An Elementary Study of Chemistry by William McPherson (best english books to read for beginners .txt) 📕

Quinine. This alkaloid occurs along with a number of others in the bark of certain trees which grow in districts in South America and also in Java and other tropical islands. It is a white solid, and its sulphate is used in medicine in the treatment of fevers.

Morphine. When incisions are made in the unripe capsules of one of the varieties of the poppy plant, a milky juice exudes which soon thickens. This is removed and partially dried. The resulting substance is the ordinary opium which contains a number of alkaloids, the principal one being morphine. This alkaloid is a white solid and is of great service in medicine.

Among the other alkaloids may be mentioned the following: Nicotine, a very poisonous liquid, the salts of which occur in the leaves of the tobacco plant; cocaine, a crystalline solid present in coca leaves and used in medicine as a local anæsthetic; atropine, a solid present in the berry of the deadly nightshade, and used in the treatment of diseases of the eye; strychnine, a white, intensely poisonous solid present in the seeds of the members of the Strychnos family.

Acetaldehyde 405

Acetic acid 406

Acetone 411

Acetylene 203
series 399

Acids 106
binary 113
characteristics 106
definition 107
dibasic 159
familiar 106
monobasic 159
nomenclature 113
organic 405
preparation 141
strength 111
ternary 113
undissociated 107

Acker furnace, 279

Agate 260

Air 83
a mechanical mixture 89
carbon dioxide in 87
changes in composition 87
liquid 91
nitrogen in 87
oxygen in 85
poisonous effects of exhaled 88
properties 90
quantitative analysis of 85
regarded as an element 83
standard for density 229
water vapor in 87

Alabaster 308

Alchemists 9

Alchemy 9

Alcohol, common 402
denatured 404
ethyl 402
methyl 402
wood 402

Alcohols 401

Aldehydes 405

Alizarin 418

Alkali 107, 274
family 274

Alkaline-earth family 300

Alkaloids 418

Allotropic forms 22

Alloys 252

Alum 333
ammonium 334
ammonium chrome 384
ammonium iron 352
baking powders 335
potassium 333
potassium chrome 384
potassium iron 352

Aluminates 332

Aluminium 327
bronze 330, 359
chloride 333
family 327
hydroxide 332
metallurgy 328
occurrence 327
oxide 331
preparation 328
properties 329
silicates 335
uses 330

Amalgam 362

Amethyst 260, 331

Ammonia 123
composition 127
preparation 123
properties 124
uses 125

Ammonium 126
acid carbonate 295
carbonate 295
chloride 294
compounds 294

Ammonium hydrosulphide 296
hydroxide 126
molybdate 388
oxalate 407
sulphate 295
sulphide 295
sulphide, yellow 296

Analysis 40

Anhydride 135
carbonic 206
chromic 387
nitric 135
nitrous 135
phosphoric 243
sulphuric 153

Anhydrite 288

Aniline 417

Anion 106

Anode 99

Anthracene 418

Antimony 250
acids 251
alloys 253
chloride 252
metallic properties 252
occurrence 251
oxides 251
preparation 251
properties 251
sulphides 251

Apatite 175, 239, 311

Aqua ammonia 124

Aqua regia 185

Aqueous tension 25

Argon 80

Arsenic 246
acids 250
antidote 250
Marsh's test 248
occurrence 246
oxides 249
preparation 246
properties 247
sulphides 250
white 249

Arsenopyrites 246

Arsine 247

Asbestos 321, 336

Atmosphere 83
constituents 83
function of constituents 84

Atomic hypothesis 61
theory 59
and laws of matter 63
and radium 314
weights, 65
accurate determination 231
and general properties 167
and specific heats 233
calculation of 231
Dalton's method 223
direct determination 233
from molecular weights 230
relation to equivalent 224
standard for 66
steps in determining 224

Atoms 62
size 65

Atropine 419

Aurates 396

Avogadro's hypothesis 226
and chemical calculations 235
and molecular weights 227

Azote 78

Azurite 357


Babbitt metal 253

Bacteria 85
decomposition of organic matter by 122
nitrifying 85

Baking powders 285, 408
alum 335
soda 285

Barium 312
chloride 313
nitrate 313
oxides 312
sulphate 313

Barytes 312

Bases 107
characteristics 107
definition 108
familiar 107
nomenclature 113
organic 412
strength 113
undissociated 108

Basic lining process 346

Bauxite 332

Beer 404

Benzene 417
derivatives 417
series 399

Benzine 400

Bessemer process 345

Bismuth 253
basic salts 255
chloride 253
nitrate 253
occurrence 253
oxides 254
preparation 253
salts, hydrolysis of 254
subnitrate 256
uses 253

Bismuthyl chloride 256

Blast furnace 341
lamp 38

Bleaching powder 306

Bleaching by chlorine 181
by sulphurous acid 152

Boiler scale 320

Bone ash 311

Bone black 200

Borax 265
bead 266

Bornite 357

Boron 257, 264
acids 265
fluoride 264
hydride 264
occurrence 264
oxides 264
preparation 264
properties 264

Brass 323

Bread making 416

Bromides 190

Bromine 187
occurrence 187
oxygen compounds 190
preparation 187
properties 188

Bronze 359
aluminium 330, 359

Butter fat 410

Butyric acid 407

By-product 284


Cadmium 325
compounds 326

Cæsium 294

Calamine 321

Calcite 305

Calcium 301
carbide 203, 310
carbonate 305
chloride 306
fluoride 308
hydroxide 303
occurrence 301
oxide 302
phosphate 246, 311
preparation 302
sulphate 308

Calomel 363

Calorie 76

Caramel 414

Carbohydrates 413

Carbolic acid 417

Carbon 196
allotropic forms 196
amorphous 198
compounds 196
crystalline forms 197
cycle in nature 88
dioxide 204
and bases 206
and plant life 88
in air 87
occurrence 204
preparation 204
properties 204
solid 204
disulphide 160, 210
family 196
hydrogen compounds 201
monoxide 208
occurrence 196
oxides 203
properties 200
pure 198
retort 199
uses 200

Carbonates 207
acid 207

Carbonic acid 206

Carborundum 259

Carnallite 288

Casein 414

Cassiterite 370

Catalysis 153

Catalyzers 153

Cathode 99

Cation 106

Caustic potash 288
soda 278

Celestite 312

Celluloid 415

Cellulose 415

Cement 304

Ceramic industries 336

Cerium 377

Chalcedony 260

Chalcocite 357

Chalcopyrite 357

Chalk 305

Chamber acid 157

Changes, physical and chemical 2

Charcoal 199

Chemical affinity 12
changes 2
compounds 7
equilibrium 128
properties 3

Chemistry, definition 4

Chili saltpeter 191, 285

Chinaware 336

Chloric acid 187

Chlorides 186

Chlorine 177
bleaching action 181
chemical properties 180
family 174
historical 177
occurrence 178
oxides 187
oxygen acids 187
preparation 178
properties 179

Chloroform 401

Chloroplatinic acid 393

Chlorous acid 187

Chromates 385

Chrome alum 384

Chromic acid 388
anhydride 387
chloride 383
hydroxide 383
sulphate 384
sulphide 384

Chromite 383

Chromium 383
a base-forming element 383
an acid-forming element 385
occurrence 383

Cinnabar 363

Citric acid 408

Clay 336

Coal 199
gas 217
products 400
tar 218

Cobalt 354
compounds 354

Cocaine 419

Coke 199

Collodion