Malaysian Maverick: Mahathir Mohamad in Turbulent Times by Barry Wain (fantasy novels to read .TXT) 📕

Ibid., pp. 155-156.

R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy, Malaysian Politics Under Mahathir (London: Routledge, 1999), p. 139.

S. Jayasankaran and Nate Thayer, "From Logs to Lotus", Far Eastern Economic Review, 12 December 1996, pp. 64-69.

Ibid., p. 66.

Karminder Singh Dhillon, Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era (1981-2003), p. 252.

Jomo K.S., "Introduction", in Jomo K.S., ed., Ugly Malaysians?: South-South Investments Abused (Durban: Institute for Black Research, 2002), p. 11.

S. Jayasankaran and Nate Thayer, "From Logs to Lotus", p. 66.

Ibid., p. 66.

Ibid., p. 69.

Vishu Padayachee and Imraan Valodia, "Developing South-South Links?: Malaysian Investment in Post-Apartheid South Africa", in Ugly Malaysians?, p. 36.

S. Jayasankaran and Nate Thayer, "From Logs to Lotus", p. 69.

Ibid., p. 65.

Kaminder Singh Dhillon, Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era (1981-2003), p. 257.

Ian Stewart, The Mahathir Legacy: A Nation Divided, a Region at Risk (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2003), p. 3.

Interview with Rodolfo C. Severino, 29 March 2006.

Barry Wain, "U.N. Myanmar Envoy Hints at Resignation If Talks Don't Proceed", Asian Wall Street Journal, 19 November 2002.

Barry Wain, "Yangon Doesn't Want Reconciliation Help", Asian Wall Street Journal, 26 August 2002.

Barry Wain, "Mahathir Won't Meet Dissident", Asian Wall Street Journal, 19 August 2002.

Rodolfo C. Severino, Southeast Asia in Search of an ASEAN Community: Insights from the Former ASEAN Secretary-General (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006), p. 227.

Kaminder Singh Dhillon, Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era (1981-2003), pp. 217-218.

Graeme Dobell, Australia Finds Home (Sydney: ABC Books, 2000), p. 36.

Rodolfo C. Severino, Southeast Asia in Search of an ASEAN Community, p. 266.

Graeme Dobell, Australia Finds Home, pp. 37-38.

Ibid., p. 40.

The Angkor Agenda: Report of the High-Level Task Force on the AFTA-CER Free Trade Area, http://www.aseansec.org/angkor_agenda.pdf (accessed 2 September 2008).

Chin Kin Wah and Michael Richardson, Australia-New Zealand & Southeast Asia Relations: An Agenda for Closer Cooperation (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004), pp. 27-28.

Ibid., p. 28.

Jeremy Hurewitz, "Interview", Far Eastern Economic Review, March 2006, p. 54.

Greg Sheridan, Tigers: Leaders of the New Asia-Pacific, (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1997), p. 200.

Joseph Chinyong Liow, The Politics of Indonesia-Malaysia Relations, p. 132.

Ibid., p. 136.

Ibid., p. 167.

Interview with senior Southeast Asian official, 3 November 2006.

Interview with Mahathir Mohamad, 14 August 2007.

K.S. Nathan, "Malaysia-Singapore Relations: Retrospect and Prospect", Contemporary Southeast Asia 24, no. 2 (August 2002): 404.

Lee Kuan Yew, From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000 (Singapore: Times Media Pte. Ltd., 2000), p. 280.

Ibid., pp. 275, 279-281, 289.

Kaminder Singh Dhillon, Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era (1981-2003), p. 136, fn 93, citing Straits Times, 18 February 1990. Suhaini Aznam, "Neighbourly Interest", Far Eastern Economic Review, 21 December 1989, p. 20.

Chandran Jeshurun, Malaysia: Fifty Years of Diplomacy 1957-2007, p. 297.

K.S. Nathan, "Malaysia-Singapore Relations: Retrospect and Prospect", pp. 398-399.

K. Kesavapany, "Promising Start to Malaysia-Singapore Relations", in Saw Swee Hock and K. Kesavapany, eds, Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006), pp. 275-286.

Kaminder Singh Dhillon, Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era (1981-2003), p. 132.

Tom Hamburger and Peter Wallsten, "Abramoff Bragged of Ties to Rove", latimes.com, 15 February 2006, http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/la-na-abramoff15feb,l,927022,full.story?coll=la-headlines-politics (accessed 13 March 2006).

Jim Lobe, "Mahathir Gets White House's 'Rehabilitation'", AsiaTimes Online, 17 May 2002, http://www.atimes.com/sea-asia/DE17Ae03.html (accessed 27 January 2006).

Ahmed Rashid, "What Do You Think of America Now?", Far Eastern Economic Review, 3 April 2003, p. 12.

Leslie Lopez, "Malaysia Strains U.S. Tolerance".

Barry Wain, "Washington to Reward Its Friends", Asian Wall Street Journal, 28 April 2003.

"Mahathir's Criticism Causes Tension", Far Eastern Economic Review, 10 April 2003, p. 8.

Interview with Abdullah Ahmad, 23 March 2007.

ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand concluded their negotiations on a free-trade agreement in Singapore in 2008.

(11)

The Destruction of a Designated Heir

In the most sensational 48 hours in Malaysian politics, Dr. Mahathir in 1998 sacked Anwar Ibrahim as deputy prime minister and finance minister and had him expelled from UMNO. Not since the 1969 racial riots, which were confined largely to Kuala Lumpur, had the country been gripped by such drama. And that was only the beginning. As Dr. Mahathir sought to crush Anwar politically with the full weight of the state, he was pilloried by the police and press, arrested under emergency laws and bashed in jail. Married with six children and a reputation as a principled and thoughtful Muslim leader, Anwar was accused of being both a womanizer and a homosexual, financially corrupt and a threat to national security.

Like the 1987 UMNO factional fight, the Mahathir-Anwar rupture split the Malay community down to family level and reverberated beyond the political system itself. It brought a sharp reaction from many regional and world capitals, where Anwar was known and respected. As he was dismissed from the government the day after Malaysia imposed capital controls to deal with the Asian economic crisis, the international community took an even keener interest in his removal. Dr. Mahathir and Anwar had diverged in their responses to the crisis, and the deputy premier's departure was as unwelcome to foreign investors as the restrictions on the outflow of funds.

Protesting his innocence and claiming to be the victim of a "conspiracy at the highest level of government", Anwar refused to go quietly.[1] He slipped back into the adversarial role he once played as a student and Islamic leader, rallying Malaysians to demand widespread reform before being arrested. Considered a political prisoner by international human rights groups, Anwar was jailed for 15 years after two trials that failed to meet minimum standards of justice. With Dr. Mahathir's assistance, Anwar's enemies in UMNO had achieved their aim of denying him the top political prize, though his own miscalculations contributed to his downfall. Dr. Mahathir continued to insist that Anwar was dropped because he was morally unfit, but few believed it even after he had served a jail term. Rather, the evidence suggested that Dr. Mahathir had concluded that Anwar, the man he had brought into UMNO 16 years earlier and anointed as his successor, was planning to use the economic turmoil to dislodge him and take over the party and the country. Dr. Mahathir had struck pre-emptively