Father Goriot by HonorĂ© de Balzac (books to read for beginners txt) đ
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Father Goriot, today considered one of Balzacâs most important works, is part of his novel sequence The Human Comedy. Itâs the first of Balzacâs novels to feature recurring characters, a technique that he famously developed in his subsequent novels.
Set in Paris during the Bourbon Restoration of the early 1800s, Father Goriot follows EugĂšne de Rastignac, a student born to noble roots but little means, as he tries to climb the social ladder in Paris. The impoverished Goriot is staying at the same boardinghouse as Rastignacâand Rastignac sees opportunity in Goriotâs richly-married and elegant daughters.
The novel has been widely praised for its realist portrayal of Parisian life of various social classes, and its deep influence on French literature is still felt today. While it had chapter breaks when it was initially serialized, Balzac removed them when compiling his definitive edition of The Human Comedy, a change that is preserved in this edition.
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- Author: Honoré de Balzac
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He tapped his heart, smiled in answer to his cousinâs smile, and went.
It was five oâclock, and EugĂšne was hungry; he was afraid lest he should not be in time for dinner, a misgiving which made him feel that it was pleasant to be borne so quickly across Paris. This sensation of physical comfort left his mind free to grapple with the thoughts that assailed him. A mortification usually sends a young man of his age into a furious rage; he shakes his fist at society, and vows vengeance when his belief in himself is shaken. Just then Rastignac was overwhelmed by the words, âYou have shut the Countessâ door against you.â
âI shall call!â he said to himself, âand if Mme. de BeausĂ©ant is right, if I never find her at homeâ âIâ ââ ⊠well, Mme. de Restaud shall meet me in every salon in Paris. I will learn to fence and have some pistol practice, and kill that Maxime of hers!â
âAnd money?â cried an inward monitor. âHow about money, where is that to come from?â And all at once the wealth displayed in the Countess de Restaudâs drawing-room rose before his eyes. That was the luxury which Goriotâs daughter had loved too well, the gilding, the ostentatious splendor, the unintelligent luxury of the parvenu, the riotous extravagance of a courtesan. Then the attractive vision suddenly went under an eclipse as he remembered the stately grandeur of the HĂŽtel de BeausĂ©ant. As his fancy wandered among these lofty regions in the great world of Paris, innumerable dark thoughts gathered in his heart; his ideas widened, and his conscience grew more elastic. He saw the world as it is; saw how the rich lived beyond the jurisdiction of law and public opinion, and found in success the ultima ratio mundi.
âVautrin is right, success is virtue!â he said to himself.
Arrived in the Rue Neuve-Sainte-GeneviĂšve, he rushed up to his room for ten francs wherewith to satisfy the demands of the cabman, and went in to dinner. He glanced round the squalid room, saw the eighteen poverty-stricken creatures about to feed like cattle in their stalls, and the sight filled him with loathing. The transition was too sudden, and the contrast was so violent that it could not but act as a powerful stimulant; his ambition developed and grew beyond all social bounds. On the one hand, he beheld a vision of social life in its most charming and refined forms, of quick-pulsed youth, of fair, impassioned faces invested with all the charm of poetry, framed in a marvelous setting of luxury or art; and, on the other hand, he saw a sombre picture, the miry verge beyond these faces, in which passion was extinct and nothing was left of the drama but the cords and pulleys and bare mechanism. Mme. de BeausĂ©antâs counsels, the words uttered in anger by the forsaken lady, her petulant offer, came to his mind, and poverty was a ready expositor. Rastignac determined to open two parallel trenches so as to insure success; he would be a learned doctor of law and a man of fashion. Clearly he was still a child! Those two lines are asymptotes, and will never meet.
âYou are very dull, my lord Marquis,â said Vautrin, with one of the shrewd glances that seem to read the innermost secrets of another mind.
âI am not in the humor to stand jokes from people who call me âmy lord Marquis,âââ answered EugĂšne. âA marquis here in Paris, if he is not the veriest sham, ought to have a hundred thousand livres a year at least; and a lodger in the Maison Vauquer is not exactly Fortuneâs favorite.â
Vautrinâs glance at Rastignac was half-paternal, half-contemptuous. âPuppy!â it seemed to say; âI should make one mouthful of him!â Then he answered:
âYou are in a bad humor; perhaps your visit to the beautiful Comtesse de Restaud was not a success.â
âShe has shut her door against me because I told her that her father dined at our table,â cried Rastignac.
Glances were exchanged all round the room; Father Goriot looked down.
âYou have sent some snuff into my eye,â he said to his neighbor, turning a little aside to rub his hand over his face.
âAnyone who molests Father Goriot will have henceforward to reckon with me,â said EugĂšne, looking at the old manâs neighbor; âhe is worth all the rest of us put together.â âI am not speaking of the ladies,â he added, turning in the direction of Mlle. Taillefer.
EugĂšneâs remarks produced a sensation, and his tone silenced the dinner-table. Vautrin alone spoke. âIf you are going to champion Father Goriot, and set up for his responsible editor into the bargain, you had need be a crack shot and know how to handle the foils,â he said, banteringly.
âSo I intend,â said EugĂšne.
âThen you are taking the field today?â
âPerhaps,â Rastignac answered. âBut I owe no account of myself to anyone, especially as I do not try to find out what other people do of a night.â
Vautrin looked askance at Rastignac.
âIf you do not mean to be deceived by the puppets, my boy, you must go behind and see the whole show, and not peep through holes in the curtain. That is enough,â he added, seeing that EugĂšne was about to fly into a passion. âWe can have a little talk whenever you like.â
There was a general feeling of gloom and constraint. Father Goriot was so deeply dejected by the studentâs remark that he did not notice the change in the disposition of his fellow-lodgers, nor know that he had met with a champion capable of putting an end to the persecution.
âThen, M. Goriot sitting there is the father of a countess,â said Mme. Vauquer in a low voice.
âAnd of a baroness,â answered Rastignac.
âThat is about all he is capable of,â said Bianchon to Rastignac; âI have taken a look at his head; there is only one bumpâ âthe bump of Paternity; he must be an eternal father.â
EugĂšne was too intent on his thoughts to laugh at Bianchonâs joke. He determined to
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