Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know by Adam Grant (sad books to read txt) 📕

Park bird-watching incident, 181–83

challenge networks, 83–84, 200, 218, 253

author’s use of, 86–87, 246

corporate cultures and, 86

Pixar’s use of, 83–84

shared values in, 84n

Wright brothers as, 89–90

Challenger space shuttle disaster, 207

change, continuity and, 31

change talk, in motivational interviewing, 152–53

charged conversations, 163–83

binary bias and, 165, 166

complexification in, 165–66, 167–68, 255

emotions in, 179–83, 179, 255

idea cults and, 176–77

nuance in, 168, 171, 174, 176, 183

perspective-taking vs. perspective-seeking in, 178

productive vs. unproductive, 179–80, 179, 180

scientist mindset in, 183

Chatman, Jennifer, 89

children, see kids

choice, freedom of, 148, 255

climate change, beliefs about:

binary bias and, 169

complexity and, 172–73

desirability bias and, 168

media and, 170–73

preacher mindset and, 168

skepticism vs. denial in, 169

spectrum of, 169–70, 170

in U.S., 167, 168

climate deniers, 169

Clinton, Hillary, in 2016 election, 69, 71

cognitive ability, emotional intelligence vs., 175–76

cognitive flexibility, see mental flexibility

cognitive laziness, 7–8

as barrier to rethinking, 4

Coleman, Peter T., 163–64, 179

collective rethinking, 11, 161–222, 255–57

Columbia space shuttle disaster, 207, 210–11, 220

Columbia University, 163

commitment, escalation of, 229–30

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, 169–70

common ground, search for, 104–5, 107, 108–9, 254

common identity, 129

competence:

confidence vs., 33–54, 39, 43, 44, 48–49, 49, 252

humility and, 215n

complexification, 199

caveats and contingencies in, 173–74, 176, 255

in charged conversations, 165–67, 255

media and, 171–73

as signal of credibility, 171, 174

conclusions:

author’s view of, 245–46

in fiction, 245

confidence, 46–48

in capacity to learn, 48, 252

competence vs., 33–54, 39, 43, 44, 48–49, 49, 252

humility and, see confident humility

ignorance and, 33, 40–41, 42–46, 43, 44

as measure of faith in self, 46–47, 47, 49, 53

mental blindness and, 41, 45

see also armchair quarterback syndrome; impostor syndrome

confident humility, 46–48, 47, 49, 52–54, 67, 72n, 112, 116–19, 215, 249

in motivational interviewing, 147, 157

confirmation bias, 25, 28, 29, 174n, 252

conflict:

avoidance of, 81–82

constructive, 77–93, 253

as energizing for disagreeable people, 82, 84

in families, 80–81

in low-performing vs. high-performing groups, 78–80, 79

see also relationship conflict; task conflict

conformity, group polarization and, 127–28

confusion, in learning process, 199, 255, 256

constructive conflict, 77–93, 253

contingencies, 174, 176, 255

continuity, change and, 31

Cooper, Christian, 181–82

core values, 55–56

beliefs vs., 64, 66n, 251

coronavirus pandemic, 248, 249

rethinking assumptions in, 9–10

Costanza, George (char.), 68, 118

counterfactual thinking:

beliefs and, 137–39

destabilizing stereotypes with, 134–40

Coutifaris, Constantinos, 213

craft, mastery of, 198

Crane, Frasier (char.), 55

crises, reversion to learned responses in, 5–7

criticism, reception to, 87n

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 27

Cuomo, Andrew, 249

curiosity, 27–28, 59, 67, 92, 102, 105, 106, 115, 117, 137, 140, 145, 147, 156–59, 165, 174, 180, 188, 197, 199, 200, 203, 211, 214, 221, 251, 255

in motivational interviewing, 147, 157

Dalio, Ray, 63

Darwin, Charles, 33

Davis, Daryl, in encounters with white supremacists, 121–22, 139–41, 151

Davis, Murray, 59

Dear Penn Freshmen (website), 197

debates, 97–119

adversarial approach to, 102–3, 107

brick walls in, 116

confident humility in, 116–17

curiosity in, 117

disagreements reframed as, 91–92

focusing on key points in, 109–11, 254

as negotiations, 104

nuance in, 117

politician mindset, 107–8

preacher mindset, 110

prosecutor mindset, 110

question-based approach in, 112–13

responses to hostility in, 113–16

scientist mindset in, 102–6, 107, 108–9

search for common ground in, 107, 108–9, 254

defend-attack spirals, 105, 109

deniers, skeptics vs., 169

desirability bias, 25, 28, 29, 71, 168, 173, 174n

detachment:

of opinions from identity, 62, 69–70, 76

of past from present sense of self, 62–63, 69, 76, 251

Difficult Conversations Lab, 163–64, 179

disagreeable people:

conflict as energizing for, 82, 84

as good critics, 86–87

task conflict and, 83, 84

task conflict encouraged by, 90

see also pirates

discovery, joy of, 69, 188, 198, 203

Disney, 85

Doctorow, E. L., 242

Dodge, Wagner, 1–2, 5–6, 8, 11

doubt, 4, 28, 30–31, 45, 65, 67, 92, 165, 208, 211, 221, 234, 243, 250

benefits of, 47–49, 52, 54, 80, 250

debilitating effect of, 46–47, 52–53

in rethinking cycles, 27, 45, 67, 83, 92, 112–13, 137, 140, 147, 158, 165, 171, 187, 188, 208, 234, 261

see also confident humility; self-doubt

drafts and revisions, in learning process, 199–203, 256

Duke University, UNC rivalry with, 131

dumbstruck effect, 192

Dunning, David, 38, 40, 44, 158

Dunning-Kruger effect, 38–39, 40–41, 42n, 43, 52, 53, 252

Durant, Kevin, 124n

Dutton, Jane, 242

Earth, as seen from space, 128–29

echo chambers, 61, 164, 252

Edmondson, Amy, 208–9, 217–18

education:

entrenched beliefs in, 17

teaching students to question knowledge, 185–203

see also learning; teachers, teaching

Einstein, Albert, 22

elections, U.S., of 2016, 66–67, 69–71, 70, 71, 164

EL Education, 201–2

emotional intelligence:

cognitive ability vs., 175–76

overestimating, 42

emotions, 24, 59, 63, 69, 75, 78

binary bias in, 180

in charged conversations, 179–83, 179, 255

mixed, 180–81

as works in progress, 180, 255

England, career choices in, 233n

entrepreneurship:

decisiveness as overvalued in, 21–22

scientist mindset and, 20–22, 21, 251

erroneous thinking, 55–76

attachment to, 62

echo chambers and filter bubbles in, 61, 164, 252

joy of acknowledging, 61–62, 65–66, 69, 70, 71–72, 89, 252

escalation of commitment, 229–30

Étienne-Rousseau, Marie-Hélène, 143, 145, 147–48, 155, 158–59

Étienne-Rousseau, Tobie, 143, 145, 147–48, 155

Eversley, Karina, 206

excellence, ethic of, 198, 200

experience, expertise vs., 43–44

experience machine, 194

expertise, experience vs., 43–44

experts, questioning judgment of, 18

Facebook, precursor to, 8

fallibility, acceptance of, 59

feedback, 86, 212–13, 256

Feynman, Richard, 59

fiction, conclusion in, 245

fight-or-flight response, 60

filter bubbles, 61, 164, 252

Floyd, George, 10

forecasting, accuracy of, 65–73

rethinking and, 67–68, 248

forecasting tournaments, 65, 73

Forster, E. M., 158

Fragale, Alison, 131

Gagneur, Arnaud, 148–49, 155, 158–59

Gates, Bill, 212

Gates, Melinda, 212

Mean Reviews video and, 214–15

Gates Foundation, 208

Mean Reviews video at, 214–15

psychological safety at, 212–13, 214–15

Give and Take (Grant), 62n

givers, success rate of, 61, 62n

Goldman, Emma, 245

Goleman, Daniel, 175

Good Judgment, 65

Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 121

Google, 209

Gore, Al, 167, 168–69

Graf, Steffi, 124n

Graham, Paul, 114

Grant, Adam (author):

agreeableness trait of, 81–82, 89

approach to debate, 103–4, 113–15

career choices and, 225–26

challenge network of, 86–87

complexifying conversations, 174–77

family background of, 226

and joy of being wrong, 62, 89

motivational interviewing and, 151–53

online social network and, 8–9

questioning stereotypes, 137–38

as teacher, 195–98

Grant, Ryan, medical career of, 226–28, 230, 241–42

Great Depression, 249

greatness, of composers, 114–15

Greenspan, Stephen, 18, 19

Grindle, Nicole, 88–89

grit, 229–30

group polarization:

conformity and, 128

stereotypes and, 127–28

groups:

contact between, 139

stereotypes and, 139

gun control, 164

habits, 8, 9

cognitive laziness and, 7–8

Handey, Jack, 225

Hansen, Chris, 207, 211

Hansen, Michele, 117–18

happiness, pursuit of, 237–38

environment and, 238–40

meaning vs., 238, 240–41

Hemingway, Ernest, 87, 239

Holocaust deniers, 189–90

Holocaust survivors, 130, 132, 189–90

hostility, responses to, 113–16

hot dog sandwich survey, 125, 125

humility, 27, 45–48, 52–54, 106, 112, 117, 119, 137, 147, 157–58, 165, 200, 214–15, 221, 234, 243, 249–50, 256

competence and, 215n

as groundedness, 46–48

intellectual, see intellectual humility

self-doubt vs., 46

see also confident humility

hypotheses, testing of, 20, 21, 23

Ibarra, Herminia, 235

IBM, Project Debater of, 97–102, 107–10

Iceland, 2008 financial crisis in, 35–36

idea cults, 176–77

identity, see self, sense of

identity foreclosure, 230, 232–33, 234, 242

ideology, see beliefs

ignorance, confidence and, 33, 40–41, 42–46, 43, 44

Ig™ Nobel Prize, 38

impostor syndrome, 36, 37–38, 49–51

armchair quarterback syndrome vs., 51

gender and, 51n

in high achievers, 50

possible benefits of, 50–54

Inconvenient Truth, An (film), 167

Incredibles, The (film), 83,