On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin (grave mercy .txt) 📕

>on thickness of the British formations, 284.

on faults, 285.

 

Ratio of increase, 63.

 

Rats:

supplanting each other, 76.

acclimatisation of, 141.

blind in cave, 137.

 

Rattlesnake, 201.

 

Reason and instinct, 208.

 

Recapitulation, general, 459.

 

Reciprocity of crosses, 258.

 

Record, geological, imperfect, 279.

 

Rengger on flies destroying cattle, 72.

 

Reproduction, rate of, 63.

 

Resemblance to parents in mongrels and hybrids, 273.

 

Reversion:

law of inheritance, 14.

in pigeons to blue colour, 160.

 

Rhododendron, sterility of, 251.

 

Richard, Professor, on Aspicarpa, 417.

 

Richardson, Sir J.:

on structure of squirrels, 180.

on fishes of the southern hemisphere, 376.

 

Robinia, grafts of, 262.

 

Rodents, blind, 137.

 

Rudimentary organs, 450.

 

Rudiments important for classification, 416.

 

Sageret on grafts, 262.

 

Salmons, males fighting, and hooked jaws of, 88.

 

Salt-water, how far injurious to seeds, 358.

 

Saurophagus sulphuratus, 183.

 

Schiodte on blind insects, 138.

 

Schlegel on snakes, 144

 

Seawater, how far injurious to seeds, 358.

 

Sebright, Sir J.:

on crossed animals, 20.

on selection of pigeons, 31.

 

Sedgwick, Professor, on groups of species suddenly appearing, 302.

 

Seedlings destroyed by insects, 67.

 

Seeds:

nutriment in, 77.

winged, 146.

power of resisting salt-water, 358.

in crops and intestines of birds, 361.

eaten by fish, 362, 387.

in mud, 386.

hooked, on islands, 392.

 

Selection:

of domestic products, 29.

principle not of recent origin, 33.

unconscious, 34.

natural, 80.

sexual, 87.

natural, circumstances favourable to, 101, Sexes, relations of, 87.

 

Sexual:

characters variable, 156.

selection, 87.

 

Sheep:

Merino, their selection, 31.

two sub-breeds unintentionally produced, 36.

mountain, varieties of, 76.

 

Shells:

colours of, 132.

littoral, seldom embedded, 288.

freshwater, dispersal of, 385.

of Madeira, 391,

land, distribution of, 397.

 

Silene, fertility of crosses, 257.

 

Silliman, Professor, on blind rat, 137.

 

Skulls of young mammals, 197, 437.

 

Slave-making instinct, 219.

 

Smith, Col. Hamilton, on striped horses, 164.

 

Smith, Mr. Fred.:

on slave-making ants, 219.

on neuter ants, 239.

 

Smith, Mr., of Jordan Hill, on the degradation of coast-rocks, 283.

 

Snapdragon, 161.

 

Somerville, Lord, on selection of sheep, 31.

 

Sorbus, grafts of, 262.

 

Spaniel, King Charles’s breed, 35.

 

Species:

polymorphic, 46.

common, variable, 53.

in large genera variable, 54.

groups of, suddenly appearing, 302, 306.

beneath Silurian formations, 306.

successively appearing, 312.

changing simultaneously throughout the world, 322.

 

Spencer, Lord, on increase in size of cattle, 35.

 

Sphex, parasitic, 218.

 

Spiders, development of, 442.

 

Spitz-dog crossed with fox, 268.

 

Sports in plants, 9.

 

Sprengel, C. C.:

on crossing, 98.

on ray-florets, 145.

 

Squirrels, gradations in structure, 180.

 

Staffordshire, heath, changes in, 72.

 

Stag-beetles, fighting, 88.

 

Sterility:

from changed conditions of life, 9.

of hybrids, 246.

laws of, 254.

causes of, 263.

from unfavourable conditions, 265.

of certain varieties, 269.

 

St. Helena, productions of, 389.

 

St. Hilaire, Aug., on classification, 418.

 

St. John, Mr., on habits of cats, 91.

 

Sting of bee, 202.

 

Stocks, aboriginal, of domestic animals, 18, Strata, thickness of, in Britain, 284.

 

Stripes on horses, 163.

 

Structure, degrees of utility of, 201.

 

Struggle for existence, 60.

 

Succession, geological, 312.

 

Succession of types in same areas, 338.

 

Swallow, one species supplanting another, 76.

 

Swimbladder, 190.

 

System, natural, 413.

 

Tail:

of giraffe, 195.

of aquatic animals, 196.

rudimentary, 454.

 

Tarsi deficient, 135.

 

Tausch on umbelliferous flowers, 146.

 

Teeth and hair:

correlated, 144.

embryonic, traces of, in birds, 451.

rudimentary, in embryonic calf, 450, 480.

 

Tegetmeier, Mr., on cells of bees, 228, 233.

 

Temminck on distribution aiding classification, 419.

 

Thouin on grafts, 262.

 

Thrush:

aquatic species of, 185.

mocking, of the Galapagos, 402.

young of, spotted, 439.

nest of, 243.

 

Thuret, M., on crossed fuci, 258.

 

Thwaites, Mr., on acclimatisation, 140.

 

Tierra del Fuego:

dogs of, 215.

plants of, 374, 378.

 

Timber-drift, 360.

 

Time, lapse of, 282.

 

Titmouse, 183.

 

Toads on islands, 393.

 

Tobacco, crossed varieties of, 271.

 

Tomes, Mr., on the distribution of bats, 394.

 

Transitions in varieties rare, 172.

 

Trees:

on islands belong to peculiar orders, 392.

with separated sexes, 99.

 

Trifolium pratense, 73, 94.

 

Trifolium incarnatum, 94.

 

Trigonia, 321.

 

Trilobites, 306.

sudden extinction of, 321,

 

Troglodytes, 243.

 

Tucutucu, blind, 137.

 

Tumbler pigeons:

habits of, hereditary, 214.

young of, 446,

 

Turkey-cock, brush of hair on breast, 90.

 

Turkey:

naked skin on head, 197.

young, wild, 216.

 

Turnip and cabbage, analogous variations of, 159.

 

Type, unity of, 206.

 

Types, succession of, in same areas, 338.

 

Udders:

enlarged by use, 11.

rudimentary, 451.

 

Ulex, young leaves of, 439.

 

Umbelliferae, outer and inner florets of, 144.

 

Unity of type, 206.

 

Use:

effects of, under domestication, 11.

effects of, in a state of nature, 134.

 

Utility, how far important in the construction of each part, 199.

 

Valenciennes on freshwater fish, 384.

 

Variability of mongrels and hybrids, 274.

 

Variation:

under domestication, 7.

caused by reproductive system being affected by conditions of life, 8.

under nature, 44.

laws of, 131.

 

Variations:

appear at corresponding ages, 14, 86.

analogous in distinct species, 159.

 

Varieties:

natural, 44.

struggle between, 75.

domestic, extinction of, 111.

transitional, rarity of, 172.

when crossed, fertile, 267.

when crossed, sterile, 269.

classification of, 423.

 

Verbascum:

sterility of, 251.

varieties of, crossed, 270.

 

Verneuil, M. de, on the succession of species, 325.

 

Viola tricolor, 73.

 

Volcanic islands, denudation of, 284.

 

Vulture, naked skin on head, 197.

 

Wading-birds, 386.

 

Wallace, Mr.:

on origin of species, 2.

on law of geographical distribution, 355.

on the Malay Archipelago, 395.

 

Wasp, sting of, 202.

 

Water, fresh, productions of, 383.

 

Water-hen, 185.

 

Waterhouse, Mr.:

on Australian marsupials, 116.

on greatly developed parts being variable, 150.

on the cells of bees, 225.

on general affinities, 429.

 

Water-ouzel, 185.

 

Watson, Mr. H. C.:

on range of varieties of British plants, 58.

on acclimatisation, 140.

on flora of Azores, 363.

on Alpine plants, 367, 376.

on rarity of intermediate varieties, 176.

 

Weald, denudation of, 285.

 

Web of feet in water-birds, 185.

 

West Indian islands, mammals of, 395.

 

Westwood:

on species in large genera being closely allied to others, 57.

on the tarsi of Engidae, 157.

on the antennae of hymenopterous insects, 416.

 

Whales, fossil, 303.

 

Wheat, varieties of, 113.

 

White Mountains, flora of, 365.

 

Wings, reduction of size, 134.

 

Wings:

of insects homologous with branchiae, 191.

rudimentary, in insects, 451.

 

Wolf:

crossed with dog, 214.

of Falkland Isles, 393.

 

Wollaston, Mr.:

on varieties of insects, 48.

on fossil varieties of land-shells in Madeira, 52.

on colours of insects on sea-shore, 132.

on wingless beetles, 135.

on rarity of intermediate varieties, 176.

on insular insects, 389.

on land-shells of Madeira, naturalised, 402.

 

Wolves, varieties of, 90.

 

Woodpecker:

habits of, 184.

green colour of, 197.

 

Woodward, Mr.:

on the duration of specific forms, 293.

on the continuous succession of genera, 316.

on the succession of types, 339.

 

World, species changing simultaneously throughout, 322.

 

Wrens, nest of, 243.

 

Youatt, Mr.:

on selection, 31.

on sub-breeds of sheep, 36.

on rudimentary horns in young cattle, 454.

 

Zebra, stripes on, 163.

 

THE END.

 

End of Project Gutenberg’s On the Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES ***

 

This file should be named otoos11.txt or otoos11.zip Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, otoos11.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, otoos10a.txt Produced by Sue Asscher [email protected] This Etext is based on the First Edition.

 

Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US

unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

 

We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.

Please be encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections, even years after the official publication date.

 

Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement.

The official release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish to do so.

 

Most people start at our Web sites at: http://gutenberg.net or

http://promo.net/pg

 

These Web sites include award-winning information about Project Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!).

 

Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement can get to them as follows, and just download by date. This is also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter.

 

http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext03 or ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03

 

Or /etext02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90

 

Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want, as it appears in our Newsletters.

 

Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours to get any eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. Our projected audience is one hundred million readers. If the value per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2

million dollars per hour in 2002 as we release over 100 new text files per month: 1240 more eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+

We are already on our way to trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002

If they reach just 1-2% of the world’s population then the total will reach over half a trillion eBooks given away by year’s end.

 

The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks!

This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users.

 

Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated): eBooks Year Month

 

1 1971 July

10 1991 January

100 1994 January

1000 1997 August

1500 1998 October

2000 1999 December

2500 2000 December

3000 2001 November

4000 2001 October/November

6000 2002 December*

9000 2003 November*

10000 2004 January*

 

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium.

 

We need your donations more than ever!

 

As of February, 2002, contributions are being solicited from people and organizations in: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

 

We have filed in all 50 states now, but these are the only ones that have responded.

 

As the requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be made and fund raising will begin in the additional states.

Please feel free to ask to check the status of your state.

 

In