Manual of Military Training by James A. Moss (best value ebook reader .TXT) π
PART V
CARE OF HEALTH AND KINDRED SUBJECTS
* CHAPTER I. =CARE OF THE HEALTH=--Importance of Good 1451-1469 Health--Germs--The Five Ways of Catching Disease-- Diseases Caught by Breathing in Germs--Diseases Caught by Swallowing Germs--Disease Caught by Touching Germs-- Diseases Caught from Biting Insects.
* CHAPTER II. =PERSONAL HYGIENE=--Keep the Skin Clean-- 1470-1477 Keep the Body Properly Protected against the Weather-- Keep the Body Properly Fed--Keep the Body Supplied with Fresh Air--Keep the Body well Exercised--Keep the Body Rested by Sufficient Sleep--Keep the Body Free of Wastes.
* CHAPTER III. =FIRST AID TO THE SICK AND INJURED= 1478-1522 --Objectof Teaching First Aid--Asphyxiation by Gas-- Bite of Dog--Bite of Snake--Bleeding-
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1. Arms upward 2. RAISE, 3. Arms, 4. DOWN. Fig. 2.
At the command raise, raise the arms from the sides, extended to their full length, with the forward movement, until they are vertically overhead, backs of hands turned outward, fingers as in 1.
This position may also be assumed by raising the arms laterally until vertical. The instructor cautions which way he desires it done.
1. Arms backward, 2. CROSS, 3. Arms, 4. DOWN. Fig. 3.
At the command cross, the arms are folded across the back; hands grasping forearms.
1. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE, 3. Arms, 4. DOWN. Fig. 4.
At the command raise, raise the forearms to the front until horizontal, elbow forced back, upper arms against the chest, hands tightly closed, knuckles down.
1. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE, 3. Arms, 4. DOWN. Fig. 5.
At the command place, place the hands on the hips, the finger tips in line with trouser seams; fingers extended and joined, thumbs to the rear, elbows pressed back.
Combination of arm exercises
1. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE, 3. THRUST ARMS FORWARD; SWING THEM SIDEWARD, FORWARD, AND BACK TO POSITION.
Four counts; repeat 8 to 10 times.
The arms are thrust forward, then relaxed and swung sideward, then forward and finally brought back to position, pressing elbows well to the rear; execute moderately fast; exhale on the first and third and inhale on the second and fourth counts.
SETTING-UP EXERCISES837. As has been stated previously, the setting-up exercises form the basis upon which the entire system of physical training in the service is founded. Therefore too much importance can not be attached to them. Through the number and variety of movements they offer it is possible to develop the body harmoniously with little if any danger of injurious results. They develop the muscles and impart vigor and tone to the vital organs and assist them in their functions; they develop endurance and are important factors in the development of smartness, grace, and precision. They should be assiduously practiced. The fact that they require no apparatus of any description makes it possible to do this out of doors or even in the most restricted room, proper sanitary conditions being the only adjunct upon which their success is dependent. No physical training drill is complete without them. They should always precede the more strenuous forms of training, as they prepare the body for the greater exertion these forms demand.
At the discretion of instructors these exercises may be substituted by others of a similar character. Instructors are cautioned, however, to employ all the parts of the body in every lesson and to suit the exercise as far as practicable to the natural function of the particular part of the body which they employ.
In these lessons only the preparatory command is given here; the command of execution, which is invariably Exercise, and the commands of continuance, as well as the command to discontinue, having been explained are omitted.
Every preparatory command should convey a definite description of the exercise required; by doing so long explanations are avoided and the men will not be compelled to memorize the various movements.
Recruit InstructionFirst Series
Position of attention, from at ease and rest.
Starting position, Figs. 1 to 5.
TRUNK EXERCISES838. 1. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE, 3. QUARTER BEND TRUNK FORWARD.
Two counts; repeat 8 to 10 times, Fig. 6.
The trunk is inclined forward at the waist about 45Β° and then extended again; the hips are as perpendicular as possible; execute slowly; exhale on first and inhale and raise chest on second count.
By substituting the words half or full for the word quarter in the command, the half bend, Fig. 7, and full bend exercise can be given.
1. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE, 3. BEND TRUNK BACKWARD.
Two counts; repeat 6 to 8 times, Fig. 8.
The trunk is bent backward as far as possible; head and shoulders fixed; knees extended; feet firmly on the ground; hips as nearly perpendicular as possible; in recovering care should be taken not to sway forward; execute slowly; inhale on first and exhale on second count.
1. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE, 3. BEND TRUNK SIDEWARD, RIGHT OR LEFT.
Two counts; repeat 6 to 8 times, Fig. 9.
The trunk, stretched at the waist, is inclined sideward as far as possible; head and shoulders fixed; knees extended and feet firmly on the ground; execute slowly; inhale on first and exhale on second count.
If an additional exercise is desired, by commanding: CIRCLE TRUNK RIGHT or LEFT a combination of the above trunk exercises is obtained.
LEG EXERCISES839. 1. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE, 3. QUARTER BEND KNEES.
Two counts; repeat 8 to 10 times, Fig. 10.
The knees are flexed until the point of the knee is directly over the toes; whole foot remains on ground; heels closed; head and body erect; execute moderately fast, emphasizing the extension; breathe naturally.
By substituting the words half or full for the word quarter in the command the half bend and full bend, Fig. 11, exercises can be given.
1. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE, 3. RAISE KNEE.
Two counts; repeat 10 to 12 times. Fig. 12.
The thigh and knee are flexed until they are at right angles, thigh horizontal: toes depressed; the right knee is raised at one and the left at two; trunk and head erect; execute in cadence of quick time; breathe naturally.
SHOULDER EXERCISE840. 1. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE, 3. MOVE SHOULDERS FORWARD, UP, BACK, AND DOWN.
Four counts; repeat 8 to 10 times.
The shoulders are relaxed and brought forward; in that position they are raised: then they are forced back without lowering them; and then they are dropped back to position; execute slowly; exhale on the first; inhale on the second and third and exhale on the last count.
NECK EXERCISE841. 1. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE, 3. TURN HEAD RIGHT, OR LEFT.
Two counts; repeat 6 to 10 times, Fig. 13.
The head, chin square, is turned to the right, or left as far as possible, muscles of the neck being stretched; shoulders remain square; execute slowly: breathe naturally.
To vary this exercise the head may be bent forward and to the rear by substituting the proper commands.
BREATHING EXERCISE842. 1. Breathing exercise, 2. INHALE, 3. EXHALE.
At inhale the arms are stretched forward overhead and the lungs are inflated; at exhale the arms are lowered laterally and the lungs deflated; execute slowly; repeat four times.
TOE EXERCISE843. 1. Arms backward, 2. CROSS, 3. RISE ON TOES.
Two counts; repeat 8 to 10 times, Fig. 14.
The body is raised smartly until the toes and ankles are extended as much as possible; heels closed; head and trunk erect; in recovering position heels are lowered gently; breathe naturally.
COMBINATION EXERCISE844. This exercise brings into play practically all of the muscles that have been used in the preceding exercises.
1. LEANING REST IN FOUR COUNTS.
Repeat 6 to 8 times, Figs. 15, 16.
Fig. 15 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 16At one knees are bent to squatting position, hands on the ground between knees; at two the legs are extended backward to the leaning rest; at three the first position is resumed, and at four the position of attention; hands should be directly under shoulders; back arched; knees straight; head fixed; execute moderately fast; breathe naturally.
Walking and Marching
845. The length of the full step in quick time is 30 inches, measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is at the rate of 120 steps per minute.
Proper posture and carriage have ever been considered very important in the training of soldiers. In marching, the head and trunk should remain immobile, but without stiffness; as the left foot is carried forward the right forearm is swung forward and inward obliquely across the body until the thumb, knuckles being turned out, reaches a point about the height of the belt plate. The upper arm does not move beyond the perpendicular plane while the forearm is swung forward, though the arm hangs loosely from the shoulder joint. The forearm swing ends precisely at the moment the left heel strikes the ground; the arm is then relaxed and allowed to swing down and backward by its own weight until it reaches a point where the thumb is about the breadth of a hand to the rear of the buttocks. As the right arm swings back, the left arm is swung forward with the right leg. The forward motion of the arm assists the body in marching by throwing the weight forward and inward upon the opposite foot as it is planted. The head is held erect; body well stretched from the waist; chest arched; and there should be no rotary motion of the body about the spine.
As the leg is thrown forward the knee is smartly extended, the heel striking the ground first.
The instructor having explained the principles and illustrated the step and arm swing, commands: 1. Forward, 2. MARCHβand to halt the squad he commands: 1. Squad, 2. HALT.
In executing the setting-up exercises on the march the cadence should at first be given slowly and gradually increased as the men become more expert; some exercises require a slow and others a faster pace; it is best in these cases to allow the cadence of the exercise to determine the cadence of the step.
The men should march in a single file at proved intervals. The command that causes and discontinues the execution should be given as the left foot strikes the ground.
On the march, to discontinue the exercise, command: 1. Quick time, 2. MARCH, instead of HALT, as when at rest.
All of the arm, wrist, finger, and shoulder exercises, and some of the trunk and neck, may be executed on the march by the same commands and means as when at rest.
The following leg and foot exercises are executed at the command march; the execution always beginning with the left leg or foot.
1. On toes, 2. MARCH. 1. On heels, 2. MARCH. 1. On right heel and left toe, 2. MARCH. 1. On left heel and right toe, 2. MARCH. 1. On toes with knees stiff, 2. MARCH. 1. Swing extended leg forward, ankle high, 2. MARCH. 1. Swing extended leg forward, knee high, 2. MARCH. 1. Swing extended leg forward, waist high, 2. MARCH. 1. Swing extended leg forward, shoulder high, 2. MARCH. 1. Raise heels, 2. MARCH. 1. Raise knees, thigh horizontal, 2. MARCH. 1. Raise knees, chest high, 2. MARCH. 1. Circle extended leg forward, ankle high, 2. MARCH. 1. Circle extended leg forward, knee high, 2. MARCH. 1. Circle extended leg forward, waist high, 2. MARCH. 1. Swing extended leg backward, 2. MARCH. 1. Swing extended leg sideward, 2. MARCH. 1. Raise knee and extend leg forward, 2. MARCH. 1. Raise heels and extend leg forward, 2. MARCH.Double Timing
846. The length of the step in double time is 36 inches; the cadence is at the rate of 180 steps per minute. To march in double time the instructor commands: 1. Double time, 2. MARCH.
If
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