Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral by Phillis Wheatley (the lemonade war series .TXT) đ
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Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral was the first book of poetry ever published by an African-American author. Phillis Wheatleyâs deep familiarity with Latin literature and Christianity, combined with her African ancestry, provided her with a unique and inimitable view of poetry.
She was kidnapped and brought over to America on a ship called The Phillis after which she was named. Her interest in poetry and literature was recognized by the Wheatley family who, though keeping her enslaved, provided her with classic works of literature by authors such as Virgil, Homer, Terence, and Pope, all of whom had a significant influence on her work.
She received praise from many of her contemporaries including George Washington, John Hancock, and Voltaire. Shortly after publishing her collection of poetry she was emancipated by the Wheatley family. Even so, her life ended in poverty and obscurity.
Though her influence on poetry and African-American literature is indisputable, more modern critics of her work point to the lack of censure of slavery and the absence of discussion about the lives of black people in the United States as an example of the Uncle Tom syndrome.
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- Author: Phillis Wheatley
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Beyond description beautiful she moves
Like heavânly Venus, âmidst her smiles and loves:
She views around the supplicating train,
And shakes her graceful head with stern disdain,
Proudly she turns around her lofty eyes,
And thus reviles celestial deities:
âWhat madness drives the Theban ladies fair
âTo give their incense to surrounding air?
âSay why this new sprung deity preferrâd?
âWhy vainly fancy your petitions heard?
âOr say why Caeusâ offspring is obeyâd,
âWhile to my goddesship no tributeâs paid?
âFor me no altars blaze with living fires,
âNo bullock bleeds, no frankincense transpires,
âThoâ Cadmusâ palace, not unknown to fame,
âAnd Phrygian nations all revere my name.
âWhereâer I turn my eyes vast wealth I find.
âLo! here an empress with a goddess joinâd.
âWhat, shall a Titaness be deifyâd,
âTo whom the spacious earth a couch denyâd!
âNor heavân, nor earth, nor sea receivâd your queen,
âââTill pitying Delos took the wandârer in.
âRound me what a large progeny is spread!
âNo frowns of fortune has my soul to dread.
âWhat if indignant she decrease my train
âMore than Latonaâs number will remain?
âThen hence, ye Theban dames, hence haste away,
âNor longer offârings to Latona pay?
âRegard the orders of Amphionâs spouse,
âAnd take the leaves of laurel from your brows.â
Niobe spoke. The Theban maids obeyâd,
Their brows unbound, and left the rights unpaid.
The angry goddess heard, then silence broke
On Cynthusâ summit, and indignant spoke;
âPhoebus! behold, thy mother in disgrace,
âWho to no goddess yields the prior place
âExcept to Junoâs self, who reigns above,
âThe spouse and sister of the thundâring Jove.
âNiobe, sprung from Tantalus, inspires
âEach Theban bosom with rebellious fires;
âNo reason her imperious temper quells,
âBut all her father in her tongue rebels;
âWrap her own sons for her blaspheming breath,
âApollo! wrap them in the shades of death.â
Latona ceasâd, and ardent thus replies,
The God, whose glory decks thâ expanded skies.
âCease thy complaints, mine be the task assignâd
âTo punish pride, and scourge the rebel mind.â
This Phoebe joinâd.â âThey wing their instant flight;
Thebes trembled as thâ immortal powârs alight.
With clouds incompassâd glorious Phoebus stands;
The featherâd vengeance quivâring in his hands.
Near Cadmusâ walls a plain extended lay,
Where Thebesâ young princes passâd in sport the day:
There the bold coursers bounded oâer the plains,
While their great masters held the golden reins.
Ismenus first the racing pastime led,
And rulâd the fury of his flying steed.
âAh me,â he sudden cries, with shrieking breath,
While in his breast he feels the shaft of death;
He drops the bridle on his courserâs mane,
Before his eyes in shadows swims the plain,
He, the first-born of great Amphionâs bed,
Was struck the first, first mingled with the dead.
Then didst thou, Sipylus, the language hear
Of fate portentous whistling in the air:
As when thâ impending storm the sailor sees
He spreads his canvas to the favâring breeze,
So to thine horse thou gavâst the golden reins,
Gavâst him to rush impetuous oâer the plains:
But ah! a fatal shaft from Phoebusâ hand
Smites throâ thy neck, and sinks thee on the sand.
Two other brothers were at wrestling found,
And in their pastime claspt each other round:
A shaft that instant from Apolloâs hand
Transfixt them both, and stretcht them on the sand:
Together they their cruel fate bemoanâd,
Together languishâd, and together groanâd:
Together too thâ unbodied spirits fled,
And sought the gloomy mansions of the dead.
Alphenor saw, and trembling at the view,
Beat his torn breast, that changâd its snowy hue.
He flies to raise them in a kind embrace;
A brotherâs fondness triumphs in his face:
Alphenor fails in this fraternal deed,
A dart dispatchâd him (so the fates decreed:)
Soon as the arrow left the deadly wound,
His issuing entrails smoakâd upon the ground.
What woes on blooming Damasichon wait!
His sighs portend his near impending fate.
Just where the well-made leg begins to be,
And the soft sinews form the supple knee,
The youth sore wounded by the Delian god
Attempts tâ extract the crime-avenging rod,
But, whilst he strives the will of fate tâ avert,
Divine Apollo sends a second dart;
Swift throâ his throat the featherâd mischief flies,
Bereft of sense, he drops his head, and dies.
Young Ilioneus, the last, directs his prayâr,
And cries, âMy life, ye gods celestial! spare.â
Apollo heard, and pity touchâd his heart,
But ah! too late, for he had sent the dart:
Thou too, O Ilioneus, are doomâd to fall,
The fates refuse that arrow to recal.
On the swift wings of ever flying Fame
To Cadmusâ palace soon the tidings came:
Niobe heard, and with indignant eyes
She thus expressâd her anger and surprise:
âWhy is such privilege to them allowâd?
âWhy thus insulted by the Delian god?
âDwells there such mischief in the powârs above?
âWhy sleeps the vengeance of immortal Jove?â
For now Amphion too, with grief oppressâd,
Had plungâd the deadly dagger in his breast.
Niobe now, less haughty than before,
With lofty head directs her steps no more.
She, who late told her pedigree divine,
And drove the Thebans from Latonaâs shrine,
How strangely changâd!â âyet beautiful in woe,
She weeps, nor weeps unpityâd by the foe.
On each pale corse the wretched mother spread
Lay overwhelmâd with grief, and kissâd her dead,
Then raisâd her arms, and thus, in accents slow,
âBe sated cruel Goddess! with my woe;
âIf Iâve offended, let these streaming eyes,
âAnd let this sevânfold funeral suffice:
âAh! take this wretched life you deignâd to save,
âWith them I too am carried to the grave.
âRejoice triumphant, my victorious foe,
âBut show the cause from whence your triumphs flow?
âThoâ I unhappy mourn these children slain,
âYet greater numbers to my lot remain.â
She ceasâd, the bow string twangâd with awful sound,
Which struck with terror all thâ assembly round,
Except the queen, who stood unmovâd alone,
By her distresses more presumptuous grown.
Near the pale corses stood their sisters fair
In sable vestures and dishevellâd hair;
One, while she draws the fatal shaft away,
Faints, falls, and sickens at the light of day.
To sooth her mother, lo! another flies,
And blames the fury of inclement skies,
And, while her words a filial pity show,
Struck dumbâ âindignant seeks the shades below.
Now from the fatal place another flies,
Falls in her flight, and languishes, and dies.
Another on her sister drops in death;
A fifth in trembling terrors yields her breath;
While the sixth seeks some gloomy cave in vain,
Struck with the rest, and mingled with the slain.
One only daughter lives, and she the least;
The queen close claspâd the daughter to her breast:
âYe heavânly powârs, ah spare me one,â she cryâd,
âAh! spare
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