A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) by Calvin Cutter (read more books .txt) 📕
13. One of the most important distinctions between animals and plants, is the different effects of respiration. Animals consume the oxygen of the atmosphere, and give off carbonic acid; while plants take up the carbonic acid, and restore to animals the oxygen, thus affording an admirable example of the principle of compensation in nature.
14. But the decisive distinctions between animals and plants are
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Tri-cus´pid. [L. tres, three, and cuspis, point.] The triangular valves in the right side of the heart.
Troch´le-a. [Gr. τροχαλια, trochalia, a pulley.] A pulley-like cartilage, over which the tendon of a muscle of the eye passes.
Troch-le-a´ris. The name of a muscle of the eye.
Trunk. The principal part of the body, to which the limbs are articulated.
Tu´ber-cle. [L. tuber, a bunch.] A small push, swelling, or tumor, on animal bodies.
Tu-ber-os´i-ty. The state of being knobbed or protuberant.
Tym´pan-um. [L.] The middle ear.
Ul´na. [L.] A bone of the forearm.
Ul´nar, Ul-na´ris. Relating to the ulna.
U´ric. [Gr. ουρον, ouron, urine.] An acid contained in urine, and in gouty concretions.
U-ve´a. [L. uva, a grape.] Resembling grapes. A thin membrane of the eye.
U´vu-la. A soft body, suspended from the palate, near the aperture of the nostrils, over the glottis.
Vac´cine Vi´rus. [L. vacca, a cow, virus, poison.] Pertaining to cows; derived from cows.
Valve. Any membrane, or doubling of any membrane, which prevents fluids from flowing back in the vessels and canals of the animal body.
Val´vu-la, -æ. A valve.
Vas´cu-lar. [L. vasculum, a vessel.] Pertaining to vessels; abounding in vessels.
Vas´tus. [L.] Great, vast. Applied to some large muscles.
Veins. Vessels that convey blood to the heart.
Ve´nous. Pertaining to veins.
Ven´tri-cle. [L. venter, the stomach.] A small cavity of the animal body.
Ven-tric´u-lar. Relating to ventricles.
Ver-mic´u-lar. [L. vermiculus, a little worm.] Resembling the motions of a worm.
Verm-i-form´is. [L. vermis, a worm, and forma, form.] Having the form and shape of a worm.
Vert´e-bra, -æ. [L. verto, to turn.] A joint of the spinal column.
Vert´e-bral. Pertaining to the joints of the spinal column.
Ves´i-cle. [L. vesica, a bladder.] A little bladder, or a portion of the cuticle separated from the cutis vera and filled with serum.
Ves´ti-bule. [L.] A porch of a house. A cavity belonging to the ear.
Vil´li. [L.] Fine, small fibres.
Vi´rus. [L. poison.] Foul matter of an ulcer; poison.
Vi´tal. [L. vita, life.] Pertaining to life.
Vit´re-ous. [L. vitrum, glass.] Belonging to glass. A humor of the eye.
Vo´lar. [L. vola, the hollow of the hand or foot.] Belonging to the palm of the hand.
Vo´mer. [L. a ploughshare.] One of the bones of the nose.
Zyg-o-mat´i-cus. [Gr. ζυγος, zugos, a yoke.] A term applied to some muscles of the face, from their attachment.
A. PAGE.
Abdomen, 34
Absorption, 181
——, Varieties of, 183
——, Cutaneous, 185
Acetabulum, 38
Acids, Acetic, 28
——, Benzoic, 28
——, Muriatic, 440
——, Nitric, 440
——, Oxalic, 28, 440
——, Sulphuric, 440
Air, Composition of the, 223
——, Influence of, on the Muscles, 90
——, Quality of the, 223, 318
——, Quantity inhaled, 222
——, Quantity exhaled, 228
——, Impure Air, the Effects of, 232
Air Vesicles, 212
Albumen, 27
Animal Heat, 252
Aorta, 159
——, Valves of the, 157
Apparatus, 18
Arteries, Structure of the, 158
——, Cutaneous, 285
——, Pulmonary, 158
Attitude, Effects of, on Digestion, 152
——, Effects of, on the Voice, 274
——, Effects of, in Respiration, 245
Auricles of the Heart, 156
Asphyxia, from Drowning, 249
——, from Electricity, 250
——, from Hanging, 250
——, from Carbonic Gas, 251
Azote, 26
B.
Bathing, Necessity of, 311
——, Methods of, 313
——, Proper Time for, 316
——, Influence of, on the System, 316
——, Frequency of, 317
Beds, 309
Bile, 122
Blood, Composition of, 154
——, Color of, 204
——, Quantity of, 171
——, Change of, 225
——, Impure, Effects of, 205
Bones, Anatomy of the, 29
——, Physiology of the, 48
——, Hygiene of the, 53
——, of the Head, 32
——, of the Trunk, 34
——, of the Upper Extremities, 39
——, of the Lower Extremities, 42
——, Composition of, 29
——, Ossification of, 30
——, Union of fractured, 62
——, Influence of Position on the, 55
Brain, 329
——, Functions of the, 346
——, Effects of Impure Blood on the, 360
——, Effects of inadequate Mental Exertion, 361
——, Effects of excessive Mental Exertion, 363
——, Directions for exercising the, 368
——, Membranes of the, 334
——, Injuries of the, 377
Bronchia, 212
Bronchitis, 214
Burns and Scalds, 319
Bursæ Mucosæ, 46
C.
Cæcum, 118
Capillaries, 163
Carbon, 26
Carbonic Gas, where formed, 224
——, Effects of, when inhaled, 230
——, Effects of, on Combustion, 230
——, Effects of, on Respiration, 231
Carpus, 41
Cartilage, 45
—— of the Larynx, 269
Caul, 123
Cellular Tissue, 19
Cerebellum, 331
464
Cerebrum, 330
Chest, 35
——, Compression of the, 56
——, Influence of the Size of the, 239
Chilblains, 321
Chlorine, 27
Chyle, 126
Chyme, 126
Circulatory Organs, Anatomy, 154
——, Physiology of the, 164
——, Hygiene of the, 172
Clavicle, 39
Clothing, Kind of, 301
——, Amount of, 305
——, Cleanliness of, 308
Coccyx, 38
Colds, Treatment of, 248
Colon, 119
Consumption, how frequently produced, 247
Corns, Treatment of, 295
Cuticle, Structure of the, 282
——, Use of the, 293
Cutis Vera, Structure of the, 283
D.
Definitions, General, 13
Diaphragm, 73, 215
Digestive Organs, Anatomy of the, 113
——, Physiology of the, 124
——, Hygiene of the, 129
——, Influence of the Mind on the, 148
——, Influence of Pure Air on the, 151
——, Influence of Position on the, 152
Drinks, how taken, 145
Drowned Persons, Treatment of, 249
Duodenum, 117
E.
Ear, Bones of, 34, 415
Epiglottis, 125, 270
Exhalants, 192
Exercise, how it should be taken, 91
——, Influence of, on the Bones, 53
——, Influence of, on Muscles, 85
——, Influence of, on the Circulation, 173
Eye, 394
Expiration, how effected, 220
F.
Face, Bones of the, 34
Fascia, 66
Fat, 67, 195
Femur, 42
Fibre, 18
Fibrin, 27
Fibula, 42
Filament, 18
Flannel, Use of, 302
Fluids, Use of, 17
Follicle, 192
Food, Quantity of the, 129
——, Quality of the, 134
——, Manner in which it is taken, 142
——, Condition of the system, when taken, 146
Foot, Bones of the, 44
Frozen Limbs, Treatment of, 320
G.
Gastric Juice, 125
Gelatin, 27
Glands, 193
——, Gastric, 116
——, Lachrymal, 402
——, Lymphatic, 183
——, Mesenteric, 121
——, Oil, 288
——, Perspiratory, 290
——, Salivary, 114
Glottis, 271
H.
Hair, 322
Heart, 154
——, Auricles of the, 156
——, Ventricles of the, 156
Heat, Animal, 252
——, Hygiene of, 261
Hearing, Anatomy of the Organs of, 414
——, Physiology of the Organs of, 420
——, Hygiene of the Organs of, 422
Humerus, 39
Hemorrhage, Means of arresting, 175
Hydrogen, 26
I.
Ileum, 118
Intestines, 117
Innominatum, 37
465
Inspiration, how effected, 219
Iron, 25
J.
Jejunum, 118
Joints, Structure of the, 45
L.
Lacteals, 120, 181
Laminæ, 17
Larynx, 268
Laryngitis, 276
Ligaments, 23, 47
——, Use of, 50
——, Capsular, 40
Light, Influence on the Skin, 318
Lime, 25
Liver, 122
Lungs, 209
Lymph, 30
Lymphatics, Anatomy of the, 181
——, Physiology of the, 183
——, Hygiene of the, 188
——, Cutaneous, 287
M.
Magnesia, 25
Marrow, Uses of, 24
Mediastinum, 211
Medulla Oblongata, 333
Membrane, 19
——, Adipose, 20
——, Cellular, 19
——, Dermoid, 22, 282
——, Mucous, 21
——, Muscular, 24
——, Serous, 21
Mesentery, 120
Metacarpus, 41
Mouth, Structure of, 113
Mucus, 28
Muscles, Anatomy of, 64
——, Physiology of, 76
——, Hygiene of, 85
——, Compression of, 93, 276
——, Exhaustion of, 87, 101
——, Effects of Pure Blood on, 89
——, Effects of Pure Air on the, 90
——, Effects of Light on the, 90
——, Influence of the Mind on,
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