A Handbook of Health by Woods Hutchinson (readnow TXT) π
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e proper balance between them, how to live long and be useful and happy--this is what the interesting study of physiology and hygiene will teach you.
CHAPTER II
WHY WE HAVE A STOMACH
WHAT KEEPS US ALIVE
The Energy in Food and Fuel. The first question that arises in our mind on looking at an engine or machine of any sort is, What makes it go? If we can succeed in getting an answer to the question, What makes the human automobile go? we shall have the key to half its secrets at once. It is fuel, of course; but what kind of fuel? How does the body take it in, how does it burn it, and how does it use the energy or power stored up in it to run the body-engine?
Man is a bread-and-butter-motor. The fuel of the automobile is gasoline, and the fuel of the man-motor we call food. The two kinds of fuel do not taste or smell much alike; but they are alike in that they both have what we call energy, or power, stored up
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">234.
Candy, 50, 52.
Capillaries, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 119, 200.
Carbohydrates, 27, 41, 48, 141.
See also Starch-Sugars.
Carbon, 42.
Carbonates, 136.
Carbon dioxid,
in air, 140, 141;
in blood, 174;
in body cells, 112;
in breath, 137;
in lungs, 111, 196;
in spring water, 74, 83;
in yeast, 43.
Carbuncles, 320.
Carrots, 59.
Cartilage, 136, 210, 214.
Casein, 30, 36, 39.
Catarrh, 253, 256, 274.
Cathartic, 19.
Cecum, 20.
Celery, 58, 61.
Cells, 9, 14, 15, 17, 18, 201, 287;
eating done by, 108, 110, 112, 131;
of liver, 111;
of lungs, 135;
of muscles, 202, 203, 209;
of skin, 169, 170;
waste from, 131, 132;
water 111, 70.
Cereals, 42.
See also Breakfast Foods and Oatmeal.
Cerebellum, 270.
Cheese, 39.
Chemical change, 42.
Chickenpox, 290.
Children's diseases, 289-291;
from dirty milk, 37.
China, wearing nails long in, 173.
Chincon, Countess of, 301.
Chloral, 97.
Chloroform, 97, 199.
Chlorophyll, 5.
Choking, cause of, 135.
Cider, 94.
Cigarette habit, 104, 107.
Cinchona. See Quinine.
Circulation,
blood vessels of skin and, 184;
color an index to, 174;
control of, 226;
rate of, 196.
Clothing, 179-183.
Also 190, 247.
Coal-tar remedies, 237 note.
Cocci, 153.
of pneumonia, 154, 166.
Cochlea, 267.
Cocoa, 90, 91-93.
Coffee, 26, 89, 90, 91-93.
Colds, 125, 154-156, 199, 201, 291-293.
Colic, 23.
Colon, 8, 18.
Complexion, 114, 115, 176.
Concha, 268.
Cones, 264 note.
Constipation, 19, 20, 204.
Consumption, 152, 153, 157-166.
See also Tuberculosis.
Contraction, 203.
Convolutions, 219.
Cooking, 62-68.
Corn, 47, 60.
Cornea, 259, 260, 261.
Corns, 194, 195.
Corpuscles,
malaria germs in red, 301;
red, 109, 111, 132;
renewal of, 215;
white, 109, 110.
Cortex, 219, 223.
Cowpox, 296, 297.
Crystalline lens, 263.
Cucumbers, 26, 58, 61.
Culex pipiens, 302.
Dandruff, 191.
Dentine, 279.
Derma, 168.
Dextrin, 44.
Diaphragm, 8, 13, 276.
Diarrhea, 23, 47, 157.
See also Children's diseases.
Digestion,
by body cells, 17, 18;
by liver, 198;
food route in, 8;
in intestines, 16-20;
in mouth, 10-12;
in stomach, 13-15;
juices aiding, 9-12, 14-17;
preparatory, 9.
Digestive system, 7-9.
Diphtheria, 293-295;
germs of, 286, 310.
Disease,
causes of, 286-288;
effects of, 238;
germs of, 17 note, 152-154, 286, 301;
growth and spread of, 288-290;
hip-joint, 157.
Diseases, children's, 289-291;
nervous, 239, 240;
occupation, 153, 195.
Disinfectants, 193, 287, 303-307, 318.
Disinfection, 303;
methods of, 304-307;
of wounds, 316-319.
Dispensaries, tuberculosis, 160.
Drafts, 143, 144.
Drainage,
extent of wells, 77;
of sewage, 75-79;
of swamps, 302, 303.
Drink, 69-103.
See also Alcohol, Beverages, Water, etc.
Drowning, treatment for partial, 327-330.
Duct of a gland, development of, 10 note.
Dust, 22, 153, 154, 312, 313.
Dysentery, 199.
See also Diarrhea.
Dyspepsia, 47, 199, 204, 264.
Ear,
care of, 268, 269;
development of, 167, 252, 253;
structure of, 266-270.
Eczema, 59, 191.
Effervescence, 11, 43, 44.
Egg, digestion of, 14, 17.
Enamel, 279.
Energy in food and fuel, 4, 5.
England, smallpox in, 296, 297.
Epidermis, 168.
Epiglottis, 135.
Epithelial cells, 168, 169.
Eruptions, 193.
Esophagus, 7.
See also Gullet.
Ether, 97.
Ethers, 94.
Eustachian tube, 257.
Exercise, 241-251;
appetite and, 208;
heart and, 120-122, 126, 127, 128;
muscles and, 204, 205, 208, 209;
Also 154, 162, 163, 176, 238.
Extensors, 206.
Eyes,
care of, 266;
development of, 167, 252, 253;
structure of, 259-265.
Eye-strain, 236.
Fat, 51-55;
fuel value of, 27, 51, 52;
in digestion, 16, 17, 51;
in liver, 198, 199;
in milk, 30, 39.
Fatigue, 241-243.
Feces, 9, 18, 19, 192.
Femur, 214.
Fermentation, 94.
Fever, 175-177;
effect of, on heart, 125;
in consumption, 124.
Fibula, 213.
Filters,
domestic, 88;
nature's, 74, 75, 83, 85, 86;
of waterworks, 85, 86.
Fish,
fuel value of, 29;
wastes from, 201.
Fission of a bacillus, 288.
Flexors, 206.
Flies, 309-312.
Food,
absorption of, 17-19;
appetizing, 9-10;
as fuel, 4-7, 21, 25, 26;
changed into blood, 18;
cleanliness of, 22;
"coal," 25, 26, 27-55;
digestion of, 9-18;
in blood, 110-113;
irritating, 55, 59, 60;
"kindling," 25, 26, 56-61;
"paper," 25, 26, 31, 56-61;
preservation of, 22, 23;
sunlight in, 5-7;
variety in, 23-25;
water in, 73.
Food tube. See Alimentary canal.
Foot, 230-232.
Formaldehyde, 305-307.
Formalin, 305-307.
Fractures, 323, 324.
Freckles, 190.
Fruits,
composition of, 24, 57, 58;
fuel value of, 26, 58;
in diet, 23-25;
tainted, 22.
Furs, as clothing, 182.
Gall bladder, 199.
Gall stones, 199.
Games, 242-251.
Ganglia, 217, 221, 223.
Gardening, 61, 247, 248.
Gas, illuminating, 143.
sewer, 143;
See also Carbon dioxid, Carbonic acid.
Gastric juice, 198.
Gelatin,
in veal, 29;
for bacteria culture, 293, 309.
German proverb, 269.
Germany,
smallpox in, 197;
typhoid in, 80 note.
Germicides. See Disinfectants.
Germs, 17 note, 301.
See also Bacilli, Bacteria, Cocci, Disinfection, Disease.
Glands,
development of, 10, 11 note;
hair, 171, 172;
lachrymal, 261;
lymph, 17;
of ear, 269;
of intestine, 17-19;
of stomach, 15,16;
of throat, 256;
oil, 171;
parotid, 10;
salivary, 10, 11;
sublingual, 10 note;
submaxillary, 10 note;
sweat, 170, 171.
Glucose, 41.
Gluten, 28, 42, 48, 63.
Glycogen, 198.
"Goose-skin," 171.
Gout, 32.
Gray matter, 219, 221.
Gristle. See Cartilage.
Gullet, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 134, 135.
Habit, regularity of physical, 19.
Hair, 70, 171, 172 and note;
care of, 172, 193, 194;
diseases of, and scalp, 191,
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