Underground by Suelette Dreyfus (top rated books of all time txt) đź“•
The critics have been good to `Underground', for which I am verygrateful. But the best praise came from two of the hackers detailed inthe book. Surprising praise, because while the text is free of thenarrative moralising that plague other works, the selection of materialis often very personal and evokes mixed sympathies. One of the hackers,Anthrax dropped by my office to say `Hi'. Out of the blue, he said witha note of amazement, `When I read those chapters, it was so real, as ifyou had been right there inside my head'. Not long after Par, half aworld away, and with a real tone of bewildered incredulity in his voicemade exactly the same observation. For a writer, it just doesn't get anybetter than that.
By releasing this book for free on the Net, I'm hoping more peoplewill not only enjoy the story of how the international computerunderground rose to power, but also make
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`Mr McKenny? This is Peter Baker. I’d like my shovel back, please.’
`I don’t have your shovel.’
`Yeah, I lent it to you. Lent it to you like two years ago. I want it back now.’
`I never borrowed no shovel from you. Go away.’
`You did. You borrowed that shovel of mine. And if you don’t give it back I’m a gonna come round and get it myself. And you won’t like it. Now, when you gonna give me that shovel back?’
`Damn it! I don’t have your goddamn shovel!’
`Give me my shovel!’
`Stop calling me! I’ve never had your friggin’ shovel. Let me be!’ Click.
Nine in the morning. Eight at night. Two a.m. There would be no peace for Mr McKenny until he admitted borrowing that shovel from a boy half his age and half a world away.
Sometimes Anthrax pranked closer to home. The Trading Post, a weekly rag of personals from people selling and buying, served as a good place to begin. Always the innocent start, to lure them in.
`Yes, sir, I see you advertised that you wanted to buy a bathtub.’ Anthrax put on his serious voice. `I have a bathtub for sale.’
`Yeah? What sort? Do you have the measurements, and the model number?’ And people thought phreakers were weird.
`Ah, no model number. But its about a metre and a half long, has feet, in the shape of claws. It’s older style, off-white. There’s only one problem.’ Anthrax paused, savouring the moment.
`Oh? What’s that?’
`There’s a body in it.’
Like dropping a boulder in a peaceful pond.
The list on System X had dial-up modem numbers, along with usernames and password pairs for each address. These usernames were not words like `jsmith’ or `jdoe’, and the passwords would not have appeared in any dictionary. 12[AZ63. K5M82L. The type of passwords and usernames only a computer would remember.
This, of course, made sense, since a computer picked them out in the first place. It generated them randomly. The list wasn’t particularly user-friendly. It didn’t have headers, outlining what each item related to. This made sense too. The list wasn’t meant to be read by humans.
Occasionally, there were comments in the list. Programmers often include a line of comment in code, which is delineated in such a way that the computer skips over the words when interpreting the commands. The comments are for other programmers examining the code. In this case, the comments were places. Fort Green. Fort Myers. Fort Ritchie. Dozens and dozens of forts. Almost half of them were not on the mainland US. They were in places like the Philippines, Turkey, Germany, Guam. Places with lots of US military presence.
Not that these bases were any secret to the locals, or indeed to many Americans. Anthrax knew that anyone could discover a base existed through perfectly legal means. The vast majority of people never thought to look. But once they saw such a list, particularly from the environment of a military computer’s bowels, it tended to drive the point home. The point being that the US military seemed to be everywhere.
Anthrax logged out of System X, killed all his connections and hung up the phone. It was time to move on. Routing through a few out-of-the-way connections, he called one of the numbers on the list. The username-password combination worked. He looked around. It was as he expected. This wasn’t a computer. It was a telephone exchange. It looked like a NorTel DMS 100.
Hackers and phreakers usually have areas of expertise. In Australian terms, Anthrax was a master of the X.25 network and a king of voice mailbox systems, and others in the underground recognised him as such. He knew Trilogues better than most company technicians. He knew Meridian VMB systems better than almost anyone in Australia. In the phreaking community, he was also a world-class expert in Aspen VMB systems. He did not, however, have any expertise in DMS 100s.
Anthrax quickly hunted through his hacking disks for a text file on DMS 100s he had copied from an underground BBS. The pressure was on. He didn’t want to spend long inside the exchange, maybe only fifteen or twenty minutes tops. The longer he stayed without much of a clue about how the thing operated, the greater the risk of his being traced. When he found the disk with the text file, he began sorting through it while still on-line at the telephone exchange. The phreakers’ file showed him some basic commands, things which let him gently prod the exchange for basic information without disturbing the system too much. He didn’t want to do much more for fear of inadvertently mutilating the system.
Although he was not an authority on DMS 100s, Anthrax had an old hacker friend overseas who was a real genius on NorTel equipment. He gave the list to his friend. Yes, the friend confirmed it was indeed a DMS 100 exchange at a US military base. It was not part of the normal telephone system, though. This exchange was part of a military phone system.
In times of war, the military doesn’t want to be dependent on the civilian telephone system. Even in times of peace, voice communications between military staff are more secure if they don’t talk on an exchange used by civilians. For this and a variety of other reasons, the military have separate telephone networks, just as they have separate networks for their data communications. These networks operate like a normal network and in some cases can communicate to the outside world by connecting through their own exchanges to civilian ones.
When Anthrax got the word from the expert hacker, he made up his mind quickly. Up went the sniffer. System X was getting more interesting by the hour and he didn’t want to miss a precious minute in the information gathering game when it came to this system.
The sniffer, a well-used program rumoured to be written by a Sydney-based Unix hacker called Rockstar, sat on System X under an innocuous name, silently tracking everyone who logged in and out of the system. It recorded the first 128 characters of every telnet connection that went across the ethernet network cable to which System X was attached. Those 128 bytes included the username and the passwords people used to log in. Sniffers were effective, but they needed time. Usually, they grew like an embryo in a healthy womb, slowly but steadily.
Anthrax resolved to return to System X in twelve hours to check on the baby.
`Why are you two watching those nigger video clips?’
It was an offensive question, but not atypical for Anthrax’s father. He often breezed through the house, leaving a trail of disruption in his wake.
Soon, however, Anthrax began eroding his father’s authority. He discovered his father’s secrets hidden on the Commodore 64 computer. Letters—lots of them—to his family in England. Vicious, racist, horrid letters telling how his wife was stupid. How she had to be told how to do everything, like a typical Indian. How he regretted marrying her. There were other matters too, things unpleasant to discuss.
Anthrax confronted his father, who denied the allegations at first, then finally told Anthrax to keep his mouth shut and mind his own business. But Anthrax told his mother. Tensions erupted and, for a time, Anthrax’s parents saw a marriage counsellor.
But his father did not give up writing the letters. He put a password protection program on the word processor to keep his son out of his business. It was a futile effort. His father had chosen the wrong medium to record his indiscretions.
Anthrax showed his mother the new letters and continued to confront his father. When the tension in the house grew, Anthrax would escape with his friends. One night they were at a nightclub when someone started taunting Anthrax, calling him `curry muncher’ and worse.
That was it. The anger which had been simmering below the surface for so long exploded as Anthrax violently attacked his taunter, hitting, kicking and punching him, using the tai kwon do combinations he had been learning. There was blood and it felt good. Vengeance tasted sweet.
After that incident, Anthrax often lashed out violently. He was out of control and it sometimes scared him. However, at times he went looking for trouble. Once he tracked down a particularly seedy character who had tried to rape one of his girlfriends. Anthrax pulled a knife on the guy, but the incident had little to do with the girl. The thing that made him angry was the disrespect. This guy knew the girl was with Anthrax. The attempted rape was like spitting in his face.
Perhaps that’s what appealed to Anthrax about Islam—the importance of respect. At sixteen he found Islam and it changed his life. He discovered the Qu’raan in the school library while researching an assignment on religion. About the same time, he began listening to a lot of rap music. More than half the American rappers in his music collection were Muslim, and many sang about the Nation of Islam and the sect’s charismatic leader, Minister Louis Farrakhan. Their songs described the injustices whites inflicted on blacks. They told blacks to demand respect.
Anthrax found a magazine article about Farrakhan and began reading books like the Autobiography of Malcolm X. Then he rang up the Nation of Islam head office in Chicago and asked them to send some information. The Final Call, the NOI newsletter, arrived one day, followed by other literature which began appearing around Anthrax’s home. Under the TV guide. On the coffee table. Amid the pile of newspapers. On top of his computer. Anthrax often took time to read articles aloud to his mother while she did housework.
In the middle of 1990, when Anthrax was in year 11, his father suggested the boy attend Catholic boarding school in Melbourne. The school was inexpensive and the family could scrape and save to pay the fees. Anthrax disliked the idea, but his father insisted.
Anthrax and his new school proved a bad match. The school thought he asked too many questions, and Anthrax thought the school answered too few of them. The hypocrisy of the Catholic church riled Anthrax and pushed him further into the arms of NOI. How could he respect an institution which had sanctioned slavery as a righteous and progressive method of converting people? The school and Anthrax parted on less than friendly terms after just one semester.
The Catholic school intensified a feeling of inferiority Anthrax had felt for many years. He was an outsider. The wrong colour, the wrong size, too intelligent for his school. Yet, NOI’s Minister Farrakhan told him that he wasn’t inferior at all. `I know that you have been discriminated against because of your colour,’ Farrakhan told Anthrax from the tape player. `Let me tell you why. Let me tell you about the origins of the white race and how they were put on this earth to do evil. They have shown themselves to be nothing but an enemy of the East. Non-whites are the original people of the earth.’
Anthrax found some deep veins of truth in NOI’s teachings. Interracial marriages don’t work. A white man marries a non-white woman because he wants a slave, not because he loves and respects her. Islam respects women in more meaningful ways than Western religions. Perhaps it wasn’t the type of respect that Western men were used to giving women, but he had seen that kind of respect in his own home and he didn’t think much of it.
Anthrax read the words of the Honourable Elijah Muhammad, founder of NOI: `The enemy does not have
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