An Introduction to Philosophy by George Stuart Fullerton (best free novels .txt) 📕

151-154;
    mechanism and morals, 159-164;
    "concomitant phenomena" and attainment of ends, 162;
    references given on other minds and mind-stuff, 309;
    see also, Other Minds.
  Mind-stuff: see Other Minds.
  Minima Sensibilia: 87.
  Modern Philosophy: conception of philosophy in, 9-12.
  Monism: what, 193-194;
    varieties of, 194-202;
    narrower sense of word, 198-202.
  Moral Distinctions: their foundation, 159-164.
  Muirhead: 315.

  Naïve Realism: 181.
  "Natural Light": term used by Descartes, 208.
  Natural Realism: see Realism.
  Nature: place of mind in, 151-154;
    order of nature and "free-will," 154-159.
  Neo-Platonism: referred to, 8; on the soul as immaterial, 103.
  Nihilism: word used by Hamilton, 186.
  Noumena: see Phenomena.

  Objective Idealism: 189-190; reference to Royce, 311.
  Objective Order: contrasted with the subjective, 55.
  Ontology: what, 315.
  Orders of Experience: the subjective and the objective, 55;
    see also, 114.
  Other Minds: their existence, 133-136;
    Fichte referred to, 133;
    Richter quoted, 133;
    Huxley and Clifford on proof of, 135;
    the argument for, 136-140;
    Mill quoted, 136-138;
    Huxley criticised, 138-140;
    what minds are there? 140-144;
    Descartes quoted, 141-142;
    Malebranche, 142;
    the limits of psychic life, 142-144;
    mind-stuff, 144-146;
    proper attitude toward solipsism, 291.
  Outside: meaning of word, 55.

  Panpsychism: the doctrine, 198; references given, 311.
  Pantheism: 202.
  Parallelism: see Mind and Body.
  Paulsen: on nature of philosophy, 305.
  Pearson: the "telephone exchange," 38 ff.;
    on scientific principles and method, 258-259;
    reference given, 306.
  Peirce, C. S.: on pragmatism, 219-220.
  Perception: see Representative Perception.
  Phenomena and Noumena: Kant's distinction between, 176-180.
  Philosophical Sciences: enumerated, 13;
    why grouped together, 13-17;
    examined in detail, 223-259.
  Philosophy: meaning of word, and history of its use, 1 ff.;
    what the word now covers, 12-17;
    problems of, 32-164;
    historical background of modern philosophy, 165-180;
    types of, 181-222;
    logic and, 225-229;
    psychology and, 230-234;
    ethics and, 240-242;
    aesthetics and, 242-243;
    metaphysics distinguished from, 244-245;
    religion and, 250-254;
    the non-philosophical sciences and, 255-259;
    utility of, 263-272;
    history of, 273-287;
    verification in, 276-277;
    as poetry and as science, 281-283;
    how systems arise, 283-287;
    practical admonitions, 288-303;
    authority in, 291-296;
    ordinary rules of evidence in, 296-298.
  Physiological Psychology: what it is, 234.
  Pineal Gland; as seat of the soul, 105.
  Place: of mental phenomena, see Space.
  Plain Man: his knowledge of the world, 19-20; also, 32-36;
    his knowledge of space, 73;
    on mind and body, 106-110;
    his interactionism, 120.
  Plants: psychic life in, 143.
  Plato: use of word "philosopher," 2;
    scope of his philosophy, 6-7;
    on the soul, 102-103.
  Plotinus: the soul as immaterial, 103.
  Pluralism and Singularism: described, 204-205.
  Poetry and Philosophy: 281-283.
  Poincaré: referred to, 258.
  Pragmatism: the doctrine, 219-222;
    see also, 296-298, 300-303, and 312-314;
    will to believe, references, 310, 312.
  Present: meaning of "the present," 97-99.
  Psychology: psychological knowledge characterized, 25-28;
    attitude of psychologist toward external world, 36-38;
    toward mind, 110-111;
    philosophy and, 230-234;
    double affiliation of, 234-235;
    utility of, 268-269;
    metaphysics and, 313;
    "rational," 315.
  Ptolemaic System; 282.
  Pythagoras: the word "philosopher," 2.
  Pythagoreans: their doctrine, 4.

Qualities of Things: contrasted with sensations, 51-56.

  Rational Cosmology: 315.
  Rationalism: the doctrine, 206-209.
  Rational Psychology: 315.
  Real: see Reality.
  Realism: hypothetical realism, 168;
    "natural" realism, 174;
    general discussion of realism and its varieties, 181-187;
    ambiguity of the word, 186-187.
  Reality: contrasted with appearance, 35;
    in psychology, 36-38;
    the "telephone exchange" and, 38 ff.;
    things and their appearances, 59-61;
    real things, 61-63;
    ultimate real things, 63-68;
    the "Unknowable" as Reality, 68-72;
    real space, 80-87;
    real time, 93-99;
    substance as reality, 111;
    real and apparent extension, 113-114;
    measurement of apparent time, 128;
    Bradley's doctrine of reality, 191-192;
    Clifford's panpsychism and reality, 197-198.

  Reflective Thought: its nature, 28-31.
  Reid, Thomas: doctrine of "common sense," 171-174;
    references, 310.
  Religion: philosophy and, 250-254;
    conceptions of God, 252-253;
    God and the world, 253-254; see God.
  Representative Perception: plain man's position, 32-36;
    the psychologist, 36-38;
    "telephone exchange" doctrine, 38-44;
    the true distinction between sensations and things, 45-58;
    the doctrine of, 165-168;
    Descartes and Locke quoted, 165-168.
  Richter, Jean Paul: on the solipsist, 133.
  Royce: an objective idealist, 311; a monist, 312.

  Schelling: attitude toward natural philosophy, 10.
  Schiller: on "Humanism," 312-313.
  "Schools": in philosophy, 291-296.
  Science: philosophy and the special sciences, 12-17;
    the philosophical sciences, 13 ff.;
    nature of scientific knowledge, 21-28;
    compared with reflective thought, 29-31;
    science and the world as mechanism, 148;
    the conservation of energy, 151-154;
    philosophical sciences examined in detail, 223-259;
    science and metaphysical analysis, 246-247;
    the non-philosophical sciences and philosophy, 255-259;
    study of scientific principles, 256-259;
    verification in science and in philosophy, 275-277;
    philosophy as science, 281-283.
  Scientific Knowledge: see Science.
  Sensations: knowledge of things through, 33-44;
    sense and imagination contrasted, 45-49;
    are "things" groups of, 49-51;
    distinction between things and, 51-56;
    use of the word in this volume and in the
      "System of Metaphysics," 306-307.
  Sidgwick: on Kant, 311.
  Sigwart: 314.
  Singularism and Pluralism: described, 204-205.
  Skeptics: their view of philosophy, 7-8;
    their doubt of reality, 59;
    Hume's skepticism, 171.
  Socrates: use of words "philosopher" and "philosophy," 2;
    attitude toward sophism, 6.
  Solipsism: see Other Minds.
  Solon: 1.
  Sophists: characterized, 6.
  Soul: see Mind.
  Space: plain man's knowledge of, 73;
    said to be necessary, infinite and infinitely divisible, 73-74;
    discussion of it as necessary and as infinite, 74-77;
    Kant, Hamilton, and Spencer quoted, 75-77;
    as infinitely divisible, the moving point, 77-80;
    Clifford quoted, 79-80;
    real space and apparent, 80-87;
    "matter" and "form," 82-84;
    extension of imaginary things, 113;
    place of mental phenomena, 115-117, also, 126-129.
  Spencer, Herbert: his definition of philosophy, 11;
    his work criticised, 11-12;
    on the "Unknowable" as ultimate Reality, 69-70;
    Spencer as "natural" realist, 174;
    influenced by Kant's doctrine, 176;
    his inconsistent doctrine of the external world, 183-184;
    defective logic, 228;
    influence of agnosticism, 271;
    references given, 307, 311.
  Spinoza: his a priori method, 10;
    on God or substance, 199;
    his rationalism, 208;
    his parallelism, 308;
    references, 311-312.
  Spiritualism: the doctrine, 197-198.
  Stoics: their view of philosophy, 7-8; their materialism, 102.
  Strong: on other minds, 209; references to, 309, 311.
  Subjective Idealism: 187-188.
  Subjective Order: contrasted with objective, 55.
  Substance: meaning of word, 108;
    Locke on, 108;
    mind as substance, 111-112;
    doctrine of the One Substance, 198-202.
  Synthetic Judgments: defined, 179.
  Systems of Philosophy: their relations to each other, 283-287.

  Taylor: on other minds, 309.
  Teleology: what, 163; reference, 310.
  "Telephone Exchange": doctrine of the external world
    as "messages," 38-44.
  Thales: his doctrine, 3.
  Theism: see God.
  Theory of Knowledge: see Epistemology.
  Things: our knowledge of, 18-23;
    contrast of ideas and, 33-36;
    same contrast in psychology, 36-38;
    sensations and things, 45 ff.;
    existence of, 56-58;
    contrasted with appearances, 59 ff.;
    real things, 61 ff.;
    the space of real things, 80-87.
  Thomas Aquinas: scope of his labors, 9.
  Time: as necessary, infinite, and infinitely divisible, 88-90;
    problem of knowing past, present, and future, 90-93;
    Augustine quoted, 90-91;
    timeless self criticised, 92-93;
    real time and apparent, 93-99;
    real time as necessary, infinite, and infinitely divisible, 95-97;
    consciousness of time, 97-99;
    mental phenomena and time, 126-129.
  Timeless Self: 92-93.
  Touch: the real world revealed in experiences of, 61-63.
  Truth: pragmatism and, 219-222 and 312-314;
    Whewell on veracity, 238-239;
    criterion of truth in philosophy, 296-298;
    also, 300-303.

  Ueberweg: 305, 311.
  Ultimate Reality: see Reality.
  "Unknowable": as Reality, 68-72; see Spencer.
  Utility: of liberal studies, 260-263; of philosophy, 363-272.

Verification: in science and in philosophy, 275-277.

  Ward, James: on concepts of mechanics, 148.
  "Weltweisheit": philosophy as, 12.
  Whewell: his common sense ethics, 236-240; referred to, 315.
  Will: see Free-will.
  Will to Believe: see Pragmatism.
  Windelband: 305.
  Wolff, Christian: definition of philosophy, 10.
  World: see External World.
  Wundt: ethics referred to, 315.

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