Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (self help books to read TXT) 📕

18. Alexander McKay, The Western World; or, Travels in the United States in 1846–47 (London: Richard Bentley, 1850), 3:214–15.

19. Cox, Military Reminiscences, 1:179.

20. Welles, diary entry for August 17, 1862, in Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson, ed. John T. Morse (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911), 1:85; Edward Hagerman, The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare: Ideas, Organization, and Field Command (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 4–13.

21. E. B. Hamley, in Strachan, From Waterloo to Balaclava, 6.

22. Hattaway and Jones, How the North Won, 12–17.

23. David Clary, Eagles and Empire: The United States, Mexico, and the Struggle for a Continent (New York: Bantam Dell, 2009), 168.

24. Allan Peskin, Winfield Scott and the Profession of Arms (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2003), 249–51.

25. Hattaway and Jones, How the North Won, 9; Wayne Wei-siang Hseih, West Pointers and the Civil War: The Old Army in War and Peace (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 102.

26. Philip J. Haythornwaite, Uniforms of the Civil War, 1861–1865 (New York: Macmillan, 1976), 131–33, 175–76; Gary Shreckengost, The First Louisiana Special Battalion: Wheat’s Tigers in the Civil War (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008).

27. Steven Newton, Joseph E. Johnston and the Defense of Richmond (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998), 32.

28. George Edgar Turner, Victory Rode the Rails: The Strategic Place of the Railroads in the Civil War (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1972), 45–62; William Howard Russell, Pictures of Southern Life, Social, Political and Military (New York: James G. Gregory, 1861), 86.

29. Evelyn Wood, From Midshipman to Field Marshal (London: Methuen, 1906), 1:36.

30. Walt Whitman, “Specimen Days,” in The Portable Walt Whitman, ed. Mark Van Doren (New York: Viking Press, 1969), 498–501.

31. William C. Davis, Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977), 245, 253.

32. Russel H. Beatie, Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, November 1860–September 1861 (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2002), 422, 425–27, 501–17; Adam G. de Gurowski, Diary, from March 4, 1861, to November 12, 1862 (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1862), 76; Cox, Military Reminiscences, 1:243; Stephen W. Sears, “Building the Army of the Potomac,” MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 20 (Winter 2008): 80–81.

33. McClellan to Ellen Marcy McClellan, July 27, 1861, in The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, ed. Stephen W. Sears (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989), 70; Ethan Rafuse, McClellan’s War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005), 124.

34. Lincoln, “Message to Congress in Special Session,” July 4, 1861, in Collected Works, 4:438.

35. James F. Simon, Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney: Slavery, Secession, and the President’s War Powers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006), 177–78, 194.

36. Lincoln, “First Inaugural Address—Final Text,” March 4, 1861, and “Message to Congress in Special Session,” July 4, 1861, in Collected Works, 4:262–63, 438–39.

37. McClellan to Samuel Barlow, November 8, 1861, and to Mary Ellen McClellan, November 14, 1861, in Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, 128, 132.

38. McClellan to E. M. Stanton, February 3, 1862, in McClellan’s Own Story: The War for the Union (New York: C. L. Webster, 1887), 234.

39. Donald Stoker, The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 55, 58–60.

40. McClellan to Mary Ellen McClellan, August 16 and October 10, 1861, in Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, 85, 106.

41. Hay, diary entry for November 13, 1861, in Inside Lincoln’s White House, 32; McClellan to Mary Ellen McClellan, August 9, 1861, in Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, 82.

42. Bates, diary entry for January 3, 1862, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, ed. Howard K. Beale (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1933), 220; “General M. C. Meigs on the Conduct of the Civil War,” American Historical Review 26 (1920–21): 292–93; Bruce Tap, Over Lincoln’s Shoulder: The Committee on the Conduct of the War (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998), 105–6.

43. Steven S. L’Hommedieu, in Beatie, Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, 403.

44. General War Orders No. 1, January 27, 1862, and Special War Orders No. 1, January 31, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 5:41.

45. Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 131, 148–49, 160–61.

46. “President’s War Order No. 3,” March 11, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 5:54.

47. For Lincoln on “the slows,” see Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, 32; Rowena Reed, Combined Operations in the Civil War (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1978), 121–30.

48. Lorenzo Thomas to McClellan, April 4, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 11(III):66.

49. “Memorandum,” May 17, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 11(III):176–77; Newton, Joseph E. Johnston and the Defense of Richmond, 151, 168.

50. Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee Through His Private Letters (New York: Viking, 2007), 17, 32–33, 60, 63.

51. Lee to Anne Marshall, April 20, 1861, in The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, eds. Clifford Dowdey and Louis Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), 10; Alan Nolan, Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 40–41, 50–58.

52. Lincoln to McClellan, May 24, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 11(I):30; Peter Cozzens, Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 344–45.

53. Matt Spruill, Echoes of Thunder: A Guide to the Seven Days Battles (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 307.

54. Sears, To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1992), 208, 249, 294, 343–45; Clifford Dowdey, The Seven Days: The Emergence of Lee (Boston: Little, Brown, 1964), 273.

55. Daniel E. Sutherland, “Introduction to War: The Civilians of Culpeper County, Virginia,” in Civil War History 37 (June 1991): 124–25; “General Orders No. 5,” July 18, 1862, “General Orders No. 7,” July 10, 1862, “General Orders No. 11,” July 23, 1862, and “General Orders No. 13,” July 25, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 12(II):50–52,