Sybil by Benjamin Disraeli (book recommendations website TXT) ๐
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Benjamin Disraeli was a remarkable historical figure. Born into a Jewish family, he converted to Anglican Christianity as a child. He is now almost certainly most famous for his political career. Becoming a member of the British Parliament at the age of 33, he initially rose to prominence within the Conservative (โToryโ) party because of his clashes with the then Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. Rising to lead the Conservative Party, Disraeli became Prime Minister for a short period in 1868, and then for an extended period between 1874 and 1880. He became friendly with Queen Victoria and was appointed Earl of Beaconsfield by her in 1876.
However, Disraeli was much more than a politician. He wrote both political treatises and no less than seventeen novels during his lifetime, of which Sybil, or The Two Nations is now among the best regarded. The โTwo Nationsโ of the subtitle refer to the divisions in Britain between the rich and the poor, each of whom might as well be living in a different country from the other. In the novel, Disraeli highlights the terrible living conditions of the poor and the shocking injustices of how they were treated by most employers and land-owners. He contrasts this with the frivolous, pampered lifestyles of the aristocracy. He covers the rise of the Chartist movement, which was demanding universal manhood suffrageโthe right for all adult men to vote, regardless of whether they owned propertyโand other reforms to enable working men a voice in the government of the country. (Female suffrage was to come much later). The upheavals of the time led to the development of the Peopleโs Charter and a massive petition with millions of signatures being presented to Parliament. However the Parliament of the time refused to even consider the petition, triggering violent protests in Birmingham and elsewhere. All of this is well covered and explained in the novel.
Sybil is rather disjointed in structure as it ranges over these different topics, but the main plot revolves around Egremont, the younger son of a nobleman, who encounters some of the leaders of the workersโ movement and in particular Walter Gerard, one of the most respected of these leaders, whom Egremont befriends while concealing his real name and social position. During visits to Gerard under an assumed name, Egremont falls for the beautiful and saintly Sybil, Gerardโs daughter, but she rejects him when his true identity is exposed. Sybil subsequently undergoes many difficult trials as the peopleโs movement develops and comes into conflict with the authorities.
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- Author: Benjamin Disraeli
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This intimation so much alarmed Sybil that she rose as soon as was practicable; and saying that she had some visits to make in the village, she promised to return when Mrs. Trafford was less engaged.
An hour elapsed; there was a loud ring at the hall-door, the great and distinguished party had arrived. Mrs. Trafford prepared for the interview, and tried to look very composed as the doors opened, and her husband ushered in and presented to her Lord and Lady de Mowbray, their daughters, Lady Firebrace, Mr. Jermyn, who still lingered at the castle, and Mr. Alfred Mountchesney and Lord Milford, who were mere passing guests, on their way to Scotland, but reconnoitering the heiresses in their course.
Lord de Mowbray was profuse of praise and compliments. His lordship was apt to be too civil. The breed would come out sometimes. Today he was quite the coffeehouse waiter. He praised everything: the machinery, the workmen, the cotton manufactured and the cotton raw, even the smoke. But Mrs. Trafford would not have the smoke defended, and his lordship gave the smoke up, but only to please her. As for Lady de Mowbray, she was as usual courteous and condescending, with a kind of smouldering smile on her fair aquiline face, that seemed half pleasure and half surprise at the strange people she was among. Lady Joan was haughty and scientific, approved of much, but principally of the system of ventilation, of which she asked several questions which greatly perplexed Mrs. Trafford, who slightly blushed, and looked at her husband for relief, but he was engaged with Lady Maud, who was full of enthusiasm, entered into everything with the zest of sympathy, identified herself with the factory system almost as much as she had done with the crusades, and longed to teach in singing schools, found public gardens, and bid fountains flow and sparkle for the people.
โI think the works were very wonderful,โ said Lord Milford, as he was cutting a pasty; โand indeed, Mrs. Trafford, everything here is quite charming; but what I have most admired at your place is a young girl we metโ โthe most beautiful I think I ever saw.โ
โWith the most beautiful dog,โ said Mr. Mountchesney.
โOh! that must have been Sybil!โ exclaimed Mrs. Trafford.
โAnd who is Sybil?โ asked Lady Maud. โThat is one of our family names. We all thought her quite beautiful.โ
โShe is a child of the house,โ said Mrs. Trafford, โor rather was, for I am sorry to say she has long quitted us.โ
โIs she a nun?โ asked Lord Milford, โfor her vestments had a conventual air.โ
โShe has just left your convent at Mowbray,โ said Mr. Trafford, addressing his answer to Lady Maud, โand rather against her will. She clings to the dress she was accustomed to there.โ
โAnd now she resides with you?โ
โNo; I should be very happy if she did. I might almost say she was brought up under this roof. She lives now with her father.โ
โAnd who is so fortunate as to be her father?โ enquired Mr. Mountchesney.
โHer father is the inspector of my works; the person who accompanied us over them this morning.โ
โWhat! that handsome man I so much admired,โ said Lady Maud, โso very aristocratic-looking. Papa,โ she said, addressing herself to Lord de Mowbray, โthe inspector of Mr. Traffordโs works we are speaking of, that aristocratic-looking person that I observed to you, he is the father of the beautiful girl.โ
โHe seemed a very intelligent person,โ said Lord de Mowbray with many smiles.
โYes,โ said Mr. Trafford; โhe has great talents and great integrity. I would trust him with anything and to any amount. All I wish,โ he added, with a smile and in a lower tone to Lady de Mowbray, โall I wish is, that he was not quite so fond of politics.โ
โIs he very violent?โ enquired her ladyship in a sugary tone.
โToo violent,โ said Mr. Trafford, โand wild in his ideas.โ
โAnd yet I suppose,โ said Lord Milford, โhe must be very well off?โ
โWhy I must say for him it is not selfishness that makes him a malcontent,โ said Mr. Trafford; โhe bemoans the condition of the people.โ
โIf we are to judge of the condition of the people by what we see here,โ said Lord de Mowbray, โthere is little to lament in it. But I fear these are instances not so common as we could wish. You must have been at a great outlay, Mr. Trafford?โ
โWhy,โ said Mr. Trafford, โfor my part. I have always considered that there was nothing so expensive as a vicious population. I hope I had other objects in view in what I have done than a pecuniary compensation. They say we all have our hobbies; and it was ever mine to improve the condition of my workpeople, to see what good tenements and good schools and just wages paid in a fair manner, and the encouragement of civilizing pursuits, would do to elevate their character. I should find an ample reward in the moral tone and material happiness of this community; but really viewing it in a pecuniary point of view, the investment of capital has been one of the most profitable I ever made; and I would not, I assure you, for double its amount, exchange my workpeople for the promiscuous assemblage engaged in other factories.โ
โThe influence of the atmosphere on the condition of the labourer is a subject which deserves investigation,โ said Lady Joan to Mr. Jermyn, who stared and bowed.
โAnd you do not feel alarmed at having a person of such violent opinions as your inspector at the head of your establishment,โ said Lady Firebrace to Mr. Trafford, who smiled a negative.
โWhat is the name
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