Psychic Phenomena by Edward T. Bennett (historical books to read TXT) ๐
One selection is now given from the Minutes of this Sub-Committee, illustrating the nature of the Evidence that came before them:--
"EXPERIMENT XXXVIII., Dec. 28th [1869].--Eight members present. Phenomena: Rapping sounds from the table and floor, and movements of the table, with and without contact. The alphabet was repeated, and the following letters were rapped: 'A bad circle--want of harmony.' At the letter f, the table tilted three times, and at the letters a, r, gave several forcible horizontal movements, tilting at either end.
"Raps, with slight tiltings of the table, beating time to the measure of a song. Two or three poems were recited, to the measure of which there were loud raps from the table and floor, and the table also marked the metre by various horizontal movements and tiltings.
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"Figures, one is sometimes told, can be made to prove anything; but I confess I should be curious to see the figures by which the theory of chance-coincidence could here be proved adequate to the facts. Whatever group of phenomena be selected, and whatever method of reckoning be adopted, probabilities are hopelessly and even ludicrously overpassed."[77]
This is the conclusion referred to above by Professor Sidgwick. With exclusively physical phenomena Mr. Gurney did not much concern himself.
The last of the five names mentioned is that of Mr F. W. H. Myers. The written testimony he has left behind enables us to obtain a much clearer view of his conclusions as a whole, than is attainable in the case of Professor Sidgwick and Mr. Gurney. The convictions which he came to in regard to the two most notable "mediums" in the history of modern spiritualismโD. D. Home and W. Stainton Mosesโare evidence that he believed in most of the alleged phenomena being proved realities. These convictions are so important from such a careful and competent student of the subject that it is best to quote them in his own words. Of D. D. Home he said: "If our readers ask usโ'Do you desire us to go on experimenting in these matters, as though Home's phenomena were genuine?'โwe answer 'Yes.'"[78] Of the phenomena which occurred in the presence of W. Stainton Moses, Mr. Myers said: "That they were not produced fraudulently by Dr. Speer or other sitters I regard as proved both by moral considerations and by the fact that they are constantly reported as occurring when Mr. Moses was alone. That Mr. Moses should have himself fraudulently produced them, I regard as both morally and physically incredible. That he should have prepared and produced them in a state of trance, I regard both as physically incredible, and also as entirely inconsistent with the tenour both of his own reports and of those of his friends. I therefore regard the reported phenomena as having actually occurred in a genuinely supernormal manner."[79]
At the same time Mr. Myers believed in the existence of a large amount of conscious and wilful fraud, especially in professional mediumship.
There will be no fitter conclusion to this volume than a few passages from the last chapter, entitled "Epilogue," of "Human Personality," by Mr. F. W. H. Myers. To a large extent they are appropriate to the evidence presented in the preceding pages.
"The task which I proposed to myself at the beginning of this work, is now, after a fashion, accomplished. Following the successive steps of my programme, I have presentedโnot indeed all the evidence I possess, and which I would willingly presentโbut enough at least to illustrate a continuous exposition.... Such wider generalisations as I may now add, must needs be dangerously speculative; they must run the risk of alienating still further from this research many of the scientific minds which I am most anxious to influence....
"The inquiry falls between the two stools of religion and science; it cannot claim support either from the 'religious world' or from the Royal Society. Yet even apart from the instinct of pure scientific curiosity (which surely has seldom seen such a field opening before it), the mighty issues depending on these phenomena ought, I think, to constitute in themselves a strong, an exceptional appeal. I desire in this book to emphasise that appeal; not only to produce conviction, but also to attract co-operation. And actual converse with many persons has led me to believe that in order to attract such help, even from scientific men, some general view of the moral upshot of all the phenomena is needed.... The time is ripe for a study of unseen things as strenuous and sincere as that which Science has made familiar for the problems of earth."
Coming now to more definite considerations, Mr. Myers writes thus of Telepathy, lifting it on to an altogether higher plane: "In the infinite Universe man may now feel, for the first time, at home. The worst fear is over; the true security is won. The worst fear was the fear of spiritual extinction or spiritual solitude. The true security is in the telepathic law. Let me draw out my meaning at somewhat greater length. As we have dwelt successively on various aspects of Telepathy we have gradually felt the conception enlarge and deepen under our study. It began as a quasi-mechanical transference of ideas and images from one to another brain." This is illustrated by the series of Thought-Transference Drawings; almost the only telepathic manifestation which strictly comes within the scope of our inquiry into physical phenomena. "Presently we find it assuming a more varied and potent form, as though it were the veritable influence or invasion of a distant mind. Again, its action was traced across a gulf greater than any space of earth or ocean, and it bridged the interval between spirits incarnate and discarnate, between the visible and the invisible world. There seemed no limit to the distance of its operation, or to the intimacy of its appeal....
"Love ... is no matter of carnal impulse or of emotional caprice.... Love is a kind of exalted but unspecialised Telepathy;โthe simplest and most universal expression of that mutual gravitation or kinship of spirits which is the foundation of the telepathic law. This is the answer to the ancient fear; the fear lest man's fellowships be the outward, and his solitude the inward thing.... Such fears vanish when we learn that it is the soul in man which links him with other souls; the body which dissevers even while it seems to unite.... Like atoms, like suns, like galaxies, our spirits are systems of forces which vibrate continually to each other's attractive power."
For the further working out of these thoughts the reader must be referred to Mr. Myers' book itself. After a few pages Mr. Myers proceeds:โ
"Our duty [the duty of Psychical Researchers] is not the founding of a new sect, nor even the establishment of a new science, but is rather the expansion of Science herself until she can satisfy those questions, which the human heart will rightly ask, but to which Religion alone has thus far attempted an answer.... I see our original programme completely justified.... I see all things coming to pass as we foresaw. What I do not see, alas! is an energy and capacity of our own, sufficient for our widening duty.... We invite workers from each department of science, from every school of thought. With equal confidence we appeal for co-operation to savant and to saint.
"To the savant we point out that we are not trying to pick holes in the order of Nature, but rather by the scrutiny of residual phenomena, to get nearer to the origin and operation of Nature's central mystery of Life. Men who realise that the ethereal environment was discovered yesterday, need not deem it impossible that a metethereal environmentโyet another omnipresent system of cosmic lawโshould be discovered to-morrow. The only valid a priori presumption in the matter, is the presumption that the Universe is infinite in an infinite number of ways.
"To the Christian we can speak with a still more direct appeal. You believeโI would sayโthat a spiritual world exists, and that it acted on the material world two thousand years ago. Surely it is so acting still. Nay, you believe that it is so acting still, for you believe that prayer is heard and answered. To believe that prayer is heard is to believe in Telepathyโin the direct influence of mind on mind. To believe that prayer is answered is to believe that unembodied spirit does actually modify (even if not storm-cloud or plague-germ) at least the minds, and therefore the brains, of living men. From that belief the most advanced 'psychical' theories are easy corollaries."
A few more lines in conclusion:โ
"It may be that for some generations to come the truest faith will lie in the patient attempt to unravel from confused phenomena some trace of the supernal world;โto find thus at last 'the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.' I confess, indeed, that I have often felt as though this present age were even unduly favoured;โas though no future revelation and calm could equal the joy of this great struggle from doubt into certainty;โfrom the materialism or agnosticism which accompany the first advance of Science into the deeper scientific conviction that there is a deathless soul in man. I can imagine no other crisis of such deep delight."
[66] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 252.
[67] The references to these contributions are: Proceedings S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 98-127; Journal S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 341-345, and vol. ix. pp. 147-148; Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xiv. pp. 2-5. "Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism" will be found in the Libraries of the Society for Psychical Research, and of the London Spiritualist Alliance.
[68] "School Teaching and School Reform," by Sir Oliver Lodge, pp. 89, 90.
[69] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xviii. p. 419.
[70] See "Hypnotism: Its History, Practice, and Theory," by J. Milne Bramwell, M.B., C.M., 1903, pp. 36-39.
[71] Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 108-109.
[72] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xiv. p. 3.
[73] Ibid., Part XLVIII., 1s. (included in vol. xviii. pp. 323-351).
[74] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xviii. pp. 340-341.
[75] Ibid., vol. vi. p. 5.
[76] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. x. p. 394.
[77] "Phantasms of the Living," vol. ii. p. 21.
[78] Journal S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 115.
[79] Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 24-25.
THE END Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson, & Co.Edinburgh & London
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