Eugene O’Neill’sThe Hairy Ape isn’t one of his best-known works, but it has gained popularity as an exploration of early American society. It was first produced in 1922 by the Provincetown Players in Massachusetts, embracing expressionism in its set design and staging, before moving on to Broadway, where it faced resistance from local and federal governments due to its radical views.
The play examines the existential crisis of the protagonist, a brutish stoker named Yank, who begins the play secure in his role as the leader of firemen on an Atlantic ocean liner. But when confronted by the disdain of an upper-class passenger who calls him a “filthy beast,” he seeks to rebel against his place. Then, as all his plans for revenge fail, he slowly finds himself descending to the literal level that society has relegated him to.
O’Neill uses Yank’s search for belonging to explore the destructive forces of industrialization and social class. Early on, The Hairy Ape’s commentary on the dehumanization of workers caused it to be taken up by many labor groups and unions to further their own causes. The play also touches on themes of masculinity and socialism, and the repeated references to the “blackface” of the ship’s stokers and Yank’s degeneration into an animal have added a racial element to recent analyses.
to a point opposite the door; tiptoes softly up to it, listens, is impressed by the silence within, knocks carefully, as if he were guessing at the password to some secret rite. Listens. No answer. Knocks again a bit louder. No answer. Knocks impatiently, much louder.
Secretary
Turning around on his stool. What the devil is that—someone knocking? Shouts: Come in, why don’t you? All the men in the room look up. Yank opens the door slowly, gingerly, as if afraid of an ambush. He looks around for secret doors, mystery, is taken aback by the commonplaceness of the room and the men in it, thinks he may have gotten in the wrong place, then sees the signboard on the wall and is reassured.
Yank
Blurts out. Hello.
Men
Reservedly. Hello.
Yank
More easily. I tought I’d bumped into de wrong dump.
Secretary
Scrutinizing him carefully. Maybe you have. Are you a member?
Yank
Naw, not yet. Dat’s what I come for—to join.
Secretary
That’s easy. What’s your job—longshore?
Yank
Naw. Fireman—stoker on de liners.
Secretary
With satisfaction. Welcome to our city. Glad to know you people are waking up at last. We haven’t got many members in your line.
Yank
Naw. Dey’re all dead to de woild.
Secretary
Well, you can help to wake ’em. What’s your name? I’ll make out your card.
Yank
Confused. Name? Lemme tink.
Secretary
Sharply. Don’t you know your own name?
Yank
Sure; but I been just Yank for so long—Bob, dat’s it—Bob Smith.
Secretary
Writing. Robert Smith. Fills out the rest of card. Here you are. Cost you half a dollar.
Yank
Is dat all—four bits? Dat’s easy. Gives the Secretary the money.
Secretary
Throwing it in drawer. Thanks. Well, make yourself at home. No introductions needed. There’s literature on the table. Take some of those pamphlets with you to distribute aboard ship. They may bring results. Sow the seed, only go about it right. Don’t get caught and fired. We got plenty out of work. What we need is men who can hold their jobs—and work for us at the same time.
Yank
Sure. But he still stands, embarrassed and uneasy.
Secretary
Looking at him—curiously. What did you knock for? Think we had a coon in uniform to open doors?
Yank
Naw. I tought it was locked—and dat yuh’d wanter give me the once-over trou a peephole or somep’n to see if I was right.
Secretary
Alert and suspicious but with an easy laugh. Think we were running a crap game? That door is never locked. What put that in your nut?
Yank
With a knowing grin, convinced that this is all camouflage, a part of the secrecy. Dis burg is full of bulls, ain’t it?
Secretary
Sharply. What have the cops got to do with us? We’re breaking no laws.
Yank
With a knowing wink. Sure. Youse wouldn’t for woilds. Sure. I’m wise to dat.
Secretary
You seem to be wise to a lot of stuff none of us knows about.
Yank
With another wink. Aw, dat’s aw right, see. Then made a bit resentful by the suspicious glances from all sides. Aw, can it! Youse needn’t put me trou de toid degree. Can’t youse see I belong? Sure! I’m reg’lar. I’ll stick, get me? I’ll shoot de woiks for youse. Dat’s why I wanted to join in.
Secretary
Breezily, feeling him out. That’s the right spirit. Only are you sure you understand what you’ve joined? It’s all plain and above board; still, some guys get a wrong slant on us. Sharply. What’s your notion of the purpose of the I.W.W.?
Yank
Aw, I know all about it.
Secretary
Sarcastically. Well, give us some of your valuable information.
Yank
Cunningly. I know enough not to speak outa my toin. Then resentfully again. Aw, say! I’m reg’lar. I’m wise to de game. I know yuh got to watch your step wit a stranger. For all youse know, I might be a plainclothes dick, or somep’n, dat’s what yuh’re tinkin’, huh? Aw, forget it! I belong, see? Ask any guy down to de docks if I don’t.
Secretary
Who said you didn’t?
Yank
After I’m ’nitiated, I’ll show yuh.
Secretary
Astounded. Initiated? There’s no initiation.
Yank
Disappointed. Ain’t there no password—no grip nor nothin’?
Secretary
What’d you think this is—the Elks—or the Black Hand?
Yank
De Elks, hell! De Black Hand, dey’re a lot of yellow backstickin’ Ginees. Naw. Dis is a man’s gang, ain’t it?
Secretary
You said it! That’s why we stand on our two feet in the open. We got no secrets.
Yank
Surprised but admiringly. Yuh mean to say yuh always run wide open—like dis?
Secretary
Exactly.
Yank
Den yuh sure got your noive wit youse!
Secretary
Sharply. Just what was it made you want to join us? Come out with that straight.
Yank
Yuh call me? Well, I got noive, too! Here’s my hand. Yuh wanter blow tings up, don’t yuh? Well, dat’s me! I belong!
Secretary
With pretended carelessness. You mean change the unequal conditions of society by legitimate direct action—or with dynamite?
Yank
Dynamite! Blow it offen de oith—steel—all de cages—all de factories, steamers, buildings, jails—de Steel Trust and all dat makes it go.
Secretary
So—that’s your idea, eh? And did you have any special job in that line you wanted to propose to us. He makes a sign to the men, who get up cautiously one by one and group behind Yank.
Yank
Boldly. Sure, I’ll come out wit it. I’ll show youse I’m one of de gang. Dere’s dat millionaire guy, Douglas—
Secretary
President of the Steel Trust, you mean? Do you want to assassinate him?
Yank
Naw, dat don’t get yuh nothin’. I mean blow up de factory, de woiks, where he makes de steel. Dat’s what I’m after—to blow up de steel, knock all de steel in de woild up to de moon. Dat’ll fix tings! Eagerly, with a touch of bravado. I’ll do it by me lonesome! I’ll show yuh! Tell me where his woiks is, how to git there,
Comments (0)