William Congreveās comedy The Way of the World was first performed in 1700 at the theatre in Lincolnās Inn Fields, London. It was not well received, and as a result Congreve vowed never to write for the stage againāa vow he kept. Nonetheless the comedy was printed in the same year and has come to be regarded as the authorās masterpiece, a classic of Restoration drama.
In a world still reacting against the puritanism of Cromwell and the Commonwealth, Restoration drama had slowly transitioned from celebrating the licentiousness and opulence of the newly returned court to the more thoughtful and refined comedy of manners that was to dominate the English stage of 18th century. In one way Congreveās The Way of the World is the last (and best) of its type, and in another way, it is the forerunner of a style that is echoed even now.
The play centers on the love affair of Mirabell and Millamant who are prevented from marrying by a number of obstacles, not the least of which is Mirabellās past dalliance with Millamantās auntās affections. Intricate, witty, and amusing, the comedy nevertheless concludes with no clear heroes or heroinesāone of the things that makes it such an incisive portrait of human experience and an enduring example of its type.
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come in. These articles subscribed, if I continue to endure you a little longer, I may by degrees dwindle into a wife.
Mirabell
Your bill of fare is something advanced in this latter account.ā āWell, have I liberty to offer conditionsā āthat when you are dwindled into a wife, I may not be beyond measure enlarged into a husband?
Mrs. Millamant
You have free leave: propose your utmost, speak and spare not.
Mirabell
I thank you.ā āImprimis, then, I covenant that your acquaintance be general; that you admit no sworn confidant or intimate of your own sex; no she friend to screen her affairs under your countenance, and tempt you to make trial of a mutual secrecy. No decoy-duck to wheedle you a fop-scrambling to the play in a maskā āthen bring you home in a pretended fright, when you think you shall be found outā āand rail at me for missing the play, and disappointing the frolic which you had to pick me up and prove my constancy.
Mrs. Millamant
Detestable imprimis! I go to the play in a mask!
Mirabell
Item, I article, that you continue to like your own face as long as I shall, and while it passes current with me, that you endeavour not to new coin it. To which end, together with all vizards for the day, I prohibit all masks for the night, made of oiled skins and I know not whatā āhogās bones, hareās gall, pig water, and the marrow of a roasted cat.79 In short, I forbid all commerce with the gentlewomen in what-dāye-call-it court. Item, I shut my doors against all bawds with baskets, and pennyworths of muslin, china, fans, atlases, etc.ā āItem, when you shall be breedingā ā
Mrs. Millamant
Ah, name it not.
Mirabell
Which may be presumed, with a blessing on our endeavoursā ā
Mrs. Millamant
Odious endeavours!
Mirabell
I denounce against all strait lacing, squeezing for a shape, till you mould my boyās head like a sugar-loaf, and instead of a man-child, make me father to a crooked billet. Lastly, to the dominion of the tea-table I submitā ābut with proviso, that you exceed not in your province, but restrain yourself to native and simple tea-table drinks, as tea, chocolate, and coffee. As likewise to genuine and authorised tea-table talkā āsuch as mending of fashions, spoiling reputations, railing at absent friends, and so forthā ābut that on no account you encroach upon the menās prerogative, and presume to drink healths, or toast fellows; for prevention of which, I banish all foreign forces, all auxiliaries to the tea-table, as orange-brandy, all aniseed, cinnamon, citron, and Barbados waters,80 together with ratafia and the most noble spirit of claryā ābut for cowslip-wine, poppy-water, and all dormitives, those I allow.ā āThese provisos admitted, in other things I may prove a tractable and complying husband.
Mrs. Millamant
Oh, horrid provisos! Filthy strong waters! I toast fellows, odious men! I hate your odious provisos.
Mirabell
Then weāre agreed. Shall I kiss your hand upon the contract? And here comes one to be a witness to the sealing of the deed.
Enter Mrs. Fainall.
Mrs. Millamant
Fainall, what shall I do? Shall I have him? I think I must have him.
Mrs. Fainall
Aye, aye, take him, take him, what should you do?
Mrs. Millamant
Well thenā āIāll take my death Iām in a horrid frightā āFainall, I shall never say itā āwellā āI thinkā āIāll endure you.
Mrs. Fainall
Fie, fie, have him, and tell him so in plain terms: for I am sure you have a mind to him.
Mrs. Millamant
Are you? I think I haveā āand the horrid man looks as if he thought so tooā āwell, you ridiculous thing you, Iāll have youā āI wonāt be kissed, nor I wonāt be thankedā āhere, kiss my hand though.ā āSo, hold your tongue now, donāt say a word.
Mrs. Fainall
Mirabell, thereās a necessity for your obedience: you have neither time to talk nor stay. My mother is coming; and in my conscience if she should see you, would fall into fits, and maybe not recover time enough to return to Sir Rowland, who, as Foible tells me, is in a fair way to succeed. Therefore spare your ecstasies for another occasion, and slip down the back stairs, where Foible waits to consult you.
Mrs. Millamant
Aye, go, go. In the meantime I suppose you have said something to please me.
Mirabell
I am all obedience.
Exit.
Mrs. Fainall
Yonder Sir Wilfullās drunk, and so noisy that my mother has been forced to leave Sir Rowland to appease him; but he answers her only with singing and drinkingā āwhat they may have done by this time I know not, but Petulant and he were upon quarrelling as I came by.
Mrs. Millamant
Well, if Mirabell should not make a good husband, I am a lost thing: for I find I love him violently.
Mrs. Fainall
So it seems; for you mind not whatās said to you.ā āIf you doubt him, you had best take up with Sir Wilfull.
Mrs. Millamant
How can you name that superannuated lubber? foh!
Enter Witwoud.
Mrs. Fainall
So, is the fray made up that you have left āem?
Witwoud
Left āem? I could stay no longerā āI have laughed like ten Christānings. I am tipsy with laughingā āif I had stayed any longer I should have burstā āI must have been let out and pieced in the sides like an unsized camlet.81 Yes, yes, the fray is composed; my lady came in like a noli prosequi,82 and stopped the proceedings.
Mrs. Millamant
What was the dispute?
Witwoud
Thatās the jest: there was no dispute. They could neither of āem speak for rage; and so fell a sputtering at one another like two roasting apples.
Enter Petulant, drunk.
Witwoud
Now, Petulant? Allās over, allās well? Gad, my head begins to whim it aboutā āwhy dost thou not speak? Thou art both as drunk and as mute as a fish.
Petulant
Look you, Mrs. Millamantā āif you can love me, dear Nymphā āsay itā āand thatās the conclusionā āpass on, or pass offā āthatās all.
Witwoud
Thou hast uttered volumes, folios, in less than decimo sexto, my dear Lacedemonian.83 Sirrah, Petulant, thou art an epitomizer of words.
Petulant
Witwoudā āyou are an annihilator of sense.
Witwoud
Thou art
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