A Passage to India by E. M. Forster (top novels to read .txt) ๐
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The setting of A Passage to India is the British Raj, at a time of racial tension heightened by the burgeoning Indian independence movement. Adela Quested, a young British subject, is visiting India to decide whether to marry a suitor who works there as a city magistrate. During her visit, a local physician, Aziz, is accused of assaulting her. His trial brings tensions between the British rulers and their Indian subjects to a head.
The novel is a complex exploration of colonialism, written at a time when the popular portrayal of the Indian continent was of mystery and savagery. Forster humanized the Indian people for his at-home British audience, highlighting the damage that colonialism caused not just to interpersonal relationships, but to society at large. On the other hand, some modern scholars view the failure of the human relationships in the book as suggesting a fundamental โothernessโ between the two cultures: a gulf across which the disparate cultures can only see each otherโs shadows. In any case, the novel generatedโand continues to generateโan abundant amount of critical analysis.
A Passage to India is the last novel Forster published in his lifetime, and it frequently appears in โbest-ofโ lists of literature: The Modern Library selected it as one of its 100 great works of the 20th century, Time magazine included it in its โAll Time 100 Novelsโ list, and it won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction.
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- Author: E. M. Forster
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Presently the case was called.
Their chairs preceded them into the Court, for it was important that they should look dignified. And when the chuprassies had made all ready, they filed into the ramshackly room with a condescending air, as if it was a booth at a fair. The Collector made a small official joke as he sat down, at which his entourage smiled, and the Indians, who could not hear what he said, felt that some new cruelty was afoot, otherwise the sahibs would not chuckle.
The Court was crowded and of course very hot, and the first person Adela noticed in it was the humblest of all who were present, a person who had no bearing officially upon the trial: the man who pulled the punkah. Almost naked, and splendidly formed, he sat on a raised platform near the back, in the middle of the central gangway, and he caught her attention as she came in, and he seemed to control the proceedings. He had the strength and beauty that sometimes come to flower in Indians of low birth. When that strange race nears the dust and is condemned as untouchable, then nature remembers the physical perfection that she accomplished elsewhere, and throws out a godโ โnot many, but one here and there, to prove to society how little its categories impress her. This man would have been notable anywhere: among the thin-hammed, flat-chested mediocrities of Chandrapore he stood out as divine, yet he was of the city, its garbage had nourished him, he would end on its rubbish heaps. Pulling the rope towards him, relaxing it rhythmically, sending swirls of air over others, receiving none himself, he seemed apart from human destinies, a male fate, a winnower of souls. Opposite him, also on a platform, sat the little assistant magistrate, cultivated, self-conscious, and conscientious. The punkah wallah was none of these things: he scarcely knew that he existed and did not understand why the Court was fuller than usual, indeed he did not know that it was fuller than usual, didnโt even know he worked a fan, though he thought he pulled a rope. Something in his aloofness impressed the girl from middle-class England, and rebuked the narrowness of her sufferings. In virtue of what had she collected this roomful of people together? Her particular brand of opinions, and the suburban Jehovah who sanctified themโ โby what right did they claim so much importance in the world, and assume the title of civilization? Mrs. Mooreโ โshe looked round, but Mrs. Moore was far away on the sea; it was the kind of question they might have discussed on the voyage out before the old lady had turned disagreeable and queer.
While thinking of Mrs. Moore she heard sounds, which gradually grew more distinct. The epoch-making trial had started, and the Superintendent of Police was opening the case for the prosecution.
Mr. McBryde was not at pains to be an interesting speaker; he left eloquence to the defence, who would require it. His attitude was, โEveryone knows the manโs guilty, and I am obliged to say so in public before he goes to the Andamans.โ He made no moral or emotional appeal, and it was only by degrees that the studied negligence of his manner made itself felt, and lashed part of the audience to fury. Laboriously did he describe the genesis of the picnic. The prisoner had met Miss Quested at an entertainment given by the Principal of Government College, and had there conceived his intentions concerning her: prisoner was a man of loose life, as documents found upon him at his arrest would testify, also his fellow-assistant, Dr. Panna Lal, was in a position to throw light on his character, and Major Callendar himself would speak. Here Mr. McBryde paused. He wanted to keep the proceedings as clean as possible, but Oriental Pathology, his favourite theme, lay around him, and he could not resist it. Taking off his spectacles, as was his habit before enunciating a general truth, he looked into them sadly, and remarked that the darker races are physically attracted by the fairer, but not vice versaโ โnot a matter for bitterness this, not a matter for abuse, but just a fact which any scientific observer will confirm.
โEven when the lady is so uglier than the gentleman?โ The comment fell from nowhere, from the ceiling perhaps. It was the first interruption, and the Magistrate felt bound to censure it. โTurn that man out,โ he said. One of the native policemen took hold of a man who had said nothing, and turned him out roughly.
Mr. McBryde resumed his spectacles and proceeded. But the comment had upset Miss Quested. Her body resented being called ugly, and trembled.
โDo you feel faint, Adela?โ asked Miss Derek, who tended her with loving indignation.
โI never feel anything else, Nancy. I shall get through, but itโs awful, awful.โ
This led to the first of a series of scenes. Her friends began to fuss around her, and the Major called out, โI must have better arrangements than this made for my patient; why isnโt she given a seat on the platform? She gets no air.โ
Mr. Das looked annoyed and said: โI shall be happy to accommodate Miss Quested with a chair up here in view of the particular circumstances of her health.โ The chuprassies passed up not one chair but several, and the entire party followed Adela on to the platform, Mr. Fielding being the only European who remained in the body of the hall.
โThatโs better,โ remarked Mrs. Turton, as she settled herself.
โThoroughly desirable change for several reasons,โ replied the Major.
The Magistrate knew that he ought to censure this remark, but did not dare to. Callendar saw that he was afraid, and called out authoritatively, โRight, McBryde, go ahead now; sorry to have interrupted you.โ
โAre you all right yourselves?โ asked the Superintendent.
โWe shall do, we shall do.โ
โGo on, Mr. Das, we are not here to disturb you,โ said the Collector patronizingly. Indeed, they had not so much disturbed the
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