Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (self help books to read TXT) 📕

20. George G. Meade to Margaretta Meade, March 4, 1865, in George G. Meade Papers, Box 1/Folder 4, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

21. A. Wilson Greene, The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign: Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2008), 112–25, 294–309; Earl J. Hess, In the Trenches at Petersburg: Field Fortifications and Confederate Defeat (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2009), 245–79.

22. Lee to John C. Breckinridge, February 21, 1865, and to James Longstreet, February 22, 1865, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, 906, 908; Michael Ballard, A Long Shadow: Jefferson Davis and the Final Days of the Confederacy (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 44, 46; Ernest B. Furgurson, Ashes of Glory: Richmond at War (New York: Knopf, 1996), 333, 336–37.

23. William Marvel, Lee’s Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 50–51.

24. Pollard, The Lost Cause, 704.

25. Young, in Thomas Nelson Page, “Robert E. Lee: Man and Soldier,” in The Novels, Stories, Sketches and Poems of Thomas Nelson Page (New York: Charles Scribner’s, 1912), 18:224; Philip H. Sheridan, “The Last Days of the Rebellion,” in Battles and Leaders, ed. Cozzens, 6:526–35; Greg Eames, Black Day of the Army: The Battles of Sailor’s Creek (Burkeville, VA: E. & H. Pubs., 2001), 166; Chris Calkins, The Battles of Appomattox Station and Appomattox Court House, April 8–9, 1865 (Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, 1987), 25–30; Henry E. Tremaine, Sailors’ Creek to Appomattox Court House, 7th, 8th, 9th April, 1865, or, The Last Hours of Sheridan’s Cavalry (New York: C. H. Ludwig, 1885), 34–38.

26. Thomas C. Devin, “Didn’t We Fight Splendid,” Civil War Times Illustrated 17 (December 1978): 38.

27. Marvel, Lee’s Last Retreat, 167–71; John S. Wise, The End of an Era (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1901), 429; J. H. Claiborne, “Last Days of Lee and His Paladins,” in War-Talks of Confederate Veterans, ed. G. S. Bernard (Dayton, OH: Morningside Press, 2003 [1892]), 256.

28. “Report of Lieut. Gen. U.S. Grant,” July 22, 1865, in War of the Rebellion, Series One, 34(I):56; Chris Calkins, The Appomattox Campaign, March 29–April 9, 1865 (Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, 1997), 169–77; Ulysses S. Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 735–41; Charles Marshall, Appomattox: An Address Delivered Before the Society of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States (Baltimore: Guggenheimer, Weil, 1894), 19–21, and “Occurrences at Lee’s Surrender,” Confederate Veteran, February 1894, 42.

29. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Century, 1907), 472–85.

30. Mills, History of the 16th North Carolina Regiment, 68.

31. Glatthaar, General Lee’s Army, 461–71.

32. Frank P. Cauble, The Surrender Proceedings, April 9, 1865, Appomattox Court House (Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, 1987), 93–100; Chamberlain, The Passing of the Armies: An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac, Based upon Personal Reminiscences of the Fifth Army Corps (Dayton, OH: Morningside Press, 1982 [1915]), 261; Chamberlain to Sara Brastow, April 13, 1865, in Through Blood and Fire: Selected Civil War Papers of Major General Joshua Chamberlain, ed. Mark Nesbitt (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 1996), 178–79.

33. Sherman to Grant, March 22, 1865, in War of the Rebellion, Series One, 47 (II):950.

34. Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes, Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 216; Johnston, Narrative of Military Operations … During the Late War Between the States (New York: D. Appleton, 1874), 398–400.

35. F. Milton Willis, Fort Sumter Memorial: The Fall of Fort Sumter, A Contemporary Sketch (New York: Edwin C. Hill, 1915), 35–45.

36. Julia Adeline Shepherd, April 16, 1865, in We Saw Lincoln Shot: One Hundred Eyewitness Accounts, ed. Timothy S. Good (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995), 55–56; Harold Holzer, “Eyewitnesses Remember the ‘Fearful Night,’” Civil War Times Illustrated 32 (March/April 1993): 14.

37. Edward Steers, Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2001), 116; Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies (New York: Random House, 2005), 225.

38. William Hanchett, The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986), 53–54.

39. “Major Rathbone’s Affidavit,” in John Edward Buckingham, Reminiscences and Souvenirs of the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Washington, DC: R. H. Darby, 1894), 75–76; Knox, in “Eyewitnesses Remember the ‘Fearful Night,’” 14.

40. John Hay and John George Nicolay, “The Fourteenth of April,” Century Magazine 39 (January 1890): 436; Charles S. Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century Magazine 45 (February 1893): 635; James Tanner to Henry F. Walch, April 17, 1865, in Howard H. Peck, “James Tanner’s Account of Lincoln’s Death,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 2 (December 1942): 179; Bryan, The Great American Myth, 189.

41. Chase, diary entry for April 15, 1865, in Inside Lincoln’s Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase, ed. David H. Donald (New York: Longmans, Green, 1954), 267–68.

42. Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case, 69–70; Michael Vorenberg, “Reconstruction as a Constitutional Crisis,” in Reconstructions: New Perspectives on the Postbellum United States, ed. Thomas J. Brown (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 167–68.

43. “Interview with a Colored Delegation respecting Suffrage,” February 7, 1866, in The Political History of the United States of America During the Period of Reconstruction (From April 15, 1865, to July 15, 1870), ed. Edward McPherson (Washington, DC: Solomons & Chapman, 1875), 55; Heather Cox Richardson, Westward from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 52; Kenneth Stampp, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865–1877 (New York: Knopf, 1965), 96; Garrett Epps, Democracy Reborn: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Fight for Civil Rights in Post–Civil War America (New York: H. Holt, 2006), 32–33.

44. Phillips, in The Radical Republicans and Reconstruction, 1861–1870, ed. Harold Hyman (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967), 480, 483; Stevens, “Reconstruction,” September 6, 1865, in Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens, 23; Peyton McCrary, “The Party of Revolution: Republican Ideas About Politics and Social Change, 1862–1867,” Civil War History 30 (December 1984): 330–50; “Desperation and Colonization,” Continental Monthly 1 (June 1862), 664.

45. William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 291; John C. Rodrigue, “Introduction,” in