A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) by Calvin Cutter (read more books .txt) 📕

Or´gan. A part of the system destined to exercise some particular function.

Or´i-gin. Commencement; source.

Os. [L.] A bone; the mouth of any thing.

O´ris. [L. os, oris.] Of the mouth.

Os Hy-oid´es. [Gr. See Hyoid.] The name of the bone at the base of the tongue.

Os´ma-zome. [Gr. οσμη, osmē, smell, and ζωμος, zōmos, broth.] A principle obtained from animal fibre which gives the peculiar taste to broth.

Os´sa. [L., plural of os, bone.] Bones.

Os´se-ous. Pertaining to bones.

Os-si-fi-ca´tion. The formation of bones in animals.

Os´si-fy. [L. ossa, bones, and facio, to make.] To convert into bone.

Os´sis. Of a bone.

O-va´le. [L.] The shape of an egg.

Ox-al´ic. Pertaining to sorrel. Oxalic acid is the acid of sorrel. It is composed of two equivalents of carbon and three of oxygen.

Ox´y-gen. A permanently elastic fluid invisible and inodorous. One of the components of atmospheric air.

Pa-la´tum. [L.] The palate; the roof of the mouth.

Pal-pe-bra´rum. [L. palpebra, the eyelid.] Of the eyelids.

Pal´mar. [L. palma, the palm.] Belonging to the hand.

Pal-ma´ris. A term applied to some muscles attached to the palm of the hand.

Pan´cre-as. [Gr. παν, pan, all, and κρεας, kreas, flesh.] The name of one of the digestive organs.

Pan-cre-at´ic. Belonging to the pancreas.

Pa-pil´la, -æ. [L.] Small conical prominences.

Pa-ral´y-sis. Abolition of function whether of intellect, sensation, or motion.

Pa-ren´chy-ma. [Gr. παρεγχεω, parengcheō, to pour through.] The substance contained between the blood vessels of an organ.

Pa-rot´id. [Gr. παρα, para, near, and ωτος, ōtos, the gen. of ους, ous, the ear.] The name of the largest salivary gland.

Pa-tel´la, -æ. [L.] The knee-pan.

Pa-thet´i-cus, -ci. [Gr. παθος, pathos, passion.] The name of the fourth pair of nerves.

Pec´tus. [L.] The chest.

Pec´to-ral. Pertaining to the chest.

Pec-to-ra´lis. Belonging to the chest.

Pe´dis. [L., gen. of pes, the foot.] Of the foot.

Pel´i-tongs. A term applied to masses of fat.

Pel´li-cle. [L., dim. of pellis, the skin.] A thin skin or film.

Pel´vic. Relating to the pelvis.

Pel´vis. [L.] The basin formed by the large bones at the lower part of the abdomen.

Pen´ni-form. [L. penna, a feather.] Having the form of a feather, or quill.

Per-i-car´di-um. [Gr. περι, peri, around, and καρδια, kardia, the heart.] A membrane that encloses the heart.

Per-i-chon´dri-um. [Gr. περι, peri, around, and χονδρος, chondros, cartilage.] A membrane that invests cartilage.

Per-i-cra´ni-um. [Gr. περι, and κρανιον, kranion, the cranium.] A membrane that invests the skull.

Per´ma-nent. Durable; lasting.

Per-i-stal´tic. [Gr. περιστελλω, peristello, to involve.] A movement like the crawling of a worm.

Per-spi-ra´tion. [L. per, through, and spiro, to breathe.] The excretion from the skin.

Phal´anx, -ges. [Gr. φαλαγξ, phalanx, an army.] Three rows of small bones forming the fingers or toes.

Pha-lan´gi-al. Belonging to the fingers or toes.

Pha-ryn´ge-al. Relating to the pharynx.

Phar´ynx. [Gr. φαρυγξ, pharunx.] The upper part of the œsophagus.

Phos´phor-us. [Gr. φως, phōs, the light, and φερω, pherō, to bear.] A combustible substance, of a yellowish color, semi-transparent, resembling wax.

Phren´ic. [Gr. φρην, phrēn, the mind.] Belonging to the diaphragm.

Phys-i-ol´o-gy. [Gr. φυσις, phusis, nature, and λογος, logos, a discourse.] The science of the functions of the organs of animals and plants.

Pi´a Ma´ter. [L., good mother.] The name of one of the membranes of the brain.

Pig-men´tum. [L.] Paint; a preparation of colors.

Pin´na. [L., a wing.] A part of the external ear.

Pla-tys´ma. [Gr. πλατυς, platūs, broad.] A muscle of the neck.

Pleu´ra, -æ. [Gr. πλευρα, pleura, the side.] A thin membrane that covers the inside of the thorax, and also forms the exterior coat of the lungs.

Pleu´ral. Relating to the pleura.

Plex´us. [L. plecto, to weave together.] Any union of nerves, vessels, or fibres, in the form of net-work.

Pneu-mo-gas´tric. [Gr. πνευμων, pneumōn, the lungs, and γαστηρ, gastēr, the stomach.] Belonging to both the stomach and lungs.

Pol´li-cis. [L.] A term applied to muscles attached to the fingers and toes.

Pons. [L.] A bridge. Pons varolii. A part of the brain formed by the union of the crura cerebri and cerebelli.

Pop-lit-e´al. [L. poples, the ham.] Pertaining to the ham or knee-joint. A name given to various parts.

Pos´ti-cus. [L.] Behind; posterior. A term applied to certain muscles.

Por´ti-o Du´ra. [L., hard portion.] The facial nerve; 8th pair.

Por´ti-o Mol´lis. [L., soft portion.] The auditory nerve; 7th pair.

Po-tas´si-um. [L.] The metallic basis of pure potash.

Pro-bos´cis. [Gr. προ, pro, before, and βοσκω, boskō, to feed.] The snout or trunk of an elephant or other animal.

Proc´ess. A prominence or projection.

Pro-na´tor. [L. pronus, turned downward.] The muscle of the forearm that moves the palm of the hand downward.

Pso´as. [Gr. ψοαι, psoai, the loins.] The name of two muscles of the leg.

Pu´pil. A little aperture in the centre of the iris, through which the rays of light pass to the retina.

Py-lor´ic. Pertaining to the pylorus.

Py-lor´us. [Gr. πυλωρος, pulōros, a gate keeper.] The lower orifice of the stomach, with which the duodenum connects.

Ra´di-us. [L., a ray, a spoke of a wheel.] The name of one of the bones of the forearm.

Ra-di-a´lis. Radial; belonging to the radius.

Ra´di-ate. Having lines or fibres that diverge from a point.

Ra´mus. [L.] A branch. A term applied to the projections of bones.

Rec-re-men-ti´tial. [L. re, again, and cerno, to secrete.] Consisting of superfluous matter separated from that which is valuable.

Rec´tum. The third and last portion of the intestines.

Rec´tus, -i. [L.] Straight; erect. A term applied to several muscles.

Re-sid´u-al. Pertaining to waste matter.

Re-sid´u-um. [L.] Waste matter. The fæces.

Res-pi-ra´tion. [L. re, again, and spiro, to breathe.] The act of breathing. Inspiring air into the lungs and expelling it again.

Re-spi´ra-to-ry. Pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration.

Ret´i-na. [L., rete, a net.] The essential organ of sight. One of the coats of the eye, formed by the expansion of the optic nerve.

Ro-tun´dum, -a. [L.] Round; circular.

Ru´ga, -æ. [L.] A wrinkle; a fold.

Sac´cu-lus. [L., dim. of saccus, a bag.] A little sac.

Sa´cral. Pertaining to the sacrum.

Sa´crum. [L., sacred.] The bone which forms the posterior part of the pelvis, and is a continuation of the spinal column.

Sa-li´va. [L.] The fluid which is secreted by the salivary glands, which moistens the food and mouth.

Sal´i-va-ry. That which belongs to the saliva.

San´guin-e-ous. [L. sanguis, the blood.] Bloody; abounding with blood; plethoric.

Sar-to´ri-us. [L. sartor, a tailor.] A term applied to a muscle of the thigh.

Sca´la, -æ. [L., a ladder.] Cavities of the cochlea.

Sca-le´nus. [Gr. σκαληνος, skalēnos, unequal.] A term applied to some muscles of the neck.

Scaph´oid. [Gr. σκαφη, skaphē, a little boat.] The name applied to one of the wrist-bones.

Scap´u-la. [L.] The shoulder-blade.

Scap´u-lar. Relating to the scapula.

Scarf-Skin. The outer, thin integument of the body; the cuticle.

Sci-at´ic. [Gr., pertaining to the loins.] The name of the large nerve of the loins and leg.

Scle-rot´ic. [Gr. σκληρος, sklēros, hard.] A membrane of the eye.

Se-ba´ceous. [L., sebum, tallow.] Pertaining to fat; unctuous matter.

Se-cre´tion. The act of secerning; the act of producing from the blood substances different front the blood itself, as bile, saliva. The matter secreted, as mucus, bile, &c.

Se-cre´to-ry. Performing the office of secretion.

Se-cun´dus. Second. A term applied to certain muscles.

Sem-i-cir´cu-lar. Having the form of a half circle. The name of a part of the ear.

Sem-i-ten-di-no´sus. [L. semi, half and tendo, a tendon.] The name of a muscle.

Sep´tum. [L.] A membrane that divides two cavities from each other.

Se´rous. Thin; watery. Pertaining to serum.

Se´rum. [L.] The thin, transparent part of blood.

Ser-ra´tus. [L. serro, to saw.] A term applied to some muscles of the trunk.

Sig´moid. [Gr.] Resembling the Greek σ, sigma.

Si-li´ci-um. A term applied to one of the earths.

Si´nus. [L., a bay.] A cavity, the interior of which is more expanded than the entrance.

Skel´e-ton. [Gr. σκελλω, skellō, to dry.] The aggregate of the hard parts of the body; the bones.

So´di-um. The metallic base of soda

Sphinc´ter. [Gr. σφιγγω, sphingo, to restrict.] A muscle that contracts or shuts an orifice.

Spi´nal Cord. A prolongation of the brain.

Spi-na´lis. Relating to the spine.

Spine. A thorn. The vertebral column; back-bone.

Spi´nous. Belonging to the spinal column.

Spleen. The milt. It is situated in the abdomen, and attached to the stomach.

Splen´ic. Relating to the spleen.

Sple´ni-us. The name of a muscle of the neck.

Sta´pes. The name of one of the small bones of the ear.

Ster´num. The breast-bone. The bone that forms the front of the chest from the neck to the stomach.

Stom´ach. The principal organ of the digestive apparatus.

Stra´tum. [L. sterno, to stew.] A bed; a layer.

Sty´loid. [L. stylus, a pencil.] An epithet applied to processes that resemble a style, a pen.

Sub-cla´vi-an. [L. sub, under, and clavis, a key.] Situated under the clavicle.

Sub-li´mis. High in place.

Sub-lin´gual. [L. sub, under, and lingua, the tongue.] Situated under the tongue.

Sub-max´il-la-ry. [L. sub, under, and maxilla, the jaw-bone.] Located under the jaw.

Sul´phur. A simple, mineral substance, of a yellow color, brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat.

Su-pe-ri-o´ris. A term applied to certain muscles.

Su-pi-na´tor. [L.] A muscle that turns the palm of the hand upward.

Sut´ure. [L. suo, to sew.] The seam or joint that unites the bones of the skull.

Syn-o´vi-a. [Gr. συν, sūn, with, and ωον, ōon, an egg.] The fluid secreted into the cavities of joints for the purpose of lubricating them.

Syn-o´vi-al. Pertaining to synovia.

Sys´tem. An assemblage of organs composed of the same tissues, and intended for the same functions.

Sys-tem´ic. Belonging to the general system.

Sys´to-le. [Gr. συστελλω, sūstellō, to contract.] The contraction of the heart and arteries for expelling the blood and carrying on the circulation.

Tar´sal. Relating to the tarsus.

Tar´sus. [L.] The posterior part of the foot.

Ten´don. [Gr. τεινω, teino, to stretch.] A hard, insensible cord, or bundle of fibres, by which a muscle is attached to a bone.

Ten´di-na, -æ. Pertaining to a tendon.

Tens´or. A muscle that extends a part.

Ten-tac´u-la, -æ. [L. tento, to seize.] A filiform process or organ on the bodies of various animals.

Ten-to´ri-um. [L. tendo, to stretch.] A process of the dura mater which lies between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Te´res. [L. teres, round.] An epithet given to many organs, the fibres of which are collected in small bundles.

Tho´rax. [Gr.] That part of the skeleton that composes the bones of the chest. The cavity of the chest.

Tho-rac´ic. Relating to the chest.

Thy´roid. [Gr. θυρεος, thureos, a shield.] Resembling a shield. A cartilage of the larynx.

Tib´i-a. [L., a flute.] The large bone of the leg.

Tib-i-a´lis, Tib´i-al. Relating to the tibia.

Tis´sue. The texture or organization of parts.

Ton´sil. [L.] A glandular body in the throat or fauces.

Tra´che-a. [Gr. τραχυς, trachus, rough.] The windpipe.

Tra´che-al. Belonging to the trachea.

Trans-verse´, Trans-ver-sa´lis. Lying in a cross direction.

Tra-pe´zi-us. The name of a muscle, so called from its form.

Tri´ceps. [L. tres, three,