The History of England, from the Accession of James the Second - Volume 1 by Thomas Babington Macaulay (diy ebook reader .txt) π
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ordinaire des autres nations" 13-23, 1685.
425 Burnet. i. 644; Evelyn's Diary, July 15; Sir J. Bramston's
Memoirs; Reresby's Memoirs; James to the Prince of Orange, July
14, 1685; Barillon, July 16-26; Bucclench MS.
426 James to the Prince of Orange, July 14, 1685, Dutch Despatch
of the same date, Dartmouth's note on Burnet, i. 646; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary, (1848) a copy of this diary, from July 1685 to
Sept. 1690, is among the Mackintosh papers. To the rest I was
allowed access by the kindness of the Warden of All Souls'
College, where the original MS. is deposited. The delegates of
the Press of the University of Oxford have since published the
whole in six substantial volumes, which will, I am afraid, find
little favour with readers who seek only for amusement, but which
will always be useful as materials for history. (1857.)
427 Buccleuch MS; Life of James the Second, ii. 37, Orig. Mem.,
Van Citters, July 14-24, 1685; Gazette de France, August 1-11.
428 Buccleuch MS.; Life of James the Second, ii. 37, 38, Orig.
Mem., Burnet, i. 645; Tenison's account in Kennet, iii. 432, ed.
1719.
429 Buccleuch MS.
430 The name of Ketch was often associated with that of Jeffreys
in the lampoons of those days.
"While Jeffreys on the bench, Ketch on the gibbet sits,''
says one poet. In the year which followed Monmouth's execution
Ketch was turned out of his office for insulting one of the
Sheriffs, and was succeeded by a butcher named Rose. But in four
months Rose himself was hanged at Tyburn, and Ketch was
reinstated. Luttrell's Diary, January 20, and May 28, 1686. See a
curious note by Dr, Grey, on Hudibras, part iii. canto ii. line
1534.
431 Account of the execution of Monmouth, signed by the divines
who attended him; Buccleuch MS; Burnet, i. 646; Van Citters, July
17-27,1685, Luttrell's Diary; Evelyn's Diary, July 15; Barillon,
July 19-29.
432 I cannot refrain from expressing my disgust at the barbarous
stupidity which has transformed this most interesting little
church into the likeness of a meetinghouse in a manufacturing
town.
433 Observator, August 1, 1685; Gazette de France, Nov. 2, 1686;
Letter from Humphrey Wanley, dated Aug. 25, 1698, in the Aubrey
Collection; Voltaire, Dict. Phil. There are, in the Pepysian
Collection, several ballads written after Monmouth's death which
represent him as living, and predict his speedy return. I will
give two specimens.
"Though this is a dismal story
Of the fall of my design,
Yet I'll come again in glory,
If I live till eighty-nine:
For I'll have a stronger army
And of ammunition store."
Again;
"Then shall Monmouth in his glories
Unto his English friends appear,
And will stifle all such stories
As are vended everywhere.
"They'll see I was not so degraded,
To be taken gathering pease,
Or in a cock of hay up braided.
What strange stories now are these!"
434 London Gazette, August 3, 1685; the Battle of Sedgemoor, a
Farce.
435 Pepys's Diary, kept at Tangier; Historical Records of the
Second or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot.
436 Bloody Assizes, Burnet, i. 647; Luttrell's Diary, July 15,
1685; Locke's Western Rebellion; Toulmin's History of Taunton,
edited by Savage.
437 Luttrell's Diary, July 15, 1685; Toulmin's Hist. of Taunton.
438 Oldmixon, 705; Life and Errors of John Dunton, chap. vii.
439 The silence of Whig writers so credulous and so malevolent
as Oldmixon and the compilers of the Western Martyrology would
alone seem to me to settle the question. It also deserves to be
remarked that the story of Rhynsault is told by Steele in the
Spectator, No. 491. Surely it is hardly possible to believe that,
if a crime exactly resembling that of Rhynsault had been
committed within living memory in England by an officer of James
the Second, Steele, who was indiscreetly and unseasonably forward
to display his Whiggism, would have made no allusion to that
fact. For the case of Lebon, see the Moniteur, 4 Messidor, l'an
3.
440 Sunderland to Kirke, July 14 and 28, 1685. "His Majesty,"
says Sunderland, "commands me to signify to you his dislike of
these proceedings, and desires you to take care that no person
concerned in the rebellion be at large." It is but just to add
that, in the same letter, Kirke is blamed for allowing his
soldiers to live at free quarter.
441 I should be very glad if I could give credit to the popular
story that Ken, immediately after the battle of Sedgemoor,
represented to the chiefs of the royal army the illegality of
military executions. He would, I doubt not, have exerted all his
influence on the side of law and of mercy, if he had been
present. But there is no trustworthy evidence that he was then in
the West at all. Indeed what we know about his proceedings at
this time amounts very nearly to proof of an alibi. It is certain
from the Journals of the House of Lords that, on the Thursday
before the battle, he was at Westminster, it is equally certain
that, on the Monday after the battle, he was with Monmouth in the
Tower; and, in that age, a journey from London to Bridgewater and
back again was no light thing.
442 North's Life of Guildford, 260, 263, 273; Mackintosh's View
of the Reign of James the Second, page 16, note; Letter of
Jeffreys to Sunderland, Sept. 5, 1685.
443 See the preamble of the Act of Parliament reversing her
attainder.
444 Trial of Alice Lisle in the Collection of State Trials; Act
of the First of William and Mary for annulling and making void
the Attainder of Alice Lisle widow; Burnet, i. 649; Caveat
against the Whigs.
445 Bloody Assizes.
446 Locke's Western Rebellion.
447 This I can attest from my own childish recollections.
448 Lord Lonsdale says seven hundred; Burnet six hundred. I have
followed the list which the Judges sent to the Treasury, and
which may still be seen there in the letter book of 1685. See the
Bloody Assizes, Locke's Western Rebellion; the Panegyric on Lord
Jeffreys; Burnet, i. 648; Eachard, iii. 775; Oldmixon, 705.
449 Some of the prayers, exhortations, and hymns of the
sufferers will be found in the Bloody Assizes.
450 Bloody Assizes; Locke's Western Rebellion; Lord Lonsdale's
Memoirs; Account of the Battle of Sedgemoor in the Hardwicke
Papers. The story in the Life of James the Second, ii. 43; is not
taken from the King's manuscripts, and sufficiently refutes
itself.
451 Bloody Assizes; Locke's Western Rebellion, Humble Petition
of Widows and Fatherless Children in the West of England;
Panegyric on Lord Jeffreys.
452 As to the Hewlings, I have followed Kiffin's Memoirs, and
Mr. Hewling Luson's narrative, which will be found in the second
edition of the Hughes Correspondence, vol. ii. Appendix. The
accounts in Locke's Western Rebellion and in the Panegyric on
Jeffreys are full of errors. Great part of the account in the
Bloody Assizes was written by Kiffin, and agrees word for word
with his Memoirs.
453 See Tutchin's account of his own case in the Bloody Assizes.
454 Sunderland to Jeffreys, Sept. 14, 1685; Jeffreys to the
King, Sept. 19, 1685, in the State Paper Office.
455 The best account of the sufferings of those rebels who were
sentenced to transportation is to be found in a very curious
narrative written by John Coad, an honest, Godfearing carpenter
who joined Monmouth, was badly wounded at Philip's Norton, was
tried by Jeffreys, and was sent to Jamaica. The original
manuscript was kindly lent to me by Mr. Phippard, to whom it
belongs.
456 In the Treasury records of the autumn of 1685 are several
letters directing search to be made for trifles of this sort.
457 Commons' Journals, Oct. 9, Nov. 10, Dec 26, 1690; Oldmixon,
706. Panegyrie on Jeffreys.
458 Life and Death of Lord Jeffreys; Panegyric on Jeffreys;
Kiffin's Memoirs.
459 Burnet, i 368; Evelyn's Diary, Feb. 4, 1684-5, July 13,
1686. In one of the satires of that time are these lines:
"When Duchess, she was gentle, mild, and civil;
When Queen, she proved a raging furious devil."
460 Sunderland to Jeffreys, Sept. 14, 1685.
461 Locke's Western Rebellion; Toulmin's History of Taunton,
edited by Savage, Letter of the Duke of Somerset to Sir F. Warre;
Letter of Sunderland to Penn, Feb. 13, 1685-6, from the State
Paper Office, in the Mackintosh Collection. (1848.)
The letter of Sunderland is as follows:-
"Whitehall, Feb. 13, 1685-6.
"Mr. Penne,
"Her Majesty's Maids of Honour having acquainted me that they
design to employ you and Mr. Walden in making a composition with
the Relations of the Maids of Taunton for the high Misdemeanour
they have been guilty of, I do at their request hereby let you
know that His Majesty has been pleased to give their Fines to the
said Maids of Honour, and therefore recommend it to Mr. Walden
and you to make the most advantageous composition you can in
their behalf."
I am, Sir,
"Your humble servant,
"SUNDERLAND."
That the person to whom this letter was addressed was William
Penn the Quaker was not doubted by Sir James Mackintosh who first
brought it to light, or, as far as I am aware, by any other
person, till after the publication of the first part of this
History. It has since been confidently asserted that the letter
was addressed to a certain George Penne, who appears from an old
accountbook lately discovered to have been concerned in a
negotiation for the ransom of one of Monmouth's followers, named
Azariah Pinney.
If I thought that I had committed an error, I should, I hope,
have the honesty to acknowledge it. But, after full
consideration, I am satisfied that Sunderland's letter was
addressed to William Penn.
Much has been said about the way in which the name is spelt. The
Quaker, we are told, was not Mr. Penne, but Mr. Penn. I feel
assured that no person conversant with the books and manuscripts
of the seventeenth century will attach any importance to this
argument. It is notorious that a proper name was then thought to
be well spelt if the sound were preserved. To go no further than
the
425 Burnet. i. 644; Evelyn's Diary, July 15; Sir J. Bramston's
Memoirs; Reresby's Memoirs; James to the Prince of Orange, July
14, 1685; Barillon, July 16-26; Bucclench MS.
426 James to the Prince of Orange, July 14, 1685, Dutch Despatch
of the same date, Dartmouth's note on Burnet, i. 646; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary, (1848) a copy of this diary, from July 1685 to
Sept. 1690, is among the Mackintosh papers. To the rest I was
allowed access by the kindness of the Warden of All Souls'
College, where the original MS. is deposited. The delegates of
the Press of the University of Oxford have since published the
whole in six substantial volumes, which will, I am afraid, find
little favour with readers who seek only for amusement, but which
will always be useful as materials for history. (1857.)
427 Buccleuch MS; Life of James the Second, ii. 37, Orig. Mem.,
Van Citters, July 14-24, 1685; Gazette de France, August 1-11.
428 Buccleuch MS.; Life of James the Second, ii. 37, 38, Orig.
Mem., Burnet, i. 645; Tenison's account in Kennet, iii. 432, ed.
1719.
429 Buccleuch MS.
430 The name of Ketch was often associated with that of Jeffreys
in the lampoons of those days.
"While Jeffreys on the bench, Ketch on the gibbet sits,''
says one poet. In the year which followed Monmouth's execution
Ketch was turned out of his office for insulting one of the
Sheriffs, and was succeeded by a butcher named Rose. But in four
months Rose himself was hanged at Tyburn, and Ketch was
reinstated. Luttrell's Diary, January 20, and May 28, 1686. See a
curious note by Dr, Grey, on Hudibras, part iii. canto ii. line
1534.
431 Account of the execution of Monmouth, signed by the divines
who attended him; Buccleuch MS; Burnet, i. 646; Van Citters, July
17-27,1685, Luttrell's Diary; Evelyn's Diary, July 15; Barillon,
July 19-29.
432 I cannot refrain from expressing my disgust at the barbarous
stupidity which has transformed this most interesting little
church into the likeness of a meetinghouse in a manufacturing
town.
433 Observator, August 1, 1685; Gazette de France, Nov. 2, 1686;
Letter from Humphrey Wanley, dated Aug. 25, 1698, in the Aubrey
Collection; Voltaire, Dict. Phil. There are, in the Pepysian
Collection, several ballads written after Monmouth's death which
represent him as living, and predict his speedy return. I will
give two specimens.
"Though this is a dismal story
Of the fall of my design,
Yet I'll come again in glory,
If I live till eighty-nine:
For I'll have a stronger army
And of ammunition store."
Again;
"Then shall Monmouth in his glories
Unto his English friends appear,
And will stifle all such stories
As are vended everywhere.
"They'll see I was not so degraded,
To be taken gathering pease,
Or in a cock of hay up braided.
What strange stories now are these!"
434 London Gazette, August 3, 1685; the Battle of Sedgemoor, a
Farce.
435 Pepys's Diary, kept at Tangier; Historical Records of the
Second or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot.
436 Bloody Assizes, Burnet, i. 647; Luttrell's Diary, July 15,
1685; Locke's Western Rebellion; Toulmin's History of Taunton,
edited by Savage.
437 Luttrell's Diary, July 15, 1685; Toulmin's Hist. of Taunton.
438 Oldmixon, 705; Life and Errors of John Dunton, chap. vii.
439 The silence of Whig writers so credulous and so malevolent
as Oldmixon and the compilers of the Western Martyrology would
alone seem to me to settle the question. It also deserves to be
remarked that the story of Rhynsault is told by Steele in the
Spectator, No. 491. Surely it is hardly possible to believe that,
if a crime exactly resembling that of Rhynsault had been
committed within living memory in England by an officer of James
the Second, Steele, who was indiscreetly and unseasonably forward
to display his Whiggism, would have made no allusion to that
fact. For the case of Lebon, see the Moniteur, 4 Messidor, l'an
3.
440 Sunderland to Kirke, July 14 and 28, 1685. "His Majesty,"
says Sunderland, "commands me to signify to you his dislike of
these proceedings, and desires you to take care that no person
concerned in the rebellion be at large." It is but just to add
that, in the same letter, Kirke is blamed for allowing his
soldiers to live at free quarter.
441 I should be very glad if I could give credit to the popular
story that Ken, immediately after the battle of Sedgemoor,
represented to the chiefs of the royal army the illegality of
military executions. He would, I doubt not, have exerted all his
influence on the side of law and of mercy, if he had been
present. But there is no trustworthy evidence that he was then in
the West at all. Indeed what we know about his proceedings at
this time amounts very nearly to proof of an alibi. It is certain
from the Journals of the House of Lords that, on the Thursday
before the battle, he was at Westminster, it is equally certain
that, on the Monday after the battle, he was with Monmouth in the
Tower; and, in that age, a journey from London to Bridgewater and
back again was no light thing.
442 North's Life of Guildford, 260, 263, 273; Mackintosh's View
of the Reign of James the Second, page 16, note; Letter of
Jeffreys to Sunderland, Sept. 5, 1685.
443 See the preamble of the Act of Parliament reversing her
attainder.
444 Trial of Alice Lisle in the Collection of State Trials; Act
of the First of William and Mary for annulling and making void
the Attainder of Alice Lisle widow; Burnet, i. 649; Caveat
against the Whigs.
445 Bloody Assizes.
446 Locke's Western Rebellion.
447 This I can attest from my own childish recollections.
448 Lord Lonsdale says seven hundred; Burnet six hundred. I have
followed the list which the Judges sent to the Treasury, and
which may still be seen there in the letter book of 1685. See the
Bloody Assizes, Locke's Western Rebellion; the Panegyric on Lord
Jeffreys; Burnet, i. 648; Eachard, iii. 775; Oldmixon, 705.
449 Some of the prayers, exhortations, and hymns of the
sufferers will be found in the Bloody Assizes.
450 Bloody Assizes; Locke's Western Rebellion; Lord Lonsdale's
Memoirs; Account of the Battle of Sedgemoor in the Hardwicke
Papers. The story in the Life of James the Second, ii. 43; is not
taken from the King's manuscripts, and sufficiently refutes
itself.
451 Bloody Assizes; Locke's Western Rebellion, Humble Petition
of Widows and Fatherless Children in the West of England;
Panegyric on Lord Jeffreys.
452 As to the Hewlings, I have followed Kiffin's Memoirs, and
Mr. Hewling Luson's narrative, which will be found in the second
edition of the Hughes Correspondence, vol. ii. Appendix. The
accounts in Locke's Western Rebellion and in the Panegyric on
Jeffreys are full of errors. Great part of the account in the
Bloody Assizes was written by Kiffin, and agrees word for word
with his Memoirs.
453 See Tutchin's account of his own case in the Bloody Assizes.
454 Sunderland to Jeffreys, Sept. 14, 1685; Jeffreys to the
King, Sept. 19, 1685, in the State Paper Office.
455 The best account of the sufferings of those rebels who were
sentenced to transportation is to be found in a very curious
narrative written by John Coad, an honest, Godfearing carpenter
who joined Monmouth, was badly wounded at Philip's Norton, was
tried by Jeffreys, and was sent to Jamaica. The original
manuscript was kindly lent to me by Mr. Phippard, to whom it
belongs.
456 In the Treasury records of the autumn of 1685 are several
letters directing search to be made for trifles of this sort.
457 Commons' Journals, Oct. 9, Nov. 10, Dec 26, 1690; Oldmixon,
706. Panegyrie on Jeffreys.
458 Life and Death of Lord Jeffreys; Panegyric on Jeffreys;
Kiffin's Memoirs.
459 Burnet, i 368; Evelyn's Diary, Feb. 4, 1684-5, July 13,
1686. In one of the satires of that time are these lines:
"When Duchess, she was gentle, mild, and civil;
When Queen, she proved a raging furious devil."
460 Sunderland to Jeffreys, Sept. 14, 1685.
461 Locke's Western Rebellion; Toulmin's History of Taunton,
edited by Savage, Letter of the Duke of Somerset to Sir F. Warre;
Letter of Sunderland to Penn, Feb. 13, 1685-6, from the State
Paper Office, in the Mackintosh Collection. (1848.)
The letter of Sunderland is as follows:-
"Whitehall, Feb. 13, 1685-6.
"Mr. Penne,
"Her Majesty's Maids of Honour having acquainted me that they
design to employ you and Mr. Walden in making a composition with
the Relations of the Maids of Taunton for the high Misdemeanour
they have been guilty of, I do at their request hereby let you
know that His Majesty has been pleased to give their Fines to the
said Maids of Honour, and therefore recommend it to Mr. Walden
and you to make the most advantageous composition you can in
their behalf."
I am, Sir,
"Your humble servant,
"SUNDERLAND."
That the person to whom this letter was addressed was William
Penn the Quaker was not doubted by Sir James Mackintosh who first
brought it to light, or, as far as I am aware, by any other
person, till after the publication of the first part of this
History. It has since been confidently asserted that the letter
was addressed to a certain George Penne, who appears from an old
accountbook lately discovered to have been concerned in a
negotiation for the ransom of one of Monmouth's followers, named
Azariah Pinney.
If I thought that I had committed an error, I should, I hope,
have the honesty to acknowledge it. But, after full
consideration, I am satisfied that Sunderland's letter was
addressed to William Penn.
Much has been said about the way in which the name is spelt. The
Quaker, we are told, was not Mr. Penne, but Mr. Penn. I feel
assured that no person conversant with the books and manuscripts
of the seventeenth century will attach any importance to this
argument. It is notorious that a proper name was then thought to
be well spelt if the sound were preserved. To go no further than
the
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