The 2008 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency (ebook reader 8 inch .txt) π
Concise descriptions of the major religions mentioned in the Factbookhave been added to the Notes and Definitions. France 's redesignationof some of its overseas possessions caused the five former Indian Oceanisland possessions making up Iles Eparses to be incorporated into theFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands, while two new Caribbean entities,St. Barthelemy and St. Martin, were created.
Revision of some individual country maps, first introduced in the 2001edition, is continued in this edition. The revised maps includeelevation extremes and a partial geographic grid. Several regional mapshave also been updated to reflect boundary changes and place namespelling changes.
Abbreviations: This information is included in Appendix A:Abbreviations, which includes all abbreviations and acronyms used inthe Factbook, with their expansions.
Acronyms: An acronym is an abbreviation coined from the initial letterof each
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per capita: 723 cu m/yr (1998)
Jamaica
total: 0.41 cu km/yr (34%/17%/49%)
per capita: 155 cu m/yr (2000)
Japan
total: 88.43 cu km/yr (20%/18%/62%)
per capita: 690 cu m/yr (2000)
Jordan
total: 1.01 cu km/yr (21%/4%/75%)
per capita: 177 cu m/yr (2000)
Kazakhstan
total: 35 cu km/yr (2%/17%/82%)
per capita: 2,360 cu m/yr (2000)
Kenya
total: 1.58 cu km/yr (30%/6%/64%)
per capita: 46 cu m/yr (2000)
Korea, North
total: 9.02 cu km/yr (20%/25%/55%)
per capita: 401 cu m/yr (2000)
Korea, South
total: 18.59 cu km/yr (36%/16%/48%)
per capita: 389 cu m/yr (2000)
Kuwait
total: 0.44 cu km/yr (45%/2%/52%)
per capita: 164 cu m/yr (2000)
Kyrgyzstan
total: 10.08 cu km/yr (3%/3%/94%)
per capita: 1,916 cu m/yr (2000)
Laos
total: 3 cu km/yr (4%/6%/90%)
per capita: 507 cu m/yr (2000)
Latvia
total: 0.25 cu km/yr (55%/33%/12%)
per capita: 108 cu m/yr (2003)
Lebanon
total: 1.38 cu km/yr (33%/1%/67%)
per capita: 385 cu m/yr (2000)
Lesotho
total: 0.05 cu km/yr (40%/40%/20%)
per capita: 28 cu m/yr (2000)
Liberia
total: 0.11 cu km/yr (27%/18%/55%)
per capita: 34 cu m/yr (2000)
Libya
total: 4.27 cu km/yr (14%/3%/83%)
per capita: 730 cu m/yr (2000)
Lithuania
total: 3.33 cu km/yr (78%/15%/7%)
per capita: 971 cu m/yr (2003)
Luxembourg
total: 0.06 cu km/yr (42%/45%/13%)
per capita: 121 cu m/yr (1999)
Macedonia
total: 2.27
per capita: 1,118 cu m/yr (2000)
Madagascar
total: 14.96 cu km/yr (3%/2%/96%)
per capita: 804 cu m/yr (2000)
Malawi
total: 1.01 cu km/yr (15%/5%/80%)
per capita: 78 cu m/yr (2000)
Malaysia
total: 9.02 cu km/yr (17%/21%/62%)
per capita: 356 cu m/yr (2000)
Maldives
total: 0.003 cu km/yr (98%/2%/0%)
per capita: 9 cu m/yr (1987)
Mali
total: 6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)
per capita: 484 cu m/yr (2000)
Malta
total: 0.02 cu km/yr (74%/1%/25%)
per capita: 50 cu m/yr (2000)
Mauritania
total: 1.7 cu km/yr (9%/3%/88%)
per capita: 554 cu m/yr (2000)
Mauritius
total: 0.61 cu km/yr (25%/14%/60%)
per capita: 488 cu m/yr (2000)
Mexico
total: 78.22 cu km/yr (17%/5%/77%)
per capita: 731 cu m/yr (2000)
Moldova
total: 2.31 cu km/yr (10%/58%/33%)
per capita: 549 cu m/yr (2000)
Mongolia
total: 0.44 cu km/yr (20%/27%/52%)
per capita: 166 cu m/yr (2000)
Morocco
total: 12.6 cu km/yr (10%/3%/87%)
per capita: 400 cu m/yr (2000)
Mozambique
total: 0.63 cu km/yr (11%/2%/87%)
per capita: 32 cu m/yr (2000)
Namibia
total: 0.3 cu km/yr (24%/5%/71%)
per capita: 148 cu m/yr (2000)
Nepal
total: 10.18 cu km/yr (3%/1%/96%)
per capita: 375 cu m/yr (2000)
Netherlands
total: 8.86 cu km/yr (6%/60%/34%)
per capita: 544 cu m/yr (2001)
New Zealand
total: 2.11 cu km/yr (48%/9%/42%)
per capita: 524 cu m/yr (2000)
Nicaragua
total: 1.3 cu km/yr (15%/2%/83%)
per capita: 237 cu m/yr (2000)
Niger
total: 2.18 cu km/yr (4%/0%/95%)
per capita: 156 cu m/yr (2000)
Nigeria
total: 8.01 cu km/yr (21%/10%/69%)
per capita: 61 cu m/yr (2000)
Norway
total: 2.4 cu km/yr (23%/67%/10%)
per capita: 519 cu m/yr (1996)
Oman
total: 1.36 cu km/yr (7%/2%/90%)
per capita: 529 cu m/yr (2000)
Pakistan
total: 169.39 cu km/yr (2%/2%/96%)
per capita: 1,072 cu m/yr (2000)
Panama
total: 0.82 cu km/yr (67%/5%/28%)
per capita: 254 cu m/yr (2000)
Papua New Guinea
total: 0.1 cu km/yr (56%/43%/1%)
per capita: 17 cu m/yr (1987)
Paraguay
total: 0.49 cu km/yr (20%/8%/71%)
per capita: 80 cu m/yr (2000)
Peru
total: 20.13 cu km/yr (8%/10%/82%)
per capita: 720 cu m/yr (2000)
Philippines
total: 28.52 cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%)
per capita: 343 cu m/yr (2000)
Poland
total: 11.73 cu km/yr (13%/79%/8%)
per capita: 304 cu m/yr (2002)
Portugal
total: 11.09 cu km/yr (10%/12%/78%)
per capita: 1,056 cu m/yr (1998)
Qatar
total: 0.29 cu km/yr (24%/3%/72%)
per capita: 358 cu m/yr (2000)
Romania
total: 6.5 cu km/yr (9%/34%/57%)
per capita: 299 cu m/yr (2003)
Russia
total: 76.68 cu km/yr (19%/63%/18%)
per capita: 535 cu m/yr (2000)
Rwanda
total: 0.15 cu km/yr (24%/8%/68%)
per capita: 17 cu m/yr (2000)
Saint Lucia
total: 0.01
per capita: 81 cu m/yr (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 0.01
per capita: 83 cu m/yr (1995)
Saudi Arabia
total: 17.32 cu km/yr (10%/1%/89%)
per capita: 705 cu m/yr (2000)
Senegal
total: 2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)
per capita: 190 cu m/yr (2002)
Sierra Leone
total: 0.38 cu km/yr (5%/3%/92%)
per capita: 69 cu m/yr (2000)
Singapore
total: 0.19 cu km/yr (45%/51%/4%)
per capita: 44 cu m/yr (1975)
Slovakia
total: 1.04
per capita: 193 cu m/yr (2003)
Slovenia
total: 0.9
per capita: 457 cu m/yr (2002)
Somalia
total: 3.29 cu km/yr (0%/0%/100%)
per capita: 400 cu m/yr (2000)
South Africa
total: 12.5 cu km/yr (31%/6%/63%)
per capita: 264 cu m/yr (2000)
Spain
total: 37.22 cu km/yr (13%/19%/68%)
per capita: 864 cu m/yr (2002)
Sri Lanka
total: 12.61 cu km/yr (2%/2%/95%)
per capita: 608 cu m/yr (2000)
Sudan
total: 37.32 cu km/yr (3%/1%/97%)
per capita: 1,030 cu m/yr (2000)
Suriname
total: 0.67 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)
per capita: 1,489 cu m/yr (2000)
Swaziland
total: 1.04 cu km/yr (2%/1%/97%)
per capita: 1,010 cu m/yr (2000)
Sweden
total: 2.68 cu km/yr (37%/54%/9%)
per capita: 296 cu m/yr (2002)
Switzerland
total: 2.52 cu km/yr (24%/74%/2%)
per capita: 348 cu m/yr (2002)
Syria
total: 19.95 cu km/yr (3%/2%/95%)
per capita: 1,048 cu m/yr (2000)
Tajikistan
total: 11.96 cu km/yr (4%/5%/92%)
per capita: 1,837 cu m/yr (2000)
Tanzania
total: 5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)
per capita: 135 cu m/yr (2000)
Thailand
total: 82.75 cu km/yr (2%/2%/95%)
per capita: 1,288 cu m/yr (2000)
Togo
total: 0.17 cu km/yr (53%/2%/45%)
per capita: 28 cu m/yr (2000)
Trinidad and Tobago
total: 0.31 cu km/yr (68%/26%/6%)
per capita: 237 cu m/yr (2000)
Tunisia
total: 2.64 cu km/yr (14%/4%/82%)
per capita: 261 cu m/yr (2000)
Turkey
total: 39.78 cu km/yr (15%/11%/74%)
per capita: 544 cu m/yr (2001)
Turkmenistan
total: 24.65 cu km/yr (2%/1%/98%)
per capita: 5,104 cu m/yr (2000)
Uganda
total: 0.3 cu km/yr (43%/17%/40%)
per capita: 10 cu m/yr (2002)
Ukraine
total: 37.53 cu km/yr (12%/35%/52%)
per capita: 807 cu m/yr (2000)
United Arab Emirates
total: 2.3 cu km/yr (23%/9%/68%)
per capita: 511 cu m/yr (2000)
United Kingdom
total: 11.75 cu km/yr (22%/75%/3%)
per capita: 197 cu m/yr (1994)
United States
total: 477 cu km/yr (13%/46%/41%)
per capita: 1,600 cu m/yr (2000)
Uruguay
total: 3.15 cu km/yr (2%/1%/96%)
per capita: 910 cu m/yr (2000)
Uzbekistan
total: 58.34 cu km/yr (5%/2%/93%)
per capita: 2,194 cu m/yr (2000)
Venezuela
total: 8.37 cu km/yr (6%/7%/47%)
per capita: 313 cu m/yr (2000)
Vietnam
total: 71.39 cu km/yr (8%/24%/68%)
per capita: 847 cu m/yr (2000)
Yemen
total: 6.63 cu km/yr (4%/1%/95%)
per capita: 316 cu m/yr (2000)
Zambia
total: 1.74 cu km/yr (17%/7%/76%)
per capita: 149 cu m/yr (2000)
Zimbabwe
total: 4.21 cu km/yr (14%/7%/79%)
per capita: 324 cu m/yr (2002)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2203 Geographic overview
World
The surface of the earth is approximately 70.9% water and
29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large water bodies
termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five
oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean,
Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.
The land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete
landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the
number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common
classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to
smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica,
Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together
into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents.
Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as
simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five,
if the Eurasia designation is used).
North America is commonly understood to include the island of
Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the
way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is
generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on
the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus
Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Africa's northeast
extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for
geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often
included as part of Africa. Asia usually incorporates all the
islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of
the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a "land mass"
termed Oceania or Australasia.
Although the above groupings are the most common, different
continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts
of the world, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural
spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2204 Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots
Cyprus
Economy - overview: The Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly
30% of the per capita GDP of the south, and economic growth tends to
be volatile, given the north's relative isolation, bloated public
sector, reliance on the Turkish lira, and small market size.
Agriculture and services, together, employ more than half of the
work force. The Turkish Cypriot economy grew around 10.6% in 2006,
fueled by growth in the construction and education sectors, as well
as increased employment of Turkish Cypriots in the area under
government control. GDP declined about 2.0% in 2007. The Turkish
Cypriots are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish
Government. Ankara directly finances around one-third of the
"TRNC's" budget. Aid from Turkey has exceeded $400 million annually
in recent years.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.865 billion (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -2% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita: $11,800 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 8.6%, industry: 22.5%,
services: 69.1% (2006 est.)
Labor force: 95,030 (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%,
services: 56.5% (2004)
Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line: %NA
Inflation rate: 11.4% (2006)
Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)
Agriculture - products: citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes,
olives, poultry, lamb
Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay,
gypsum, copper, furniture
Industrial production growth rate: -0.3% (2007 est.)
Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005)
Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Export - commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles
Export - partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area
administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government
control remains limited
Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Import - commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals,
chemicals, machinery
Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area
administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government
control remains limited
Economic aid - recipient: under a July 2006 agreement, Turkey plans
to provide the area administered by Turkish Cypriots 1.875 billion
YTL ($1.3 billion) over three years (600 million YTL in 2006, 625
million YTL in 2007 and 650 million YTL in 2008); Turkey has
forgiven most past aid; additionally, the EU pledged financial
assistance of Euro 259 million ($388 million) in 2004, which is yet
to be disbursed.
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $NA
Debt - external: $NA
Currency (code): Turkish new lira (YTL)
Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.319 (2007) 1.4286
(2006) 1.3436 (2005) 1.4255 (2004) 1.5009 (2003)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2205 School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) (years)
Afghanistan
total: 8 years
male: 11 years
female: 4 years (2004)
Albania
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2004)
Algeria
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2005)
Andorra
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2006)
Anguilla
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2006)
Argentina
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2005)
Armenia
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2006)
Aruba
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Australia
total: 20 years
male: 20 years
female: 21 years (2006)
Austria
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2006)
Azerbaijan
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2006)
Bahrain
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2006)
Bangladesh
total: 8 years
male: 8 years
female: 8 years (2004)
Barbados
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2001)
Belarus
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2006)
Belgium
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 16 years (2006)
Belize
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2004)
Benin
total: 7 years
male: 9 years
female: 6 years (2001)
Bermuda
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2005)
Bhutan
total: 10 years
male: 11 years
female: 10 years (2006)
Botswana
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 12 years (2005)
Brazil
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2005)
British Virgin Islands
total: 17 years
male: 15 years
female: 19 years (2005)
Brunei
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Bulgaria
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Burkina Faso
total: 5 years
male: 5 years
female: 4 years (2006)
Burma
total: 8 years
male: 8 years
female: 8 years (2001)
Burundi
total: 7 years
male: 8 years
female: 7 years (2006)
Cambodia
total: 10 years
male: 10 years
female: 9 years (2006)
Cameroon
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2006)
Canada
total: 17 years
male: 17 years
female: 17 years (2004)
Cape Verde
total: 12 years
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2006)
Cayman Islands
total: 13 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2001)
Chad
total: 6 years
male: 7 years
female: 4 years (2005)
Chile
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2006)
China
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2006)
Colombia
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2006)
Comoros
total: 8 years
male: 9 years
female: 7 years (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2003)
Congo, Republic of the
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2003)
Cook Islands
total: 10 years
male: 10 years
female: 10 years (2005)
Costa Rica
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 12 years (2005)
Croatia
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Cuba
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2006)
Cyprus
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Czech Republic
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2006)
Denmark
total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female:
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