Sybil by Benjamin Disraeli (book recommendations website TXT) ๐
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Benjamin Disraeli was a remarkable historical figure. Born into a Jewish family, he converted to Anglican Christianity as a child. He is now almost certainly most famous for his political career. Becoming a member of the British Parliament at the age of 33, he initially rose to prominence within the Conservative (โToryโ) party because of his clashes with the then Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. Rising to lead the Conservative Party, Disraeli became Prime Minister for a short period in 1868, and then for an extended period between 1874 and 1880. He became friendly with Queen Victoria and was appointed Earl of Beaconsfield by her in 1876.
However, Disraeli was much more than a politician. He wrote both political treatises and no less than seventeen novels during his lifetime, of which Sybil, or The Two Nations is now among the best regarded. The โTwo Nationsโ of the subtitle refer to the divisions in Britain between the rich and the poor, each of whom might as well be living in a different country from the other. In the novel, Disraeli highlights the terrible living conditions of the poor and the shocking injustices of how they were treated by most employers and land-owners. He contrasts this with the frivolous, pampered lifestyles of the aristocracy. He covers the rise of the Chartist movement, which was demanding universal manhood suffrageโthe right for all adult men to vote, regardless of whether they owned propertyโand other reforms to enable working men a voice in the government of the country. (Female suffrage was to come much later). The upheavals of the time led to the development of the Peopleโs Charter and a massive petition with millions of signatures being presented to Parliament. However the Parliament of the time refused to even consider the petition, triggering violent protests in Birmingham and elsewhere. All of this is well covered and explained in the novel.
Sybil is rather disjointed in structure as it ranges over these different topics, but the main plot revolves around Egremont, the younger son of a nobleman, who encounters some of the leaders of the workersโ movement and in particular Walter Gerard, one of the most respected of these leaders, whom Egremont befriends while concealing his real name and social position. During visits to Gerard under an assumed name, Egremont falls for the beautiful and saintly Sybil, Gerardโs daughter, but she rejects him when his true identity is exposed. Sybil subsequently undergoes many difficult trials as the peopleโs movement develops and comes into conflict with the authorities.
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- Author: Benjamin Disraeli
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A crowd of women had collected. There was Mistress Page and Mistress Prance, old Dame Toddles and Mrs. Mullins, Liza Gray and the comely dame who was so fond of society that she liked even a riot.
โMaster Joseph they say has gone to the North,โ said the comely dame.
โI wonder if old Diggs is at home?โ said Mrs. Mullins.
โHe wonโt show, Iโll be sworn,โ said old Dame Toddles.
โHere are the Hellcats,โ said the comely dame. โWell I do declare they march like reglars; two, four, six, twelve; a good score at the least.โ
The Hellcats briskly marched up to the elm-trees that shaded the canal before the house, and then formed in line opposite to it. They were armed with bludgeons, crowbars, and hammers. Tummas was at the head and by his side his Wodgate wife. Stepping forth alone, amid the cheering of the crowd of women, the pupil of the Bishop advanced to the door of Diggsโ house, gave a loud knock and a louder ring. He waited patiently for several minutes; there was no reply from the interior, and then Tummas knocked and rang again.
โItโs very awful,โ said the comely dame.
โItโs what I always dreamt would come to pass,โ said Liza Gray, โever since Master Joseph cut my poor baby over the eye with his three foot rule.โ
โI think there can be nobody within,โ said Mrs. Prance.
โOld Diggs would never leave the tommy without a guard,โ said Mrs. Page.
โNow lads,โ said Tummas looking round him and making a sign, and immediately some half dozen advanced with their crowbars and were about to strike at the door, when a window in the upper story of the house opened and the muzzle of a blunderbuss was presented at the assailants.
The women all screamed and ran away.
โโโTwas Master Joseph,โ said the comely dame halting to regain her breath.
โโโTwas Master Joseph,โ sighed Mrs. Page.
โโโTwas Master Joseph,โ moaned Mrs. Prance.
โSure enough,โ said Mrs. Mullins, โI saw his ugly face.โ
โMore frightful than the great gun,โ said old Dame Toddles.
โI hope the children will get out of the way,โ said Liza Gray, โfor he is sure to fire on them.โ
In the meantime, while Master Joseph himself was content with his position and said not a word, a benignant countenance exhibited itself at the window and requested in a mild voice to know, โWhat his good friends wanted there?โ
โWe have come to settle Sam Barlowโs tommy book,โ said their leader.
โOur shop is not open today, my good friends: the account can stand over; far be it from me to press the poor.โ
โMaster Diggs,โ said a Hellcat, โcanst thou tell us the price of bacon today?โ
โWell, good bacon,โ said the elder Diggs willing to humour them, โmay be eightpence a-pound.โ
โThou are wrong, Master Diggs,โ said the Hellcat, โโโtis fourpence and long credit. Let us see half a dozen good flitches at fourpence, Master Diggs; and be quick.โ
There was evidently some controversy in the interior as to the course at this moment to be pursued. Master Joseph remonstrated against the policy of concession, called conciliation, which his father would fain follow, and was for instant coercion; but age and experience carried the day, and in a few minutes some flitches were thrown out of the window to the Hellcats who received the booty with a cheer.
The women returned.
โโโTis the tenpence a-pound flitch,โ said the comely dame examining the prize with a sparkling glance.
โI have paid as much for very green stuff,โ said Mrs. Mullins.
โAnd now Master Diggs,โ said Tummas, โwhat is the price of the best tea a-pound? We be good customers, and mean to treat our wives and sweethearts here. I think we must order half a chest.โ
This time there was a greater delay in complying with the gentle hint; but the Hellcats getting obstreperous, the tea was at length furnished and divided among the women. This gracious office devolved on the wife of Tummas who soon found herself assisted by a spontaneous committee of which the comely dame was the most prominent and active member. Nothing could be more considerate, good-natured, and officious, than the mode and spirit with which she divided the stores. The flitches were cut up and apportioned in like manner. The scene was as gay and hustling as a fair.
โItโs as good as a grand tommy day,โ said the comely dame with a self-complacent smile as she strutted about smiling and dispensing patronage.
The orders for bacon and tea were followed by a very popular demand for cheese. The female committee received all the plunder and were very active in its distribution. At length a rumour got about that Master Joseph was entering the names of all present in the tommy books, so that eventually the score might be satisfied. The mob had now very much increased. There was a panic among the women, and indignation among the men: a Hellcat advanced and announced that unless the tommy books were all given up to be burnt, they would pull down the house. There was no reply: some of the Hellcats advanced; the women cheered; a crowbar fell upon the door; Master Joseph fired, wounded a woman and killed a child.
There rose one of those universal shrieks of wild passion which announce that men have discarded all the trammels of civilization, and found in their licentious rage new and unforseen sources of power and vengeance. Where it came from, how it was obtained, who prompted the thought, who first accomplished it, were alike impossible to trace; but as it were in a moment, a number of trusses of straw were piled up before the house and set on fire, the gates of the timber-yard were forced, and a quantity of scantlings and battens soon fed the flame. Everything indeed that could stimulate the fire was employed; and every one was occupied in
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