Immortality or Resurrection by William West (philippa perry book txt) π
Excerpt from the book:
Is "The Wages Of Sin Death"
Or "Eternal Life With Torment In Hell"
An Immortal Soul and the Doctrine of Hell
Or "Eternal Life With Torment In Hell"
An Immortal Soul and the Doctrine of Hell
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"Far from referring simply to one aspect of a person, 'soul' refers to the whole person" Eerdman Dictionary of the Bible, Page 1245.
"A human being is a totality of being, not a combination of various parts and impulses. According to the Old Testament understanding, a person is not a body, which happens to possess a soul. Instead, a person is a living soul...Because of God's breath of life; the man became 'a living being' (Gen. 2:7). A person thus is a complete totality, made up of human flesh, spirit (best understood as "the life-force'), and nephesh (best understood as "the total self' but often translated as 'soul')" Holman Bible Dictionary, Page 61.
"There is not dualism in the sense of separation, as though there could be full man either as body alone or as soul alone...together they make up the one man" International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume 1, Page 134.
"A consideration of EVERY passage in which these terms are used leads us to the consideration that the term 'soul' is a term that was applied in the Bible to every being that normally has sensory capacities (life), whether or not they have that capacity when the term is used referring to them. For example, one might see a body of a dead person and say, 'That poor soul is dead.' The Bible uses the term that way, even as we do, and it has nothing at all to do with the immorality or mortality of the soul. It simply means that the PERSON (the one who HAD life-soul-sensory capacity) is dead." T. Pierce Brown, "Soul and Spirit" Gospel Advocate, June 14, 1979.
[1] Nehphesh (soul): When nehphesh is used referring only to animals is translated nine different ways in the King James Version.
1. Creature [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:21; 1:24; 2:19; 9:10; 2:12; Leviticus 11:46
2. Thing [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 11:10. Ezekiel 47:9
3. Life [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:20; 1:30; Leviticus 17:10-14 - 2 times
4. The life [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 9:4; Deuteronomy 12:23; Proverbs 12:10
5. Beast [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 24:18
6. The soul [soul - nehphesh] Job 12:10
7. Breath [soul - nehphesh] Job 41:21
8. Fish [soul - nehphesh] Isaiah 19:10
9. Her [soul - nehphesh] Jeremiah 2:24
[2] Nehphesh (soul): When it is used referring to BOTH Animals and Man is translated in three different ways.
1. Creature [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 9:15; 9:16
2. The life [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 17:11; 17:14
3. Soul [soul - nehphesh] Numbers 31:28
[3] Nehphesh (soul): When it has the animal appetites and desires of Man is translated in five different ways. [1] Soul, [2] pleasure, [3] lust, [4] appetite, [5] and greedy
1. Translated Soul (Nehphesh) 13 things the "soul" (person) does
o The soul dried away Numbers 11:6
o The soul lusts Deuteronomy 12:15; 12:21; 14:26
o The soul longs to eat flesh Deuteronomy 12:20
o The soul lusts after Deuteronomy 12:20
o The soul desires Deuteronomy 14:26; 1 Samuel 2:16
o The soul loathes Deuteronomy 21:5
o The soul refused Job 6:7
o The soul abhorred Job 33:20; Psalms 107:18
o The soul hunger Proverbs 6:30
o The soul satisfying Proverbs 13:25
o The soul empty Isaiah 29:8
o The soul has appetite Isaiah 29:8
o The soul desired figs Micah 7:1
2. Translated pleasure [soul - nehphesh] Deuteronomy 23:24
3. Translated lust [soul - nehphesh] Psalms 78:18
4. Translated appetite [soul - nehphesh] Proverbs 23:2. Ecclesiastes 6:7
5. Translated greedy [soul - nehphesh] Isaiah 56:11
THE SOUL [PERSON - NEHPHESH] CAN BE HUNGRY,
HAVE AN APPETITE, BE THIRSTY, EAT MEAT
"Men do not despise a thief if he steals to satisfy himself [soul - nehphesh] when he is hungry" [Proverbs 6:30].
"I will set my face against that soul [soul - nehphesh] that eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people" [Leviticus 17:10].
"And you shall say, I will eat flesh, because your soul [soul - nehphesh] desires to eat flesh; you may eat flesh, after all the desire of your soul [soul - nehphesh]" [Deuteronomy 12:20].
"And it shall be as when a hungry man dreams and, behold, he eats; but he awakes, and his soul [soul - nehphesh] is empty; or as when a thirsty man dreams, and behold, he drinks; but he awakes, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul [soul - nehphesh] has appetite" [Isaiah 29:8].
IF A SOUL CAN DIE
IT CANNOT BE IMMORTAL
Can whatever is intended by the Hebrew word "nehphesh" die? The Bible says over 320 times that the nehphesh [soul]:
1. Can die
2. Can be killed by man
3. Or that it is already dead
If it can, then whatever "nehphesh" is translated into IS something that can die. If the many words that "nehphesh" is translated into is something that can die, then the soul cannot be immortal, and it can die. To say that "nehphesh" [soul] is immortal and cannot die makes the Bible be wrong repeatedly. If the soul [nehphesh] is immortal and cannot die, the writers of the Bible did not know it.
(1). Souls [nehpheshs] can die Numbers 23:10, Ezekiel 18:4, 20, Joshua 11:11. "They smote all the souls" [nehphesh]. An immortal soul can die? Not only does the Bible not say the soul is immortal, it denies it by saying often that the soul can die or be killed or is dead.
(2). Souls [nehpheshs] can be murdered. Deuteronomy 12:23; Numbers 35:11-15.
(3). Souls [nehpheshs] can be killed Leviticus 24:17. An immortal soul can be killed? "Kills any person" [soul - nehphesh] Numbers 35:11, 15, 30, 31
(4). Souls [nehpheshs] can be smote with the sword and utterly destroyed Joshua 11:11
(5). Souls [nehpheshs] can be slain. An immortal soul can be slain? Deuteronomy 27:25
(6). Souls [nehpheshs] can be destroyed. An immortal soul can be destroyed? Leviticus 23:30
(7). Souls [nehpheshs] can be taken away 1 Kings 19:4
(8). Souls [nehpheshs] can be sought to kill it Jeremiah 44:30
(9). Souls [nehpheshs] cannot be kept alive. An immortal soul that cannot die but it cannot be kept alive? Psalms 22:29
(10). Souls [nehpheshs] have blood and can bleed. "The blood of the souls of the poor" Jeremiah 2:34
(11). "Let us not take his life [soul - nehphesh]" Genesis 37:21
(12). "Life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh] Immortal soul for immortal soul?" Exodus 21:23
(13). "Any dead body [soul - nehphesh]" Leviticus 21:11
(14). "That person [soul - nehphesh] will I destroy" Leviticus 23:30
(15). "And if a man takes the life [soul - nehphesh] of any human being" Leviticus 24:17. Does anyone believe a person can take an immortal soul of any human being?
(16). "And he that smites any man mortally shall be put to death. And he that smites a beast mortally shall make it good, life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh] [soul for soul?]" Leviticus 24:18
(17). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 5:2
(18). "He shall not go near to a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 6:6
(19). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 6:11
(20). "Unclean because of the dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 9:6, 7
(21). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 9:10
(22). "The one who touches the corpse of any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 19:11
(23). "Anyone who touches a corpse, the body [soul - nehphesh] of a man who has died" Numbers 19:13. How could anyone touch the corpse of something that has no substance and cannot die?
(24). "Whosoever has killed any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 31:19
(25). "The manslayer who has killed any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 35:11
(26). "Anyone who kills a person [soul - nehphesh] unintentionally may flee there" Numbers 35:15
(27). "If anyone kills a person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 35:30
(28). "And take his life [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 19:6
(29). "And strikes him so that he [soul - nehphesh] dies" Deuteronomy 19:11
(30). "Life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh], eye for eye, tooth for tooth" Deuteronomy 19:21
(31). "A man rises against his neighbor and murders him [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 22:26
(32). "Cursed be he who takes a bride to slay an innocent person [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 27:25
(33). "And deliver our lives [souls - nehpheshs] from death" Joshua 2:13
(34). "Our life [soul - nehphesh] for yours" Joshua 2:13. Not, βOur immortal souls for your immortal soulsβ
(35). "And they smote all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them; there were none left that breathed" Joshua 11:11
(36). "He utterly destroyed them and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein; he left none remaining" Joshua 10:28
(37). "And he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein; he left none remaining in it" Joshua 10:30
(38). "And all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:32
(39). "And all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein he utterly destroyed that day" Joshua 10:35
(40). "But he utterly destroyed it, and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:37.
(41). "And he captured it and its king and all its cities, and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:39. Can immortal souls be utterly destroyed with the sword?
(42). "Who kills any person [soul - nehphesh]" Joshua 20:9. Not, βWho kills any immortal soul that cannot be killedβ
(43). "That kills any person [soul - nehphesh]" Joshua 20:3
(44). "That his soul [soul - nehphesh] was vexed to death" Judges 16:16 "annoyed to death" New American Standard Version. We say, "He worried me to dead"
(45). "Let me [soul - nehphesh] die" Judges 16:30. "Let my soul that cannot die, die anyway?"
(46). "And you lose your life [soul - nehphesh], with the lives [souls - nehphesh] of your household" Judges 18:25
(47). "If you do not save your life [soul - nehphesh] tonight" 1 Samuel 19:11
(48). "The death of all the persons [souls - nehpheshs] of your father's house" 1 Samuel 22:22
(49). "He that seeks my life [soul - nehphesh] seeks your life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 22:23
(50). "He is seeking my life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 20:1
(51). "And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 23:15
(52). "You are lying in wait for my soul [soul - nehphesh] to take it" 1 Samuel 24:11
(53). "To pursue you and to seek your soul [soul - nehphesh1 Samuel 25:29 also 2 Samuel 4:8, 16:11, 1 Kings 19:10, 14, Psalm 35:4, 38:12, 35:13, 40:14, 40:15, Jeremiah 40:14, 40:15
(54). "Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him for the life [soul - nehphesh] of his brother whom he slew" 2 Samuel 14:7
(55). "Who today have saved your life [soul - nehphesh] and the lives [souls - nehpheshs] of your sons and daughter, the lives [soul - nehphesh] of your wives, and the lives [souls - nehpheshs] of your concubines" 2 Samuel 19:5
(56). "Have you asked for the life [soul - nehphesh] of your enemies" 1 Kings 3:11
(57). "Prolong my life [soul - nehphesh]" Job 6:11. Prolong the life of an immortal soul?
(58). "For himself that he might die, and said, It is enough; now, O Lord, take my life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Kings 19:4
(59). "A man that is laden with the blood of any person [soul - nehphesh] shall flee unto the pit; let no man stay him" Proverbs 28:17
(60). "The blood of the souls [souls - nehpheshs] of
"A human being is a totality of being, not a combination of various parts and impulses. According to the Old Testament understanding, a person is not a body, which happens to possess a soul. Instead, a person is a living soul...Because of God's breath of life; the man became 'a living being' (Gen. 2:7). A person thus is a complete totality, made up of human flesh, spirit (best understood as "the life-force'), and nephesh (best understood as "the total self' but often translated as 'soul')" Holman Bible Dictionary, Page 61.
"There is not dualism in the sense of separation, as though there could be full man either as body alone or as soul alone...together they make up the one man" International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume 1, Page 134.
"A consideration of EVERY passage in which these terms are used leads us to the consideration that the term 'soul' is a term that was applied in the Bible to every being that normally has sensory capacities (life), whether or not they have that capacity when the term is used referring to them. For example, one might see a body of a dead person and say, 'That poor soul is dead.' The Bible uses the term that way, even as we do, and it has nothing at all to do with the immorality or mortality of the soul. It simply means that the PERSON (the one who HAD life-soul-sensory capacity) is dead." T. Pierce Brown, "Soul and Spirit" Gospel Advocate, June 14, 1979.
[1] Nehphesh (soul): When nehphesh is used referring only to animals is translated nine different ways in the King James Version.
1. Creature [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:21; 1:24; 2:19; 9:10; 2:12; Leviticus 11:46
2. Thing [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 11:10. Ezekiel 47:9
3. Life [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:20; 1:30; Leviticus 17:10-14 - 2 times
4. The life [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 9:4; Deuteronomy 12:23; Proverbs 12:10
5. Beast [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 24:18
6. The soul [soul - nehphesh] Job 12:10
7. Breath [soul - nehphesh] Job 41:21
8. Fish [soul - nehphesh] Isaiah 19:10
9. Her [soul - nehphesh] Jeremiah 2:24
[2] Nehphesh (soul): When it is used referring to BOTH Animals and Man is translated in three different ways.
1. Creature [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 9:15; 9:16
2. The life [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 17:11; 17:14
3. Soul [soul - nehphesh] Numbers 31:28
[3] Nehphesh (soul): When it has the animal appetites and desires of Man is translated in five different ways. [1] Soul, [2] pleasure, [3] lust, [4] appetite, [5] and greedy
1. Translated Soul (Nehphesh) 13 things the "soul" (person) does
o The soul dried away Numbers 11:6
o The soul lusts Deuteronomy 12:15; 12:21; 14:26
o The soul longs to eat flesh Deuteronomy 12:20
o The soul lusts after Deuteronomy 12:20
o The soul desires Deuteronomy 14:26; 1 Samuel 2:16
o The soul loathes Deuteronomy 21:5
o The soul refused Job 6:7
o The soul abhorred Job 33:20; Psalms 107:18
o The soul hunger Proverbs 6:30
o The soul satisfying Proverbs 13:25
o The soul empty Isaiah 29:8
o The soul has appetite Isaiah 29:8
o The soul desired figs Micah 7:1
2. Translated pleasure [soul - nehphesh] Deuteronomy 23:24
3. Translated lust [soul - nehphesh] Psalms 78:18
4. Translated appetite [soul - nehphesh] Proverbs 23:2. Ecclesiastes 6:7
5. Translated greedy [soul - nehphesh] Isaiah 56:11
THE SOUL [PERSON - NEHPHESH] CAN BE HUNGRY,
HAVE AN APPETITE, BE THIRSTY, EAT MEAT
"Men do not despise a thief if he steals to satisfy himself [soul - nehphesh] when he is hungry" [Proverbs 6:30].
"I will set my face against that soul [soul - nehphesh] that eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people" [Leviticus 17:10].
"And you shall say, I will eat flesh, because your soul [soul - nehphesh] desires to eat flesh; you may eat flesh, after all the desire of your soul [soul - nehphesh]" [Deuteronomy 12:20].
"And it shall be as when a hungry man dreams and, behold, he eats; but he awakes, and his soul [soul - nehphesh] is empty; or as when a thirsty man dreams, and behold, he drinks; but he awakes, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul [soul - nehphesh] has appetite" [Isaiah 29:8].
IF A SOUL CAN DIE
IT CANNOT BE IMMORTAL
Can whatever is intended by the Hebrew word "nehphesh" die? The Bible says over 320 times that the nehphesh [soul]:
1. Can die
2. Can be killed by man
3. Or that it is already dead
If it can, then whatever "nehphesh" is translated into IS something that can die. If the many words that "nehphesh" is translated into is something that can die, then the soul cannot be immortal, and it can die. To say that "nehphesh" [soul] is immortal and cannot die makes the Bible be wrong repeatedly. If the soul [nehphesh] is immortal and cannot die, the writers of the Bible did not know it.
(1). Souls [nehpheshs] can die Numbers 23:10, Ezekiel 18:4, 20, Joshua 11:11. "They smote all the souls" [nehphesh]. An immortal soul can die? Not only does the Bible not say the soul is immortal, it denies it by saying often that the soul can die or be killed or is dead.
(2). Souls [nehpheshs] can be murdered. Deuteronomy 12:23; Numbers 35:11-15.
(3). Souls [nehpheshs] can be killed Leviticus 24:17. An immortal soul can be killed? "Kills any person" [soul - nehphesh] Numbers 35:11, 15, 30, 31
(4). Souls [nehpheshs] can be smote with the sword and utterly destroyed Joshua 11:11
(5). Souls [nehpheshs] can be slain. An immortal soul can be slain? Deuteronomy 27:25
(6). Souls [nehpheshs] can be destroyed. An immortal soul can be destroyed? Leviticus 23:30
(7). Souls [nehpheshs] can be taken away 1 Kings 19:4
(8). Souls [nehpheshs] can be sought to kill it Jeremiah 44:30
(9). Souls [nehpheshs] cannot be kept alive. An immortal soul that cannot die but it cannot be kept alive? Psalms 22:29
(10). Souls [nehpheshs] have blood and can bleed. "The blood of the souls of the poor" Jeremiah 2:34
(11). "Let us not take his life [soul - nehphesh]" Genesis 37:21
(12). "Life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh] Immortal soul for immortal soul?" Exodus 21:23
(13). "Any dead body [soul - nehphesh]" Leviticus 21:11
(14). "That person [soul - nehphesh] will I destroy" Leviticus 23:30
(15). "And if a man takes the life [soul - nehphesh] of any human being" Leviticus 24:17. Does anyone believe a person can take an immortal soul of any human being?
(16). "And he that smites any man mortally shall be put to death. And he that smites a beast mortally shall make it good, life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh] [soul for soul?]" Leviticus 24:18
(17). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 5:2
(18). "He shall not go near to a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 6:6
(19). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 6:11
(20). "Unclean because of the dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 9:6, 7
(21). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 9:10
(22). "The one who touches the corpse of any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 19:11
(23). "Anyone who touches a corpse, the body [soul - nehphesh] of a man who has died" Numbers 19:13. How could anyone touch the corpse of something that has no substance and cannot die?
(24). "Whosoever has killed any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 31:19
(25). "The manslayer who has killed any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 35:11
(26). "Anyone who kills a person [soul - nehphesh] unintentionally may flee there" Numbers 35:15
(27). "If anyone kills a person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 35:30
(28). "And take his life [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 19:6
(29). "And strikes him so that he [soul - nehphesh] dies" Deuteronomy 19:11
(30). "Life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh], eye for eye, tooth for tooth" Deuteronomy 19:21
(31). "A man rises against his neighbor and murders him [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 22:26
(32). "Cursed be he who takes a bride to slay an innocent person [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 27:25
(33). "And deliver our lives [souls - nehpheshs] from death" Joshua 2:13
(34). "Our life [soul - nehphesh] for yours" Joshua 2:13. Not, βOur immortal souls for your immortal soulsβ
(35). "And they smote all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them; there were none left that breathed" Joshua 11:11
(36). "He utterly destroyed them and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein; he left none remaining" Joshua 10:28
(37). "And he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein; he left none remaining in it" Joshua 10:30
(38). "And all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:32
(39). "And all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein he utterly destroyed that day" Joshua 10:35
(40). "But he utterly destroyed it, and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:37.
(41). "And he captured it and its king and all its cities, and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:39. Can immortal souls be utterly destroyed with the sword?
(42). "Who kills any person [soul - nehphesh]" Joshua 20:9. Not, βWho kills any immortal soul that cannot be killedβ
(43). "That kills any person [soul - nehphesh]" Joshua 20:3
(44). "That his soul [soul - nehphesh] was vexed to death" Judges 16:16 "annoyed to death" New American Standard Version. We say, "He worried me to dead"
(45). "Let me [soul - nehphesh] die" Judges 16:30. "Let my soul that cannot die, die anyway?"
(46). "And you lose your life [soul - nehphesh], with the lives [souls - nehphesh] of your household" Judges 18:25
(47). "If you do not save your life [soul - nehphesh] tonight" 1 Samuel 19:11
(48). "The death of all the persons [souls - nehpheshs] of your father's house" 1 Samuel 22:22
(49). "He that seeks my life [soul - nehphesh] seeks your life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 22:23
(50). "He is seeking my life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 20:1
(51). "And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 23:15
(52). "You are lying in wait for my soul [soul - nehphesh] to take it" 1 Samuel 24:11
(53). "To pursue you and to seek your soul [soul - nehphesh1 Samuel 25:29 also 2 Samuel 4:8, 16:11, 1 Kings 19:10, 14, Psalm 35:4, 38:12, 35:13, 40:14, 40:15, Jeremiah 40:14, 40:15
(54). "Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him for the life [soul - nehphesh] of his brother whom he slew" 2 Samuel 14:7
(55). "Who today have saved your life [soul - nehphesh] and the lives [souls - nehpheshs] of your sons and daughter, the lives [soul - nehphesh] of your wives, and the lives [souls - nehpheshs] of your concubines" 2 Samuel 19:5
(56). "Have you asked for the life [soul - nehphesh] of your enemies" 1 Kings 3:11
(57). "Prolong my life [soul - nehphesh]" Job 6:11. Prolong the life of an immortal soul?
(58). "For himself that he might die, and said, It is enough; now, O Lord, take my life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Kings 19:4
(59). "A man that is laden with the blood of any person [soul - nehphesh] shall flee unto the pit; let no man stay him" Proverbs 28:17
(60). "The blood of the souls [souls - nehpheshs] of
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