Major Barbara is a three-act play that premiered at the Court Theatre in 1905, and was subsequently published in 1907. It portrays idealist Barbara Undershaft, a Major in the Salvation Army, and her encounter with her long-estranged father who has made his fortune as a “dealer of death” in the munitions industry. Barbara doesn’t wish to be associated with her father’s ill-gotten wealth, but can’t prevent him from donating to the Salvation Army and eventually converting her family to his capitalist views on how best to help the poor.
In the preface, Shaw addresses his critics and explicates his actual attitudes towards the Salvation Army, versus the attitudes and fates portrayed by his characters and responded to by the critics. He continues on to discuss the issues of wealth and poverty, religion and science, and how they all fit into his views of society.
Major Barbara is one of the most controversial of Shaw’s work and was greeted with decidedly mixed reviews, yet it endures as one of his most famous plays.
you would give me the right advice when it was properly explained to you. I have asked your father to come this evening. Stephen bounds from his seat. Don’t jump, Stephen: it fidgets me.
Stephen
In utter consternation. Do you mean to say that my father is coming here tonight—that he may be here at any moment?
Lady Britomart
Looking at her watch. I said nine. He gasps. She rises. Ring the bell, please. Stephen goes to the smaller writing table; presses a button on it; and sits at it with his elbows on the table and his head in his hands, outwitted and overwhelmed. It is ten minutes to nine yet; and I have to prepare the girls. I asked Charles Lomax and Adolphus to dinner on purpose that they might be here. Andrew had better see them in case he should cherish any delusions as to their being capable of supporting their wives. The butler enters: Lady Britomart goes behind the settee to speak to him. Morrison: go up to the drawing-room and tell everybody to come down here at once. Morrison withdraws. Lady Britomart turns to Stephen. Now remember, Stephen, I shall need all your countenance and authority. He rises and tries to recover some vestige of these attributes. Give me a chair, dear. He pushes a chair forward from the wall to where she stands, near the smaller writing table. She sits down; and he goes to the armchair, into which he throws himself. I don’t know how Barbara will take it. Ever since they made her a major in the Salvation Army she has developed a propensity to have her own way and order people about which quite cows me sometimes. It’s not ladylike: I’m sure I don’t know where she picked it up. Anyhow, Barbara shan’t bully me; but still it’s just as well that your father should be here before she has time to refuse to meet him or make a fuss. Don’t look nervous, Stephen, it will only encourage Barbara to make difficulties. I am nervous enough, goodness knows; but I don’t show it.
Sarah and Barbara come in with their respective young men, Charles Lomax and Adolphus Cusins. Sarah is slender, bored, and mundane. Barbara is robuster, jollier, much more energetic. Sarah is fashionably dressed: Barbara is in Salvation Army uniform. Lomax, a young man about town, is like many other young men about town. He is affected with a frivolous sense of humor which plunges him at the most inopportune moments into paroxysms of imperfectly suppressed laughter. Cusins is a spectacled student, slight, thin haired, and sweet voiced, with a more complex form of Lomax’s complaint. His sense of humor is intellectual and subtle, and is complicated by an appalling temper. The lifelong struggle of a benevolent temperament and a high conscience against impulses of inhuman ridicule and fierce impatience has set up a chronic strain which has visibly wrecked his constitution. He is a most implacable, determined, tenacious, intolerant person who by mere force of character presents himself as—and indeed actually is—considerate, gentle, explanatory, even mild and apologetic, capable possibly of murder, but not of cruelty or coarseness. By the operation of some instinct which is not merciful enough to blind him with the illusions of love, he is obstinately bent on marrying Barbara. Lomax likes Sarah and thinks it will be rather a lark to marry her. Consequently he has not attempted to resist Lady Britomart’s arrangements to that end.
All four look as if they had been having a good deal of fun in the drawing-room. The girls enter first, leaving the swains outside. Sarah comes to the settee. Barbara comes in after her and stops at the door.
Barbara
Are Cholly and Dolly to come in?
Lady Britomart
Forcibly. Barbara: I will not have Charles called Cholly: the vulgarity of it positively makes me ill.
Barbara
It’s all right, mother. Cholly is quite correct nowadays. Are they to come in?
Lady Britomart
Yes, if they will behave themselves.
Barbara
Through the door. Come in, Dolly, and behave yourself.
Barbara comes to her mother’s writing table. Cusins enters smiling, and wanders towards Lady Britomart.
Sarah
Calling. Come in, Cholly. Lomax enters, controlling his features very imperfectly, and places himself vaguely between Sarah and Barbara.
Lady Britomart
Peremptorily. Sit down, all of you. They sit. Cusins crosses to the window and seats himself there. Lomax takes a chair. Barbara sits at the writing table and Sarah on the settee. I don’t in the least know what you are laughing at, Adolphus. I am surprised at you, though I expected nothing better from Charles Lomax.
Cusins
In a remarkably gentle voice. Barbara has been trying to teach me the West Ham Salvation March.
Lady Britomart
I see nothing to laugh at in that; nor should you if you are really converted.
Cusins
Sweetly. You were not present. It was really funny, I believe.
Lomax
Ripping.
Lady Britomart
Be quiet, Charles. Now listen to me, children. Your father is coming here this evening. General stupefaction.
Lomax
Remonstrating. Oh I say!
Lady Britomart
You are not called on to say anything, Charles.
Sarah
Are you serious, mother?
Lady Britomart
Of course I am serious. It is on your account, Sarah, and also on Charles’s. Silence. Charles looks painfully unworthy. I hope you are not going to object, Barbara.
Barbara
I! why should I? My father has a soul to be saved like anybody else. He’s quite welcome as far as I am concerned.
Lomax
Still remonstrant. But really, don’t you know! Oh I say!
Lady Britomart
Frigidly. What do you wish to convey, Charles?
Lomax
Well, you must admit that this is a bit thick.
Lady Britomart
Turning with ominous suavity to Cusins. Adolphus: you are
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