. Orange. Act II., sc. 1. Acorn, Beans, Brier, Corn, Cowslip, Crab, Eglantine, Love-in-idleness, Musk Rose, Oxlip, Thyme, Violet, Woodbine. Act III., sc. 1. Acorn, Apricot, Brier, Dewberries, Figs, Grapes, Hawthorn, Hemp, Knot-grass, Lily, Mulberries, Orange, Rose, Thorns. sc. 2. Acorn, Brier, Burs, Cherry, Thorns. Act IV., sc. 1. Elm, Honeysuckle, Ivy, Nuts, Oats, Peas, Thistle, Woodbine. sc. 2. Garlick, Onions. Act V., sc. 1. Brier, Broom, Cowslip, Leek, Lily, Thorns. Love's Labour's Lost— Act I., sc. 1. Corn, Ebony, Rose. Act III., sc. 1. Plantain. Act IV., sc. 2. Crab, Oak, Osier, Pomewater. sc. 3. Cedar, Cockle, Corn, Rose, Thorns. Act V., sc. 1. Ginger. sc. 2. Columbine, Cloves, Crabs, Cuckoo-buds, Daisies, Grass, Lady-smocks, Lemon, Lily, Mint, Nutmeg, Oats, Peas, Rose, Sugar, Sycamore, Violets, Wormwood. Merchant of Venice— Act I., sc. 1. Grass, Wheat. sc. 3. Apple. Act III., sc. 1. Ginger, Sugar. sc. 4. Reed. Act IV., sc. 1. Pine. Act V., sc. 1. Willow. As You Like It— Act I., sc. 2. Mustard. sc. 3. Briers, Burs. Act II., sc. 1. Oak. sc. 4. Peascod. sc. 7. Holly. Act III., sc. 2. Brambles, Cork, Hawthorn, Medlar, Nut, Rose, Rush. sc. 3. Sugar. sc. 4. Chestnut, Nut. sc. 5. Rush. Act IV., sc. 3. Moss, Oak, Osier. Act V., sc. 1. Grape. sc. 3. Rye. All's Well that Ends Well— Act I., sc. 1. Date, Pear. sc. 3. Rose. Act II., sc. 1. Grapes. sc. 2. Rush. sc. 3. Pomegranate. sc. 5. Nut. Act IV., sc. 2. Roses. sc. 4. Briers. sc. 5. Grass, Marjoram, Herb of Grace, Saffron. Act V., sc. 3. Onion. Taming of the Shrew— Induction. Onions, Rose, Sedge. Act I., sc. 1. Apple, Love-in-idleness. sc. 2. Chestnut. Act II., sc. 1. Crab, Cypress, Hazel. Act III., sc. 2. Oats. Act IV., sc. 1. Rushes. sc. 3. Apple, Mustard, Walnut. sc. 4. Parsley. Winter's Tale— Act I., sc. 2. Flax, Nettles, Squash, Thorns. Act II., sc. 1. Pines. sc. 3. Oak. Act III., sc. 3. Cork. Act IV., sc. 4. Brier, Carnations, Crown Imperial, Daffodils, Flower-de-luce, Garlick, Gillyflowers, Lavender, Lilies, Marigold, Marjoram, Mint, Oxlips, Primroses, Rosemary, Rue, Savory, Thorns, Violets. Comedy of Errors— Act II., sc. 2. Ivy, Brier, Moss, Elm, Vine, Grass. Act IV., sc. 1. Balsamum, Cherry, Rush, Nut. sc. 4. Saffron. HISTORIES. King John— Act I., sc. 1. Rose. Act II., sc. 1. Cherry, Fig, Plum. Act III., sc. 1. Lily Rose. Act IV., sc. 2. Lily, Violet. sc. 3. Rush, Thorns. Richard II.— Act II., sc. 3. Sugar. sc. 4. Bay. Act III., sc. 2. Balm, Nettles, Pine, Yew. sc. 3. Corn, Grass. sc. 4. Apricots. Act IV., sc. 1. Balm, Thorns. Act V., sc. 1. Rose. sc. 2. Violets. 1st Henry IV.— Act I., sc. 3. Reeds, Rose, Sedge, Thorn. Act II., sc. 1. Beans, Fern, Ginger, Oats, Peas. sc. 3. Nettle. sc. 4. Blackberries, Camomile, Pomegranate, Radish, Raisins, Speargrass, Sugar. Act III., sc. 1. Garlick, Ginger, Moss, Rushes. sc. 3. Apple-john, Prunes, Sugar. 2nd Henry IV.— Act I., sc. 2. Gooseberries, Mandrake. Act II., sc. 1. Hemp, Honeysuckle. sc. 2. Peach. sc. 4. Apple-john, Aspen, Elm, Fennel, Mustard, Peascod, Prunes, Rose. Act III., sc. 2. Radish. Act IV., sc. 1. Corn. sc. 4. Aconitum, Olive. sc. 5. Balm, Ebony. Act V., sc. 1. Wheat. sc. 2. Sugar. sc. 3. Carraways, Fig, Leathercoats, Pippins. sc. 5. Rushes. Henry V.— Act I., sc. 1. Grass, Nettle, Strawberry. Act III., Chorus. Hemp. sc. 3. Barley. sc. 6. Fig, Hemp. sc. 7. Nutmeg, Ginger. Act IV., sc. 1. Balm, Elder, Fig, Leek, Violet. sc. 2. Grass. sc. 7. Leek. Act V., sc. 1. Leek. sc. 2. Burnet, Burs, Clover, Cowslip, Darnel, Docks, Flower-de-luce, Fumitory, Hemlock, Kecksies, Thistles, Vines. 1st Henry VI.— Act I., sc. 1. Flower-de-luce. Act II., sc. 4. Brier, Red and White Rose. sc. 5. Vine. Act III., sc. 2. Corn. sc. 3. Sugar. Act IV., sc. 1. Rose. 2nd Henry VI.— Act I., sc. 2. Corn. Act II., sc. 1. Damsons, Plums. sc. 3. Fig, Pine. Act III., sc. 1. Thorns. sc. 2. Corn, Crab, Cypress, Darnel, Grass, Mandrake, Primrose, Sugar. Act IV., sc. 2. Grass. sc. 7. Hemp. sc. 10. Grass. Act V., sc. 1. Cedar, Flower-de-luce. sc. 2. Flax. 3rd Henry VI.— Act II., sc. 1. Oak. sc. 5. Hawthorn. Act III., sc. 1. Balm. sc. 2. Thorns. Act IV., sc. 6. Laurel, Olive. sc. 8. Balm. Act V., sc. 2. Cedar. sc. 4. Thorns. sc. 5. Thorns. sc. 7. Corn. Richard III.— Act I., sc. 2. Balm. sc. 3. Cedar, Sugar. Act III., sc. 1. Sugar. sc. 4. Strawberries. Act IV., sc. 3. Rose. Act V., sc. 2. Vine. Henry VIII.— Act III., sc. 1. Lily. Act IV., sc. 2. Bays, Palms. Act V., sc. 1. Cherry, Corn. sc. 4. Apple, Crab, Broom. sc. 5. Corn, Lily, Vine. TRAGEDIES. Troilus and Cressida— Act I., sc. 1. Balm, Wheat. sc. 2. Date, Nettle. sc. 3. Laurel, Oak, Pine. Act II., sc. 1. Nut, Toadstool. Act III., sc. 2. Burs, Lily,

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