A Handbook of Health by Woods Hutchinson (readnow TXT) π
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e proper balance between them, how to live long and be useful and happy--this is what the interesting study of physiology and hygiene will teach you.
CHAPTER II
WHY WE HAVE A STOMACH
WHAT KEEPS US ALIVE
The Energy in Food and Fuel. The first question that arises in our mind on looking at an engine or machine of any sort is, What makes it go? If we can succeed in getting an answer to the question, What makes the human automobile go? we shall have the key to half its secrets at once. It is fuel, of course; but what kind of fuel? How does the body take it in, how does it burn it, and how does it use the energy or power stored up in it to run the body-engine?
Man is a bread-and-butter-motor. The fuel of the automobile is gasoline, and the fuel of the man-motor we call food. The two kinds of fuel do not taste or smell much alike; but they are alike in that they both have what we call energy, or power, stored up
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">193.
Ham, 54, 55.
Hammer, 267.
"Ham-string" muscle, 208.
Hang nail, 189.
Headache, 235-237, 264.
Heart,
alcohol and, 99, 123, 124;
beat, 9, 13, 117, 118, 119, 126-129;
blood vessels connecting with, 111, 112;
care of, 122;
disease of, 123-128;
exercise and, 120-122, 241, 243;
function of, 108;
nerves and, 126-128;
repairing power of, 122, 123;
structure and action of, 115-117, 118, 119;
tea and coffee and, 128.
Heart-burn, 13.
Heat of body,
normal, 175;
radiation of, 175-177.
Heating, 149, 151.
Hemispheres, 216.
Hives, 59.
Hookworm, 191-193.
Humerus, 213.
Humus, risks to water from, 73, 74.
Hydrophobia, 287, 318.
Hygiene, 1-3.
Hyperopia, 262, 264.
Influenza, 239.
See also Colds.
Insanity, 239, 240.
Insect pests, 309-312.
Instincts, 3, 21.
Intestine,
absorption in, 14, 16-19;
digestion in, 9, 15-18, 20;
effect of fibrous foods on, 47, 60;
hookworm in, 192;
muscles supporting, 204.
Iris, 265.
Jaundice, 199.
Jenner, Dr., 296-298.
"Joint oil." See Synovial fluid.
Joints, 213, 214.
injury to, 323, 324.
Kidneys, 196, 197, 199-201.
See also Wastes.
Kipling quoted, 231.
Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, 286, 293.
Knee cap. See Patella.
Lactose, 30.
Lard, 52, 54.
Larynx, 272-276.
Laveran, 301.
Leavening, 43-45.
Legumin, 32.
Leprosy, 178.
Lettuce, 26, 61.
Lime,
carbon dioxid and, 137;
in body, 70, 210, 211;
in water, 88.
"Lime-juicers," 57 note.
Liver, 197-199;
development of, 11 note;
function of, 110, 111;
juice of, 16, 17;
position of, 13;
vein entering, 110;
weight of, 16;
See also Wastes.
Lungs, 133-136;
capillaries in, 111;
function of, 111;
diseases of, 153, 157-166;
See also Wastes.
Lymphatics, 17.
Malaria, 199, 300-303.
Maltose, 94.
Marrow, 215.
"spinal," 223 note.
Mastication, 11, 12.
Mastoid, 269.
Measles, 193, 239, 290, 291.
Meat,
digestion of, 14, 17;
fuel value of, 27-29, 58;
tainted, 22, 32, 335.
wastes from, 201.
Medulla, 223, 226.
Meningitis,
cerebro-spinal, 295;
tubercular, 157.
Mesentery, 16.
Microbes. See Bacteria.
Milk,
bacteria in, 22, 33-39, 308, 309;
digestion of, 14, 17;
fuel value of, 28-31;
inspection of, 34, 38, 39, 78;
stations, 30, 92.
Mosquitoes, 302, 303.
Mouth, 7, 8, 9;
in speaking and singing, 274-276;
infection from, 285;
breathing, 253, 256, 257, 283.
Mucous membrane, 14, 110, 118, 255, 256, 275.
Mucus, 255.
Mumps, 290.
Muscles, 202-209;
and nerves, 220-227;
controlling hair, 171.
disorders of, 229, 230, 233, 234.
exercise of, 241-248;
in breathing, 138.
See also 7, 12, 13, 15, 214, 261, 262.
Myopia, 262.
Myosin, 28.
Nails, 172-174.
See also 70, 188, 189.
Narcotics, 90, 97, 237, 238.
Nerves,
and heart, 126-128;
and muscles, 203, 220-227;
auditory, 266;
optic, 260;
sciatic, 222, 223, 224;
sensory and motor, 220;
spinal, 220, 221.
Nervous system, 216-227;
alcohol and, 97-103, 239;
development of, 167;
disorders of, 235-240;
effects of disease on, 238;
eyes and, 264;
fatigue and, 241-243;
tobacco and, 105, 106.
Nettle-rash. See Hives.
Neurons, 223.
Nicotine, 105.
Nitrogen,
as food, 27, 46, 47, 132, 201, 133 note;
in air, 132;
in soil, 308.
Nose, 167, 252-255, 274-276.
Nuts, 32, 55.
Oatmeal, 42, 47, 48.
Ohio River, pollution of, 87 note.
Oil, in killing larvæ, 302, 303, 311.
Oleomargarine, 53, 54.
Onions, 58, 60.
Opium, 97, 238.
See also Narcotics.
Orbit, 260.
Oxidation, 131-133.
Oxygen,
gas jets and, 143;
in blood, 109, 110-113, 132;
in water, 86.
Ozone. See Oxygen.
Palate, 8.
Panama, malaria in, 303.
Pancreas, 11 note, 16.
Pancreatic juice, 11 note, 12, 16, 17.
Papillae, 258.
Paralysis, 178, 239.
infantile, 300.
Parasites, animal, in the skin, 191-193.
Parsnips, 59.
Patella, 207.
Patent medicines, 237, 238.
Peaches, 58.
Peanuts, 55.
Pears, 58.
Peas, 32.
Pelvis, 214.
Pemmican, 52.
Pepsin, 14, 16.
Peptic juice, 11 note, 14, 15.
Periosteum, 215, 234.
Peritoneum, 20.
Peroxide of hydrogen, 318.
Perspiration. See Sweat.
Pharynx, 8, 254, 256.
Phenacetin, 237 note.
Philippine Islands, smallpox in, 297.
Physiology, 1-3.
Pigment, 191.
Pneumonia, 165, 166.
coccus of, 154;
effects of, on heart, 125.
Poisoning, treatments for, 324-327.
Poison ivy, 325, 326.
Portal vein, 110, 198.
Post mortem, 101.
Potatoes, 26, 27, 40, 41, 42, 48, 56, 57.
Privy vault, dangers from, 78, 79, 81, 192.
Proteins, 27, 28;
changed by liver, 198;
in food, 28, 30, 31, 32, 47;
wastes from, 199.
Protozoa, 287, 288.
Ptomaines, 22.
Ptyalin, 11.
Pulse, 112, 117, 118.
Pupil, 265.
Pylorus, 8.
Quarantine, 291, 298.
Quinine, 301.
Radius, 213.
Reading, position in, 228.
Recti, 261.
Rectum, 9, 18.
Reflex, 221, 222.
Reservoirs, 84-86;
also, 79, 80, 85 note.
Respiration, artificial, 329, 330.
Retina, 260, 262, 263, 264.
Rheumatism, 123, 125, 292, 295.
Ribs, 138.
Rice,
fermented, 96;
fuel value of, 48.
Ringworm, 191.
Rods, 264 note.
Russia, smallpox in, 297.
Rye, 48.
SakΓ©, 96.
Saliva, 9-11, 12, 16.
Salts, 6;
from deep soil, 75;
in vegetables, 57, 59, 60;
in water, 77, 83, 88;
laxative, 6 note, 19.
Scabies, 191.
Scapula, 213.
Scarlet fever, 193, 201, 239, 290, 291.
School,
gardens, 247, 248;
luncheons, 68;
physician, 121, 122;
recesses, 146.
Sclerotic coat, 261.
Scrofula, 157.
Scurvy, 57.
Seaver, Dr., experiments with smokers, 106.
Selection, power of, 197.
Semi-circular canals, 269, 270.
Sense,
of hearing, 266;
of pain, 177, 224;
of sight, 260;
of smell, 256;
of taste, 257-259;
of temperature, 177;
of touch, 177, 178 and note;
sixthβof direction or balance, 269, 270.
Senses and ideas, 225, 226.
Septum, 254.
Shoes, 195, 231, 232.
Skeleton, 211, 212.
Skin, 167-178;
accidents to,
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