A Passage to India by E. M. Forster (top novels to read .txt) ๐
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The setting of A Passage to India is the British Raj, at a time of racial tension heightened by the burgeoning Indian independence movement. Adela Quested, a young British subject, is visiting India to decide whether to marry a suitor who works there as a city magistrate. During her visit, a local physician, Aziz, is accused of assaulting her. His trial brings tensions between the British rulers and their Indian subjects to a head.
The novel is a complex exploration of colonialism, written at a time when the popular portrayal of the Indian continent was of mystery and savagery. Forster humanized the Indian people for his at-home British audience, highlighting the damage that colonialism caused not just to interpersonal relationships, but to society at large. On the other hand, some modern scholars view the failure of the human relationships in the book as suggesting a fundamental โothernessโ between the two cultures: a gulf across which the disparate cultures can only see each otherโs shadows. In any case, the novel generatedโand continues to generateโan abundant amount of critical analysis.
A Passage to India is the last novel Forster published in his lifetime, and it frequently appears in โbest-ofโ lists of literature: The Modern Library selected it as one of its 100 great works of the 20th century, Time magazine included it in its โAll Time 100 Novelsโ list, and it won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction.
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- Author: E. M. Forster
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โI have already withdrawn it for the defence.โ He added with forensic humour: โPerhaps you can persuade the gentlemen outside to withdraw it too,โ for the refrain in the street continued.
โI am afraid my powers do not extend so far,โ said Das, smiling.
So peace was restored, and when Adela came to give her evidence the atmosphere was quieter than it had been since the beginning of the trial. Experts were not surprised. There is no stay in your native. He blazes up over a minor point, and has nothing left for the crisis. What he seeks is a grievance, and this he had found in the supposed abduction of an old lady. He would now be less aggrieved when Aziz was deported.
But the crisis was still to come.
Adela had always meant to tell the truth and nothing but the truth, and she had rehearsed this as a difficult taskโ โdifficult, because her disaster in the cave was connected, though by a thread, with another part of her life, her engagement to Ronny. She had thought of love just before she went in, and had innocently asked Aziz what marriage was like, and she supposed that her question had roused evil in him. To recount this would have been incredibly painful, it was the one point she wanted to keep obscure; she was willing to give details that would have distressed other girls, but this story of her private failure she dared not allude to, and she dreaded being examined in public in case something came out. But as soon as she rose to reply, and heard the sound of her own voice, she feared not even that. A new and unknown sensation protected her, like magnificent armour. She didnโt think what had happened, or even remember in the ordinary way of memory, but she returned to the Marabar Hills, and spoke from them across a sort of darkness to Mr. McBryde. The fatal day recurred, in every detail, but now she was of it and not of it at the same time, and this double relation gave it indescribable splendour. Why had she thought the expedition โdullโ? Now the sun rose again, the elephant waited, the pale masses of the rock flowed round her and presented the first cave; she entered, and a match was reflected in the polished wallsโ โall beautiful and significant, though she had been blind to it at the time. Questions were asked, and to each she found the exact reply; yes, she had noticed the โTank of the Dagger,โ but not known its name; yes, Mrs. Moore had been tired after the first cave and sat in the shadow of a great rock, near the dried-up mud. Smoothly the voice in the distance proceeded, leading along the paths of truth, and the airs from the punkah behind her wafted her on.โ โโ โฆ
โโฆ the prisoner and the guide took you on to the Kawa Dol, no one else being present?โ
โThe most wonderfully shaped of those hills. Yes.โ As she spoke, she created the Kawa Dol, saw the niches up the curve of the stone, and felt the heat strike her face. And something caused her to add: โNo one else was present to my knowledge. We appeared to be alone.โ
โVery well, there is a ledge halfway up the hill, or broken ground rather, with caves scattered near the beginning of a nullah.โ
โI know where you mean.โ
โYou went alone into one of those caves?โ
โThat is quite correct.โ
โAnd the prisoner followed you.โ
โNow weโve got โim,โ from the Major.
She was silent. The court, the place of question, awaited her reply. But she could not give it until Aziz entered the place of answer.
โThe prisoner followed you, didnโt he?โ he repeated in the monotonous tones that they both used; they were employing agreed words throughout, so that this part of the proceedings held no surprises.
โMay I have half a minute before I reply to that, Mr. McBryde?โ
โCertainly.โ
Her vision was of several caves. She saw herself in one, and she was also outside it, watching its entrance, for Aziz to pass in. She failed to locate him. It was the doubt that had often visited her, but solid and attractive, like the hills, โI am notโ โโ Speech was more difficult than vision. โI am not quite sure.โ
โI beg your pardon?โ said the Superintendent of Police.
โI cannot be sureโ โโ โฆโ
โI didnโt catch that answer.โ He looked scared, his mouth shut with a snap. โYou are on that landing, or whatever we term it, and you have entered a cave. I suggest to you that the prisoner followed you.โ
She shook her head.
โWhat do you mean, please?โ
โNo,โ she said in a flat, unattractive voice. Slight noises began in various parts of the room, but no one yet understood what was occurring except Fielding. He saw that she was going to have a nervous breakdown and that his friend was saved.
โWhat is that, what are you saying? Speak up, please.โ The Magistrate bent forward.
โIโm afraid I have made a mistake.โ
โWhat nature of mistake?โ
โDr. Aziz never followed me into the cave.โ
The Superintendent slammed down his papers, then picked them up and said calmly: โNow, Miss Quested, let us go on. I will read you the words of the deposition which you signed two hours later in my bungalow.โ
โExcuse me, Mr. McBryde, you cannot go on. I am speaking to the witness myself. And the public will be silent. If it continues to talk, I have the court cleared. Miss Quested, address your remarks to me, who am the Magistrate in charge of the case, and realize their extreme gravity. Remember you speak on oath, Miss Quested.โ
โDr. Aziz neverโ โโ
โI stop these proceedings on medical grounds,โ cried the Major on a word from Turton, and all the English rose from their chairs at once, large white figures behind which the little magistrate was hidden. The Indians rose too, hundreds of things went on at once, so that afterwards each person gave a different account of the catastrophe.
โYou withdraw the charge? Answer me,โ shrieked
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