Sybil by Benjamin Disraeli (book recommendations website TXT) ๐
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Benjamin Disraeli was a remarkable historical figure. Born into a Jewish family, he converted to Anglican Christianity as a child. He is now almost certainly most famous for his political career. Becoming a member of the British Parliament at the age of 33, he initially rose to prominence within the Conservative (โToryโ) party because of his clashes with the then Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. Rising to lead the Conservative Party, Disraeli became Prime Minister for a short period in 1868, and then for an extended period between 1874 and 1880. He became friendly with Queen Victoria and was appointed Earl of Beaconsfield by her in 1876.
However, Disraeli was much more than a politician. He wrote both political treatises and no less than seventeen novels during his lifetime, of which Sybil, or The Two Nations is now among the best regarded. The โTwo Nationsโ of the subtitle refer to the divisions in Britain between the rich and the poor, each of whom might as well be living in a different country from the other. In the novel, Disraeli highlights the terrible living conditions of the poor and the shocking injustices of how they were treated by most employers and land-owners. He contrasts this with the frivolous, pampered lifestyles of the aristocracy. He covers the rise of the Chartist movement, which was demanding universal manhood suffrageโthe right for all adult men to vote, regardless of whether they owned propertyโand other reforms to enable working men a voice in the government of the country. (Female suffrage was to come much later). The upheavals of the time led to the development of the Peopleโs Charter and a massive petition with millions of signatures being presented to Parliament. However the Parliament of the time refused to even consider the petition, triggering violent protests in Birmingham and elsewhere. All of this is well covered and explained in the novel.
Sybil is rather disjointed in structure as it ranges over these different topics, but the main plot revolves around Egremont, the younger son of a nobleman, who encounters some of the leaders of the workersโ movement and in particular Walter Gerard, one of the most respected of these leaders, whom Egremont befriends while concealing his real name and social position. During visits to Gerard under an assumed name, Egremont falls for the beautiful and saintly Sybil, Gerardโs daughter, but she rejects him when his true identity is exposed. Sybil subsequently undergoes many difficult trials as the peopleโs movement develops and comes into conflict with the authorities.
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- Author: Benjamin Disraeli
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The ladies Fitz-Warene were sandy girls, somewhat tall, with rather good figures and a grand air; the eldest very ugly, the second rather pretty; and yet both very much alike. They had both great conversational powers, though in different ways. Lady Joan was doctrinal; Lady Maud inquisitive: the first often imparted information which you did not previously possess; the other suggested ideas which were often before in your own mind, but lay tranquil and unobserved, till called into life and notice by her fanciful and vivacious tongue. Both of them were endowed with a very remarkable self-possession; but Lady Joan wanted softness, and Lady Maud repose.
This was the result of the rapid observation of Egremont, who was however experienced in the world and quick in his detection of manner and of character.
The dinner was stately, as becomes the high nobility. There were many guests, yet the table seemed only a gorgeous spot in the capacious chamber. The side tables were laden with silver vases and golden shields arranged on shelves of crimson velvet. The walls were covered with Fitz-Warenes, De Mowbrays, and De Veres. The attendants glided about without noise, and with the precision of military discipline. They watched your wants, they anticipated your wishes, and they supplied all you desired with a lofty air of pompous devotion.
โYou came by the railroad?โ enquired Lord de Mowbray mournfully, of Lady Marney.
โFrom Marham; about ten miles from us,โ replied her ladyship.
โA great revolution!โ
โIsnโt it?โ
โI fear it has a very dangerous tendency to equality,โ said his lordship shaking his head; โI suppose Lord Marney gives them all the opposition in his power.โ
โThere is nobody so violent against railroads as George,โ said Lady Marney; โI cannot tell you what he does not do! He organized the whole of our division against the Marham line!โ
โI rather counted on him,โ said Lord de Mowbray, โto assist me in resisting this joint branch here; but I was surprised to learn he had consented.โ
โNot until the compensation was settled,โ innocently remarked Lady Marney; โGeorge never opposes them after that. He gave up all opposition to the Marham line when they agreed to his terms.โ
โAnd yet,โ said Lord de Mowbray, โI think if Lord Marney would take a different view of the case and look to the moral consequences, he would hesitate. Equality, Lady Marney, equality is not our metier. If we nobles do not make a stand against the levelling spirit of the age, I am at a loss to know who will fight the battle. You many depend upon it that these railroads are very dangerous things.โ
โI have no doubt of it. I suppose you have heard of Lady Vanillaโs trip from Birmingham? Have you not, indeed! She came up with Lady Laura, and two of the most gentlemanlike men sitting opposite her; never met, she says, two more intelligent men. She begged one of them at Wolverhampton to change seats with her, and he was most politely willing to comply with her wishes, only it was necessary that his companion should move at the same time, for they were chained together! Two of the swell mob, sent to town for picking a pocket at Shrewsbury races.โ
โA countess and a felon! So much for public conveyances,โ said Lord Mowbray. โBut Lady Vanilla is one of those who will talk with everybody.โ
โShe is very amusing though,โ said Lady Marney.
โI dare say she is,โ said Lord de Mowbray; โbut believe me, my dear Lady Marney, in these times especially, a countess has something else to do than be amusing.โ
โYou think as property has its duties as well as its rights, rank has its bores as well as its pleasures.โ
Lord Mowbray mused.
โHow do you do, Mr. Jermyn?โ said a lively little lady with sparkling beady black eyes, and a very yellow complexion, though with good features; โwhen did you arrive in the North? I have been fighting your battles finely since I saw you,โ she added shaking her head, rather with an expression of admonition than of sympathy.
โYou are always fighting oneโs battles Lady Firebrace; it is very kind of you. If it were not for you, we should none of us know how much we are all abused,โ replied Mr. Jermyn, a young M.P.
โThey say you gave the most radical pledges,โ said Lady Firebrace eagerly, and not without malice. โI heard Lord Muddlebrains say that if he had had the least idea of your principles, you would not have had his influence.โ
โMuddlebrains canโt command a single vote,โ said Mr. Jermyn. โHe is a political humbug, the greatest of all humbugs; a man who swaggers about London clubs and consults solemnly about his influence, and in the country is a nonentity.โ
โWell, that canโt be said of Lord Clarinel,โ rejoined Lady Firebrace.
โAnd have you been defending me against Lord Clarinelโs attacks?โ inquired Mr. Jermyn.
โNo; but I am going to Wemsbury, and then I have no doubt I shall have the opportunity.โ
โI am going to Wemsbury myself,โ said Mr. Jermyn.
โAnd what does Lord Clarinel think of your pledge about the pension list?โ said Lady Firebrace daunted but malignant.
โHe never told me,โ said Mr. Jermyn.
โI believe you did not pledge yourself to the ballot?โ inquired Lady Firebrace with an affected air of inquisitiveness.
โIt is a subject that requires some reflection,โ said Mr. Jermyn. โI must consult some profound politician like Lady Firebrace. By the by, you told my mother that the conservatives would have a majority of fifteen. Do you think they will have as much?โ said Mr. Jermyn with an innocent air, it now being notorious that the Whig administration had a majority of double that amount.
โI said Mr. Tadpole gave us a majority of fifteen,โ said Lady Firebrace. โI knew he was in error; because I had happened to see Lord Melbourneโs own list, made
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