MY SCHOOL by Dr .Nilesh Gopal das Joshi (beginner reading books for adults .txt) 📕

will only increase the flames. They should lie down and roll on the ground, wrapping themselves, if possible, with a blanket, or any thick cloth to put out the flames. Also, this will prevent the flames from reaching the face. Standing up will only let the flames rise up to the face just as when you hold a struck match downwards, it burns with a bigger flame. After the flames are put out fetch water to put out the smouldering fire, treat for shock and burns.

BLEEDING NOSE

In case of a bleeding nose, the patient should be seated in a draught of air, in front of a door or open window, with the head tilted back and the arms raised above the head. They should be asked to breathe through the mouth. Any tight clothing around the neck and chest should be loosened. An ice-pack or cold compress should be applied over the nose and on the spine at the level of the collar. The feet should be placed in hot water. The injured person should be warned not to blow his nose.

HEALTH HAZARDS OF SCHOOL STUDENTS

In modern society health is considered both an individual and group responsibility. This basic principle must be in operation if the quality of life is to be improved. The school is one segment of the society where this health principle is brought clearly into focus. There are certain problems operating today which obstruct the development of healthful living in the school environment. These problems are technically known as health hazards.

No doubt, technological developments today have improved the quality and standard of life. But, they have created a number of health hazards in the form of accident, risk or danger. Population explosion has further increased such health accidents, health problems and difficulties, health danger, health risk etc. These health hazards are both manmade and environmental in nature. While we can observe some of these hazards without much difficulty there are others which we cannot. The teachers and the parents can provide necessary instructions to the school going children to protect themselves from the day to day health hazards. Modern health hazards are usually created mainly from certain situations like:

Environment Technological development Population explosion Adulteration Explosives Dampness Environment:

The environmental problems like air pollution, water pollution, pollution of environment by noise etc. create health hazards. Air pollution takes place due to decomposition of things, smoke from charcoal and from chimneys of factories, exhaust fumes from vehicles, industrial wastes, wastes from carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, lead compounds etc. Because of this we get fresh air for want of which we suffer from many diseases. This may affect the fruits, vegetables and other agricultural products. In order to get rid of this problem of health hazards, we should try to establish industries far away from residential areas and there must be provision for disposal of waste, excreta and dead material.

Besides air pollution, water pollution also affects our environment and is a threat to our health. We can get rid of this problem by supplying pure water to the students in school.

Noise pollution also has a direct bad influence on the nervous system of human beings. It affects the peaceful school atmosphere. Since it is a manmade problem; it should be controlled by state administrators.

Technological Development:

Scientific and technological advancements have created heaven on earth. Even then, due to the increase of factories, transport and communication, nuclear energy etc. there is pollution in environment situations. These situations create health hazard both for the people and school students. Attempts must be made to control these problems.

Population explosion:

In a country like India, population explosion is much more. Therefore, people fail to maintain good health and quality of life. Due to poverty, people suffer from diseases. A good number of people are undernourished and malnourished. This is a great health hazard for the school students.

Adulteration:

People today face difficulties in getting pure food. Adulteration is a very common practice in our social life. Spices, milk, ghee, confectionaries, medicines are all getting adulterated. As a result it creates health hazards among people and the students.

Explosives:

In our country when we celebrate some festivals like Dussahara, Diwali etc. we use explosives like fireworks which are responsible for the pollution of atmosphere. They are very injurious to health and create health hazards for the students.

Dampness:

There are some localities having narrow streets. Sunlight never reach these places. There are also places without proper drainage system. People who live in these damp places suffer from many fatal diseases.

Steps to Minimize the Health Hazards of School Students

These steps should be taken to minimize the health hazards:

The government should take remedial measures to make the country free from environmental pollution. Big industries should be placed far away from residential areas. Steps must be taken to impart population education so as to control population explosion. Family Welfare Boards may also be established to orient the people towards family life and sex education. School buildings should be constructed in open places where students can get free air. Steps must be taken to make the school free from noise pollution. Healthy living conditions should be provided to the people of our country. They should not be allowed to live in old and ill-planned house. In city areas, slums and dirty colonies should not be allowed to exist, because they are not fit for human living. Attempts must be made to make the people aware of the problems of health hazards, and their effects on our health. The government of the country should take much care to protect air and water pollution. The people of our country should be encouraged to plant trees so as to protect the environment. School students should actively participate in this programme of plantation. Drainage system in city areas should be improved. The government must take active steps to check the adulteration of food stuffs. In case of minor health hazards, there must be a provision for first-aid in every school. Clinical help must be taken when students face major health hazards.

 

Chapter: 33 FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY CARE IN VARIOUS SITIUATIONS –PART 2 ACCIDENTS

FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY CARE IN VARIOUS SITIUATIONS –PART 2

ACCIDENTS

            An accident, also known as unintentional injury, is an undesirable,incidental , an unplanned  event that could have been prevented has circumstances leading up to the accidents been recognised , and acted upon , prior to its occurrence .

When approaching an accident scene, it is really important to ensure your own safety. Quickly assess the nature of the wreckage and be aware of possible injuries as a result. Your initial priority is quickly checking if casualties are responsive. If there is no response, check if they are breathing. If they are unresponsive and breathing, ensure they are in a position where they are leaning forward. Only remove an unconscious person from a vehicle if there is an immediate danger to their life from fire, flood and explosion. It is very difficult to remove an unconscious person from a vehicle and there is a major danger that you could worsen their injuries and injure yourself in the process.

 

TREATING A PERSON MET WITH ACCIDENT

 

Steps needed while caring for accidents are:

Check yourself first. Check the other person(s) for injuries. Look for signs of breathing. Call for help check for obstructions in the persons mouth and throat. perform life saving techniques (CPR-cardio pulmonary resuscitation or EAR-external airresuscitation) ways to help him or her in grave situations: if there is bleeding from the, mouth or the patient is vomiting, turn the person to his /her side. this will avoid any chances of the person choking. place the persons arm that is under him straight out and the arm closest to you across the chest. deal with open wounds. if there is an extensive wound, try to control the bleeding using pressure to the area using a cloth. press down with your palms rather than your fingertips. always suspect spinal injuries. if the person’s neck is in an awkward position or the person is unconscious, do not move the patient. get help immediately. keep the person warm. (t-shirt, blanket etc.) avoid feeding the person.

POISONING

 

 

                                    Poisoning is a condition or a process in which an organism becomes harmed severely (poisoned) by a toxic substance or venom of an animal.

Acute poisoning is exposure to a poison on one occasion or during a short period of time. Symptoms develop in close relation to the degree of exposure. Absorption of a poison is necessary for systemic poisoning (that is, in the blood throughout the body). In contrast, substances that destroy tissue but do not absorb, such as lye, are classified as corrosives rather than poisons. Furthermore, many common household medications are not labelled with skull and crossbones, although they can cause severe illness or even death. In the medical sense, toxicity and poisoning can be caused by less dangerous substances than those legally classified as a poison. Toxicology is the study and practice of the symptoms, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of poisoning.

Chronic poisoning is long-term repeated or continuous exposure to a poison where symptoms do not occur immediately or after each exposure. The patient gradually becomes ill, or becomes ill after a long latent period. Chronic poisoning most commonly occurs following exposure to poisons that       are biomagnified, such as mercury, gadolinium, and lead.

Contact or absorption of poisons can cause rapid death or impairment. Agents that act on the nervous system can paralyze in seconds or less, and include both biologically derived neurotoxins and so-called nerve gases, which may be synthesized for warfare or industry.

Inhaled or ingested cyanide, used as a method of execution in gas chambers, almost instantly starves the body of energy by inhibiting the enzymes in mitochondria that make ATP. Intravenous injection of an unnaturally high concentration of potassium chloride, such as in the execution of prisoners in parts of the United States, quickly stops the heart by eliminating the cell potential necessary for muscle contraction.

 

FIRSTAID FOR POISONING

 

poison was swallowed call emergency services or a poison control hotline immediately Clear the person’s airway (wrap a clean towel around your hand, open the person’s mouth and remove traces of substance using the towel) Check the person’s breathing and pulse (if you don’t feel breath or a pulse, administer CPR immediately) Keep the person comfortable. (Loosen the belt and other tight Clothing. Remove jewellery and other constrictive items.) When the poison was inhaled Call for emergency help Leave the toxic area immediately Check the person’s breathing and pulse (administer CPR immediately) Have the person lie down on his side so that he won’t choke in case of vomiting Cushion the person’s head with pillow Remove the constrictive clothing and jewellery When the poison came into contact with the skin or eyes Call the poison control centre Remove the traces of the substance Flush the area with lukewarm water For poisoning by swallowing check and monitor the person’s airway, breathing and pulse

HEART ATTACK

 

 

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it occurs in the centre or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms. Women more often have atypical symptoms than men. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock, or cardiac arrest.

 

Symptoms

Common heart attack signs and symptoms include:

Pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest or arms that may spread to your neck, jaw or back Nausea,