Immortality or Resurrection by William West (philippa perry book txt) π
Excerpt from the book:
Is "The Wages Of Sin Death"
Or "Eternal Life With Torment In Hell"
An Immortal Soul and the Doctrine of Hell
Or "Eternal Life With Torment In Hell"
An Immortal Soul and the Doctrine of Hell
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must put on immortality [athanasia]."
β’ (3) 1 Corinthians 15:54 "But when...this mortal shall have put on immortalitY [athanasia]." Immortality for a person is in the future, not the present. He must put it on.
2. APHTHARTOS (incorruptible) is used seven times, Wigram Englishman's Greek Concordance, Page 97. Not one of the seven is used referring to a person or to a no substance part of a person now in this life.
o Aphthartos used referring to God.
β’ (1) Romans 1:23 "The glory of the incorruptible [aphthartos] God." In this passage man now being corruptible is in contrast with God being incorruptible.
β’ (2) 1 Timothy 1:17 "Now unto the King eternal, immortal [aphthartos], invisible, the only God."
o Aphthartos used referring to a person only after the resurrection.
β’ (3) 1 Corinthians 15:52 "And the dead shall be raised incorruptible [aphthartos], and we shall be changed."
o Aphthartos used referring to our inheritance after the resurrection.
β’ (4) 1 Peter 1:4 "Who...begat us again...unto an inheritance incorruptible [aphthartos], and undefiled, and that fades not away, reserved in heaven for you."
Aphthartos used referring to our crown we will receive after
o the resurrection.
β’ (5) 1 Corinthians 9:25 "Now they do it to receive a corruptible crown; but we an Incorruptible [aphthartos]." (An incorruptible crown, not an incorruptible soul).
o Aphthartos used referring to the word of God.
β’ (6) 1 Peter 1:23 "Having been begotten again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible [aphthartos], through the word of God, which lives and abides forever."
o Aphthartos used referring to our adorning.
β’ (7) 1 Peter 3:4 "But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in the incorruptible [aphthartos] apparel of a meek and quiet spirit."
3. APHTHARSIA (incorruption β uncorruptness) is used eight times, Wigram Englishman's Greek Concordance, Page 97. Not one of them is used referring to a person or an immortal "immaterial, invisible part of man" now in this life.
o Aphtharsia used referring to a person only after the resurrection, something we seek for but do not now have (the body we will have, not soul).
β’ (1) Romans 2:7 "Who will render to every man according to his works: to them that...seek for glory and honor and incorruption [aphtharsia], eternal life."
β’ (2) 1 Corinthians 15:42 "So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption [aphtharsia]."
β’ (3) (4) and (5) 1 Corinthians 15:50, 15:53 and 15:54 "Now...flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither does corruption inherit incorruption [aphtharsia]. Behold, I tell you a mystery: We all shall not sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on Incorruption [aphtharsia], and this mortal must put on immorality [thanasia]. But, when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption [aphtharsia], and this mortal shall have put on immortality [thanasia]."
β’ (6) 2 Timothy 1:10 "Christ Jesus, who abolished death, and brought life and immortality [aphtharsia] to light through the gospel." The only way we can know about immortality after the resurrection is through the gospel, not from philosophy or science.
o Aphtharsia used referring to our love for Christ.
β’ (7) Ephesians 6:24 "Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ with a love incorruptible [aphtharsia]."
o Aphtharsia used referring to our doctrine.
β’ (8 Titus 2:7 "In all things showing yourself an ensample of good works; in your doctrine showing uncorruptness [aphtharsia], gravity, sound speech."
Immortality or uncorruption is not used in the Old Testament. Eternal is used in the King James Version two times. It is used referring to God one time, "The eternal God" Deuteronomy 33:27, and is used in Isaiah 60:15. The doctrine that God made a person with an immortal soul that cannot cease to exist, and that even God cannot destroy this part of a person is based on pagan philosophy, not on the word of God, therefore, the argument that the lost must live somewhere for they cannot cease to exist is also based on pagan philosophy.
If a person were born with a part that is now immortal and not subject to death, would it not be strange that there is but one clear passage in the entire Bible which says "you shall not surely die" [genesis 3:4] and it is from the father of lies [John 8:44].
THE MANY VIEWS OF "SOUL" and/or "SPIRIT"
A brief review of some of the many divisions in what people believe about immortality and the soul. Views of the soul that require death to mean eternal life somewhere, and that all men are deathless and possess immortality inherently at or before birth.
1. THE PAGAN VIEW OF REINCARNATION OF THE SOUL. Ancient Egyptian belief was that the soul had a gloomy existence in the underworld (transmigration). The Greeks and Romans believed almost the same with some changes. Oriental and Pythagorean philosophy, Hindus, Burmans, Buddhists, and Grand Lama all believed in some form of reincarnation. They believed the "soul" of the evil had some punishment, but not all believed it had the same punishment. Today, worldwide there are more who believe in reincarnation than all other afterlife beliefs combined. Many religions that are not Christian believe in some form of reincarnation.
2. THE CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT VIEW. Mankind is born with an immortal soul that can never die or be destroyed. A very small percent will go to Heaven at death but most will go to Hell.
3. THE HADES VIEW. This view is that no one goes to Heaven or Hell at death but the saved are rewarded in a place many call Abraham's bosom, and the lost are tormented before they are judged, before the resurrection and judgment. Death is changed to eternal life but not life in Heaven or Hell.
4. THE UNIVERSALIST VIEW. All will be saved. Those who do not obey Christ in this lifetime will have an "attitude adjustment" after death and all will end up in Heaven with none in Hell.
5. THE RESURRECTION TO IMMORTAL LIFE ON THE RESTORED EARTH. This view is that the earthly body will be raised and restored to be like Adam before his sin on a restored earth. No one's soul will be immortal in Heaven or Hell. Some believe the lost will be raised with the same mortal bodies we now have, and Christ will return to earth and will rule forever over the earth from Jerusalem; and the lost will literally be cast into Gehenna, which will have been restored.
6. Many other minor views in religions around the world.
o There are some minor differences within all the above views. The fate of those who do not obey Christ is made to fit with their view of immortality. Protestants now have many minor differences and some differences that in no way could be called minor.
7. THE BIBLE VIEW. It does not teach the natural immortality of a person or any part of a person at birth. All are now mortal. Those in Christ will be raised immortal at the coming of Christ. All others will be raised to judgment and will have their part in the lake of fire, which is the second death.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THE DYING USE OF "SOUL"
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: In translations that were made by those who believe a person has an immortal soul, why is the use of the word "soul" becoming used less? Out of the 870 times the word nehphesh is used in the Old Testament it was translated soul:
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 473 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE KING JAMES VERSION IN 1611.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 289 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION IN 1982. SOUL IS USED 184 TIMES LESS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT THAN IT IS IN THE KING JAMES VERSION.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 118 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE AMPLIFIED BIBLE IN 1954.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 254 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1960.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 115 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1973.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 136 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1984 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 72 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2010 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 73 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN TODAY'S NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2001.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 142 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE MESSAGE IN 1993.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 14 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH VERSION IN 1995.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 50 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW LIVING TRANSLATION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 96 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL READER'S VERSION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 35 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE HOLMAN CHRISTIAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1999.
o MOST OF THE TIMES THAT NEHPHESH WAS NOT TRANSLATED "SOUL" IT WAS TRANSLATED "LIFE," "PERSON," "HEART" OR THE NOUN WAS CHANGED TO A PRONOUN (HE, HIM, SHE, HER, ETC.) THAT IS RELATED TO A PERSON AND HAS NO REFERENCE TO AN IMMORTAL PART OF A PERSON.
IN BOTH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT: The Hebrew word translated soul [nehphesh] is used over 870 times in the Old Treatment, and the Greek work translated soul [psukee] is used 106 times. Both together about 976 times and were translated soul:
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 530 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE KING JAMES VERSION IN 1611.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 341 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION IN 1982. SOUL IS USED 189 TIMES LESS IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION THAN IT IS IN THE KING JAMES VERSION.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 200 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE AMPLIFIED BIBLE IN 1954.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 301 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1960.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 140 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1973.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 136 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1984 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 95 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2010 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 28 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN TODAY'S NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2001.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 177 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE MESSAGE IN 1993.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 27 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH VERSION IN 1995.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 83 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW LIVING TRANSLATION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 39 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL READER'S VERSION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 58 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE HOLMAN CHRISTIAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1999
o MOST, IF NOT ALL THESE TRANSLATORS BELIEVE IN AN IMMORTAL SOUL, BUT HAVE BEEN REDUCING THE TIMES THESE WORDS ARE TRANSLATED "SOUL" AND REPLACING IT WITH "LIFE," "PERSON," "HEART" OR CHANGED IT TO PRONOUNS THAT ARE RELATED TO A PERSON.
The Hebrew noun, nehphesh, is being changed to many different pronouns, but all the pronouns have a reference to an earthly being, not to a no substance inter part of a person. Most of the 473 times nehphesh was translated soul in the King James Version it has been translated life or person or changed to many different pronouns in many translations. Nehphesh did not mean an immaterial invisible some thing in a person in the Old Testament,
β’ (3) 1 Corinthians 15:54 "But when...this mortal shall have put on immortalitY [athanasia]." Immortality for a person is in the future, not the present. He must put it on.
2. APHTHARTOS (incorruptible) is used seven times, Wigram Englishman's Greek Concordance, Page 97. Not one of the seven is used referring to a person or to a no substance part of a person now in this life.
o Aphthartos used referring to God.
β’ (1) Romans 1:23 "The glory of the incorruptible [aphthartos] God." In this passage man now being corruptible is in contrast with God being incorruptible.
β’ (2) 1 Timothy 1:17 "Now unto the King eternal, immortal [aphthartos], invisible, the only God."
o Aphthartos used referring to a person only after the resurrection.
β’ (3) 1 Corinthians 15:52 "And the dead shall be raised incorruptible [aphthartos], and we shall be changed."
o Aphthartos used referring to our inheritance after the resurrection.
β’ (4) 1 Peter 1:4 "Who...begat us again...unto an inheritance incorruptible [aphthartos], and undefiled, and that fades not away, reserved in heaven for you."
Aphthartos used referring to our crown we will receive after
o the resurrection.
β’ (5) 1 Corinthians 9:25 "Now they do it to receive a corruptible crown; but we an Incorruptible [aphthartos]." (An incorruptible crown, not an incorruptible soul).
o Aphthartos used referring to the word of God.
β’ (6) 1 Peter 1:23 "Having been begotten again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible [aphthartos], through the word of God, which lives and abides forever."
o Aphthartos used referring to our adorning.
β’ (7) 1 Peter 3:4 "But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in the incorruptible [aphthartos] apparel of a meek and quiet spirit."
3. APHTHARSIA (incorruption β uncorruptness) is used eight times, Wigram Englishman's Greek Concordance, Page 97. Not one of them is used referring to a person or an immortal "immaterial, invisible part of man" now in this life.
o Aphtharsia used referring to a person only after the resurrection, something we seek for but do not now have (the body we will have, not soul).
β’ (1) Romans 2:7 "Who will render to every man according to his works: to them that...seek for glory and honor and incorruption [aphtharsia], eternal life."
β’ (2) 1 Corinthians 15:42 "So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption [aphtharsia]."
β’ (3) (4) and (5) 1 Corinthians 15:50, 15:53 and 15:54 "Now...flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither does corruption inherit incorruption [aphtharsia]. Behold, I tell you a mystery: We all shall not sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on Incorruption [aphtharsia], and this mortal must put on immorality [thanasia]. But, when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption [aphtharsia], and this mortal shall have put on immortality [thanasia]."
β’ (6) 2 Timothy 1:10 "Christ Jesus, who abolished death, and brought life and immortality [aphtharsia] to light through the gospel." The only way we can know about immortality after the resurrection is through the gospel, not from philosophy or science.
o Aphtharsia used referring to our love for Christ.
β’ (7) Ephesians 6:24 "Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ with a love incorruptible [aphtharsia]."
o Aphtharsia used referring to our doctrine.
β’ (8 Titus 2:7 "In all things showing yourself an ensample of good works; in your doctrine showing uncorruptness [aphtharsia], gravity, sound speech."
Immortality or uncorruption is not used in the Old Testament. Eternal is used in the King James Version two times. It is used referring to God one time, "The eternal God" Deuteronomy 33:27, and is used in Isaiah 60:15. The doctrine that God made a person with an immortal soul that cannot cease to exist, and that even God cannot destroy this part of a person is based on pagan philosophy, not on the word of God, therefore, the argument that the lost must live somewhere for they cannot cease to exist is also based on pagan philosophy.
If a person were born with a part that is now immortal and not subject to death, would it not be strange that there is but one clear passage in the entire Bible which says "you shall not surely die" [genesis 3:4] and it is from the father of lies [John 8:44].
THE MANY VIEWS OF "SOUL" and/or "SPIRIT"
A brief review of some of the many divisions in what people believe about immortality and the soul. Views of the soul that require death to mean eternal life somewhere, and that all men are deathless and possess immortality inherently at or before birth.
1. THE PAGAN VIEW OF REINCARNATION OF THE SOUL. Ancient Egyptian belief was that the soul had a gloomy existence in the underworld (transmigration). The Greeks and Romans believed almost the same with some changes. Oriental and Pythagorean philosophy, Hindus, Burmans, Buddhists, and Grand Lama all believed in some form of reincarnation. They believed the "soul" of the evil had some punishment, but not all believed it had the same punishment. Today, worldwide there are more who believe in reincarnation than all other afterlife beliefs combined. Many religions that are not Christian believe in some form of reincarnation.
2. THE CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT VIEW. Mankind is born with an immortal soul that can never die or be destroyed. A very small percent will go to Heaven at death but most will go to Hell.
3. THE HADES VIEW. This view is that no one goes to Heaven or Hell at death but the saved are rewarded in a place many call Abraham's bosom, and the lost are tormented before they are judged, before the resurrection and judgment. Death is changed to eternal life but not life in Heaven or Hell.
4. THE UNIVERSALIST VIEW. All will be saved. Those who do not obey Christ in this lifetime will have an "attitude adjustment" after death and all will end up in Heaven with none in Hell.
5. THE RESURRECTION TO IMMORTAL LIFE ON THE RESTORED EARTH. This view is that the earthly body will be raised and restored to be like Adam before his sin on a restored earth. No one's soul will be immortal in Heaven or Hell. Some believe the lost will be raised with the same mortal bodies we now have, and Christ will return to earth and will rule forever over the earth from Jerusalem; and the lost will literally be cast into Gehenna, which will have been restored.
6. Many other minor views in religions around the world.
o There are some minor differences within all the above views. The fate of those who do not obey Christ is made to fit with their view of immortality. Protestants now have many minor differences and some differences that in no way could be called minor.
7. THE BIBLE VIEW. It does not teach the natural immortality of a person or any part of a person at birth. All are now mortal. Those in Christ will be raised immortal at the coming of Christ. All others will be raised to judgment and will have their part in the lake of fire, which is the second death.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THE DYING USE OF "SOUL"
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: In translations that were made by those who believe a person has an immortal soul, why is the use of the word "soul" becoming used less? Out of the 870 times the word nehphesh is used in the Old Testament it was translated soul:
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 473 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE KING JAMES VERSION IN 1611.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 289 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION IN 1982. SOUL IS USED 184 TIMES LESS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT THAN IT IS IN THE KING JAMES VERSION.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 118 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE AMPLIFIED BIBLE IN 1954.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 254 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1960.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 115 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1973.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 136 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1984 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 72 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2010 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 73 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN TODAY'S NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2001.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 142 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE MESSAGE IN 1993.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 14 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH VERSION IN 1995.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 50 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW LIVING TRANSLATION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 96 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL READER'S VERSION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 35 TIMES OUT OF 870 TIMES IN THE HOLMAN CHRISTIAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1999.
o MOST OF THE TIMES THAT NEHPHESH WAS NOT TRANSLATED "SOUL" IT WAS TRANSLATED "LIFE," "PERSON," "HEART" OR THE NOUN WAS CHANGED TO A PRONOUN (HE, HIM, SHE, HER, ETC.) THAT IS RELATED TO A PERSON AND HAS NO REFERENCE TO AN IMMORTAL PART OF A PERSON.
IN BOTH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT: The Hebrew word translated soul [nehphesh] is used over 870 times in the Old Treatment, and the Greek work translated soul [psukee] is used 106 times. Both together about 976 times and were translated soul:
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 530 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE KING JAMES VERSION IN 1611.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 341 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION IN 1982. SOUL IS USED 189 TIMES LESS IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION THAN IT IS IN THE KING JAMES VERSION.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 200 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE AMPLIFIED BIBLE IN 1954.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 301 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1960.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 140 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1973.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 136 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 1984 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 95 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2010 UPDATE.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 28 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN TODAY'S NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION IN 2001.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 177 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE MESSAGE IN 1993.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 27 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH VERSION IN 1995.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 83 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW LIVING TRANSLATION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 39 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL READER'S VERSION IN 1996.
β’ TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY 58 TIMES OUT OF 976 TIMES IN THE HOLMAN CHRISTIAN STANDARD BIBLE IN 1999
o MOST, IF NOT ALL THESE TRANSLATORS BELIEVE IN AN IMMORTAL SOUL, BUT HAVE BEEN REDUCING THE TIMES THESE WORDS ARE TRANSLATED "SOUL" AND REPLACING IT WITH "LIFE," "PERSON," "HEART" OR CHANGED IT TO PRONOUNS THAT ARE RELATED TO A PERSON.
The Hebrew noun, nehphesh, is being changed to many different pronouns, but all the pronouns have a reference to an earthly being, not to a no substance inter part of a person. Most of the 473 times nehphesh was translated soul in the King James Version it has been translated life or person or changed to many different pronouns in many translations. Nehphesh did not mean an immaterial invisible some thing in a person in the Old Testament,
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