An Elementary Study of Chemistry by William McPherson (best english books to read for beginners .txt) π
~Law of conservation of matter.~ The important truth just stated is frequently referred to as the law of conservation of matter, and this law may be briefly stated thus: Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, though it can be changed from one form into another.
~Classification of matter.~ At first sight there appears to be no limit to the varieties of matter of which the world is made. For convenience in study we may classify all these varieties under three heads, namely, mechanical mixtures, chemical compounds, and elements.
[Illustration: Fig. 1]
~Mechanical mixtures.~ If equal bulks of common salt and iron filings
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Colemanite 265
Combining weights 225
Combustion 17
broad sense 20
in air 19
phlogiston theory 19
products 18
spontaneous 20
supporters 213
Compounds, chemical 7
isomeric 414
of metals, preparation 265
structure of 118
Conservation of energy 4
of matter 5
Contact process 154
Converter, Bessemer 345
Copper 357
acetate 407
alloys of 359
family 356
hydroxide 360
metallurgy 357
occurrence 357
ores 357
oxide 360
properties 358
refining 358
sulphate 361
sulphide 361
uses 359
Copperas 350
Coral 305
Corrosive sublimate 363
Corundum 331
Cream of tartar 408
Crocoisite 383
Cryolite 175, 328
Crystallization 98
water of 54, 75
Crystallography 161
Crystals 161
axes of 161
systems 162
Cupric compounds 360
Cuprite 360
Cuprous compounds 360
chloride 360
oxide 360
Cyanides 210
solutions are alkaline 210
Dalton's atomic hypothesis 61
Decay 21
Decomposition of organic matter 122
Decrepitation 55
Deliquescence 55
Density of gases 230
Desiccating agents 55
Developers 367
Dewar bulb 91
Dextrose 414
Diamond 197
Dichromates 385
Dichromic acid 385
Dimorphous substances 163
Dissociation 99
and boiling point 101
and freezing point 101
equations of 112
extent of 113
Distillation 50
Dogtooth spar 306
Dolomite 319
Double decomposition 71
Drummond light 38
Dyeing 333
Dynamite 409
Earth metals 327
Efflorescence 54
Electric furnace 221
Electro-chemical industries 269
Electrode 99
Electrolysis 99
of sodium chloride 102
of sodium sulphate 103
of water 41, 102
Electrolytes 99
Electrolytic dissociation 99
Electroplating 366
Electrotyping 359
Elements, definition 8
atomic weights 232
earlier classification 165
names 11
natural groups 165
number of 9
occurrence 10
periodic division 166
physical state 10
symbols of 11
Emery 331
Energy 4
and plant life 89
chemical 5
conservation of 4
transformation of 5
Enzyme 405
Epsom salts 320
Equations 68
are quantitative 72
knowledge requisite for 69
not algebraic 74
reading of 69
Equilibrium 138
chemical 138
in solution 139
point of 138
Equivalent 224
determination of 224
elements with more than one 225
relation to atomic weight 224
Etching 177
Ether 411
Ethereal salts 409
Ethers 411
Ethylamine 412
Ethylene series 399
Eudiometer 43
Evaporation 11
Families in periodic groups 170
triads 165
Family resemblances 170
Fats 409
Fatty acid series 405
Feldspar 261, 335
Fermentation 404
acetic 406
alcoholic 404, 405
lactic 414
Ferric chloride 352
hydroxide 352
salts 351
reduction 353
sulphate 352
Ferrochromium, 383
Ferromanganese 343
Ferrosilicon 259
Ferrous carbonate 351
salts 350
oxidation of 353
sulphate 350
sulphide 350
Fertilizers 245
Filtration 6, 51
beds 52
Fire damp 202
Flames 213
appearance 214
blowpipe 216
Bunsen 214
conditions for 213
hydrogen 34
luminosity 216
oxidizing 214
oxyhydrogen 37
reactions 296
reducing 214
structure 214
Flash lights 317
Flint 260
Fluorides 177
Fluorine 175
Fluorspar 175, 308
Fluosilicic acid 259
Flux 340
Fool's gold 351
Formaldehyde 405
Formalin 405
Formic acid 406
Formulas 68
how determined 234
structural 119
Fractional distillation 51
Franklinite 321
Fuels 220
Furnace, arc 221
electric 221
resistance 221
Fusion methods 271
Galena 373
Gallium 327
Galvanized iron 323
Gas, collection of 15
coal 217
fuel 217
illuminating 217
measurement of 23
natural 219
purification of 218
water 219
Gases, table 220
Gasoline 400
German silver 323, 359
Germanium 370
Germs, effect of cold on 53
in air 84
in water 52
Glass 262
coloring of 263
etching of 177
molding of 263
nature of 263
varieties 263
Glauber's salt 281
Glazing 336
Glucose 414
Glycerin 405
nitrates of 409
Gold 393
alloys 396
chloride 396
coin 359
extraction of 394
in copper 358
mining 394
occurrence 393
properties 396
refining of 395
telluride 394
Goldschmidt method 269, 330
Gram-molecular weight 236
Granite 336
Graphite 198
Gun cotton 415
metal 359
powder 292
Gypsite 308
Gypsum 308
Halogens 174
Hard water 309
Heat of reaction 75
Helium 80, 314
Hematite 339, 349
Homologous series 398
Hydriodic acid 193
Hydrobromic acid 189
Hydrocarbons 201, 398
properties 400
series 398
substitution products 401
Hydrochloric acid 182
composition 183
oxidation of 185
preparation 182
properties 184
salts 186
Hydrocyanic acid 210
Hydrofluoric acid 176
etching by 177
salts of 177
Hydrogen 28
dioxide 56
explosive with oxygen 35
occurrence 28
preparation from acids 30
preparation from water 28
properties 32
standard for atomic weights 66
standard for molecular weights 227
sulphide 146
uses 38
Hydrolysis 254
conditions affecting 255
partial 255
Hydrosulphuric acid 146
Hydroxyl radical 112
Hypochlorous acid 187
Hypothesis 61
Avogadro's 226
Dalton's 61
Ice manufacture 125
Iceland spar 305
Indigo 418
Indium 327
Insoluble compounds 272
Iodic acid 194
Iodides 193
Iodine 190
oxygen compounds 193
preparation 191
properties 192
tincture 192
Iodoform 192, 401
Ions 100
and electrolytes 104
Iridium 393
Iron 339
alum 352
cast 343
compounds 349
cyanides 352
disulphide 351
family 338
metallurgy 339
occurrence 339
ores 339
oxides 349
pure 348
varieties 342, 347
wrought 343
Jasper 260
Kainite 288
Kaolin 261, 335
Kerosene 400
Ketones 411
Kieserite 288
Kindling temperature 17
Krypton 80
Lactic acid 408
Lampblack 200
Laughing gas 132
Law, definition 61
of Boyle 24
of Charles 23
of combining volumes 194
of conservation of energy 4
of conservation of matter 5, 59
of definite composition 59
of Dulong and Petit 233
of Gay-Lussac 194
of multiple proportion 60
of Raoult 233
periodic 169
Lead 373
acetate 375, 407
alloys 375
basic carbonate 376
carbonate 376
chloride 377
chromate 377
insoluble compounds 376
metallurgy 373
nitrate 375
occurrence 373
oxides 375
peroxide 375
properties 374
red 375
soluble salts 375
sugar of 375
sulphate 377
sulphide 377
white 376
Le Blanc soda process 282
Levulose 415
Lime 302
air-slaked 303
hypochlorite 307
kilns 303
slaked 303
Lime light 38
Limestone 305
Limewater 303
Limonite 339
Litharge 375
Lithium 294
Luminosity of flames 216
Lunar caustic 366
Magnesia 318
alba 319
usta 318
Magnesite 318
Magnesium 317
basic carbonate 319
carbonate 318
cement 318
chloride 319
family 316
hydroxide 318
oxide 318
silicates 321
sulphate
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