William Pitt and the Great War by John Holland Rose (book club reads txt) 📕

the sympathetic insight, the soaring ambition held in check by

overmastering patriotism, which were commingled in the personality of

the master; and Canning afterwards declared that he buried his political

allegiance in the grave of Pitt. It was granted to these men to labour

on in the cause for which he gave his life, and finally, in the years

1814-15, to bring back France to her old frontiers by arrangements which

he clearly outlined in the years 1798 and 1805. Of the numerous

annexations and changes of boundaries effected by Napoleon, only one,

the Valtelline, was destined to survive. But Europe after Waterloo

testified alike to the sagacity and the limitations of the mind of

William Pitt.

 

FOOTNOTES

 

[786] "Life of Wilberforce," v, 260; "Private Papers of Wilberforce,"

68.

 

[787] Marquis Wellesley, "Quarterly Rev." (1836).

 

[788] Michelet, "La Femme," Introd., ch. ii, quoted by Stanhope, iv,

405.

 

[789] "Private Papers of Wilberforce," 67-72.

 

[790] Lord Acton, "Letters to Mary Gladstone," 45, 46, 56.

 

STATISTICS OF THE YEARS 1792-1801

 

_N.B._--The figures under the heading "money borrowed" are taken from

the official statistics presented by the Rt. Hon. George Rose, "Brief

Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce and Navigation of

Great Britain" (London, 1806), p. 16. The total statistics are given in

round numbers.

 

 

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  YEAR.| PERMANENT |           |           |           |           |   MONEY

       |   TAXES.  |  IMPORTS. |  EXPORTS. |    NAVY.  |    ARMY.  |  BORROWED.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1792 | 14,284,000| 19,659,000| 24,465,000|  1,985,000|  1,819,000|     ----

  1793 | 13,941,000| 19,256,000| 19,676,000|  3,971,000|  3,993,000|  4,500,000

  1794 | 13,858,000| 22,288,000| 25,111,000|  5,525,000|  6,641,000| 12,907,000

  1795 | 13,557,000| 22,736,000| 25,036,000|  6,315,000| 11,610,000| 19,490,000

  1796 | 14,292,000| 23,187,000| 28,025,000| 11,883,000| 14,911,000| 29,726,000

  1797 | 13,332,000| 21,013,000| 26,315,000| 13,033,000| 15,488,000| 44,029,000

  1798 | 14,275,000| 27,857,000| 30,289,000| 13,449,000| 12,852,000| 15,000,000

  1799 | 15,727,000| 26,837,000| 33,640,000| 13,642,000| 11,840,000| 15,500,000

  1800 | 14,238,000| 30,570,000| 38,119,000| 13,619,000| 11,941,000| 18,500,000

  1801 | 14,641,000| 32,795,000| 37,786,000| 15,857,000| 12,117,000| 25,500,000

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  

INDEX

 

Abbot, Charles (afterwards Lord Colchester), 298, 306 _n._, 330 _n._, 346;

  Speaker, 520.

 

Abercorn, Lord, 402.

 

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 216;

  Commander-in-Chief in the West Indies, 226, 239, 240, 241, 246;

  in Ireland, 352-354;

  resigns, 354, 363;

  campaign in Holland, 381, 382;

  in Egypt, 387;

  his death, 240.

 

Aboukir Bay, 367-369.

 

"Accurate Observer," the, 466.

 

Acton, General, 150 _n._

 

Acton, Lord, on Pitt and the execution of Louis XVI, refuted, 94 _n._, 569.

 

Adair, Robert, 337 _n._

 

Adams, W. D., Pitt's secretary, 531.

 

Addington, Henry (afterwards Viscount Sidmouth), Speaker, 180, 255, 302,

    368, 436 _n._;

  suggests the Patriotic Contribution, 331;

  at the duel between Pitt and Tierney, 334, 335;

  Pitt at his house, 435;

  tries to dissuade Pitt from Catholic Emancipation, 437;

  urged by the King to form a Ministry, 437;

  Prime Minister, 439, 445-448, 450, 451, 468, 469, 487, 488;

  Pitt supports him, 471, 472, 478, 479, 488, 496, 503, 504;

  visits Pitt at Walmer, 473, 477;

  his finance, 480-482;

  failure of his negotiations with Pitt, 483-487;

  plans for his overthrow, 495-499;

  resigns, 499;

  opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, 502;

  union with Pitt, 517;

  created Viscount Sidmouth, 517;

  Lord President, 517, 520-522;

  resigns, 530.

 

Addington, Hiley, 530.

 

Agriculture, Board of, instituted, 165, 293.

 

Agriculture, flourishing state of, 291;

  influence of enclosures on, 291, 292.

 

Alava, General, 524.

 

Alcudia, Duke of. _See_ Godoy.

 

Alexander I, Czar, 487, 508, 515;

  his instructions to Novossiltzoff, 522, 525;

  his terms of alliance, 525-527;

  his designs on Malta, 527;

  at Berlin, 537;

  treaty of Potsdam, 539;

  battle of Austerlitz, 544, 560.

 

Aliens' Bill (1792), 94;

  its withdrawal demanded by France, 101, 103;

  renewal of (1798), 333.

 

Alkmaar, Convention of, 382.

 

All the Talents, Administration of, 496.

 

Alsace, 46, 53, 122, 129, 142, 197, 199, 200.

 

Alvanley, Lord.  _See_ Arden, Richard Pepper.

 

Amherst, Lord, Commander-in-Chief, 270.

 

Amiens, Treaty of, 248, 470, 472, 477, 564, 565.

 

Anckarström, Johann Jakob, assassinates Gustavus III, 46.

 

Anspach, Principality of, overrun by Napoleon, 534, 537, 560.

 

"Anti-Jacobin," the, 327, 336, 337, 464.

 

"Anti-Levelling Society," the, 68.

 

Antwerp, trade of, strangled by the Dutch, 72;

  reduction of the citadel, 76;

  proposed fortification of, 83;

  conference at (1793), 132.

 

Aranda, Count of, Spanish Minister, 46.

 

Arcola, battle of, 321.

 

Arden, Sir Richard Pepper (Lord Alvanley), Master of the Rolls, 34, 476;

  on Irish affairs, 341.

 

"Argus," the, 66;

  in the pay of the French Embassy, 66 _n._

 

Armed Neutrality League, 290;

  collapse of, 468, 478.

 

Army, the, debate on the Estimates, 29, 30;

  state of 1793, 124, 266, 267;

  Pitt's measures for increasing, 278-280, 305;

  disaffection in, 318, 319.

 

Army of Reserve Act, 499, 509, 510.

 

Artois, Comte d' (afterwards Charles X), 2, 3, 5, 6;

  and the Quiberon Expedition, 259, 261-263, 287;

  retires to Holyrood, 263;

  dines with Pitt and Grenville, 377.

 

Assaye, battle of, 463, 505.

 

_Assignats_, royalist, manufacture of, 261.

 

"Associated Friends of the Constitution,"  the, at Glasgow, 173, 174.

 

Auckland, Lord (William Eden), Ambassador at The Hague, 38, 51, 68, 69,

    71 _n._, 72-74, 76, 82, 97, 99, 107, 109, 111, 126, 189;

  Pitt's intimacy with his daughter, 299-303;

  Postmaster-General, 303, 330, 331, 342, 355, 356, 394-396, 415, 421, 434;

  his reported intrigues, 443, 445;

  rupture with Pitt, 452;

  his "inquisitiveness," 479, 480 _n._;

  559, 560.

 

Augereau, P. F. C., Duc de Castiglione, 324.

 

Austerlitz, battle of, 536, 544, 560;

  reception of the news of in England, 548, 549.

 

Austria, alliance with Prussia (1791), 5, 43;

  war with France, 23, 46;

  her share in the partition of Poland, 53, 122;

  evacuates Brussels, 74;

  end of estrangement with England, 84;

  her aims in the war, 122, 123, 129;

  alliance with England (1793), 123, 143, 147;

  fails to send reinforcements to Toulon, 152, 153, 157, 158, 161, 268;

  disputes with Prussia, 200-202;

  evacuation of the Netherlands, 209, 211, 212;

  treaty with Russia and England (1795), 235;

  receives financial aid from England, 304;

  her struggle with Napoleon, 304, 321, 322;

  treaty of Campo Formio (1797), 327, 365;

  appeals to England, 366;

  schemes for expansion in Italy, 371, 378;

  declares War against France (1799), 374;

  negotiations with England (1799), 383;

  her defeats at Marengo, 386, 387,

    Ulm, 534, 542,

    and Austerlitz, 544, 552, 560.

  _See_ Francis II.

 

Avignon, annexed by France, 220, 276.

 

Aylesbury, county meeting at, 188.

 

 

Baillie, Dr., 554.

 

Baird, Sir David, his expedition to the Cape, 532, 539.

 

Bank of England, crisis in 1797, 304, 308, 309.

 

Bankes, Sir Henry, 290, 428, 454, 520.

 

Bantry Bay, expedition to, 277, 308, 346.

 

Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand, 83, 167.

 

Barham, Lord (Sir Charles Middleton), Pitt visits him at Teston, 479;

  appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, 521, 522, 532, 550, 551;

  created Lord Barham, 522.

 

Baring, Sir Francis, on the Cape, 251.

 

Barlow, Joel, 66, 70, 115, 172.

 

Barnard, Lady Anne, her "South Africa a Century Ago," 254.

 

Barras, Paul François Nicolas, Comte de, 263, 325, 328;

  promises help to Ireland, 348, 363.

 

Barrington, Sir Jonah, 411, 412.

 

Barthélemy, François, Marquis de, French envoy in Switzerland, 105, 217,

    233, 236, 346.

 

Basle, Treaties of (1795), 217, 233, 236, 237.

 

Bassano, Duc de. _See_ Maret.

 

Bath, French refugees in, 165;

  Pitt's stay at, 479, 547-553.

 

Bathurst, Bragge, 517, 518.

 

Bathurst, Lord, 476, 549, 550.

 

Bavaria, Electorate of, proposal for exchange, 122, 123, 129, 210.

 

Beaufoy, Henry, M.P., 10, 11.

 

Bedford, Duke of, 312.

 

Belfast, French sympathies in, 71, 78;

  sedition in, 181.

 

Belgic Provinces, French designs on, 47, 48;

  French conquest of, 69, 79;

  demand independence, 83;

  annexed by France, 111, 121;

  Austrian proposal for exchange, 122, 129, 210;

  reconquered, 126;

  Austrian evacuation of, 208-212;

  plans for, 371.

 

Belmore, Lord, 402.

 

Benoît, Pierre Victor, 60.

 

Beresford, John, Irish Chief Commissioner of the Revenue, 340, 346, 355,

    356, 418, 419, 420, 424;

  Lord Fitzwilliam and, 341, 342;

  on the Irish Rebellion, 394, 395;

  on the Union, 401-404, 410.

 

Berg, Duchy of, 46.

 

Bergen-op-Zoom, 126, 213;

  failure of attack on, 382.

 

Bethencourt, battle of, 208.

 

Binns, John, 283, 286, 349, 350.

 

Birmingham, riots in (1791), 10, 17-19;

  malcontents in, 186;

  the "Loyal True Blues," 188, 189;

  riots in (1795), 287, 288.

 

Biron, Duc de, his mission to London, 42, 43;

  arrested for debt, 43.

 

Bischoffswerder, Baron von, Prussian Minister, 2, 5, 203.

 

Blankett, Commodore, expedition to the Cape, 251.

 

Boissy d'Anglas, François Antoine de, 233.

 

Bolton, Lord. _See_ Orde, Thomas.

 

Bonaparte, Joseph, 506, 526.

 

Bonaparte, Napoleon. _See_ Napoleon.

 

Bond, 530.

 

Bone, John, 318.

 

Bonham, arrested, 350.

 

Bonney, arrested, 190;

  discharged, 193.

 

Booth, his evidence against Thomas Walker, 185.

 

Boyd, Sir R., 158.

 

Boyd, Walter, 325, 326.

 

Brabant. _See_ Belgic Provinces.

 

Breda, captured by Dumouriez, 126.

 

Brest, naval preparations at, 349, 418, 420, 421;

  proposed attack on, 383, 386.

 

Bridport, Lord (Alexander Hood), 261;

  and the mutiny at the Nore, 311-313;

  blockades Brest, 420, 421.

 

Brissot, Jacques Pierre, 107, 223 _n._, 248.

 

British Columbia, 565.

 

British Convention, meets at Edinburgh, 181, 182, 184.

 

Brook, John, attorney and Mayor of Birmingham, 18, 186.

 

Brooks's Club, 20.

 

Brown, Matthew C., of Sheffield, 181, 182.

 

Brown, Colonel, 512.

 

Bruix, Admiral, 381 _n._, 420, 430.

 

Brunswick, Charles, Duke of, 46;

  his manifesto, 52, 57;

  his retreat through the Argonne, 62;

  campaign on the Rhine, 142, 200, 201;

  superseded, 201;

  opposed to continuation of the war, 207;

  refuses to take command in Holland, 214-216, 274.

 

Brunswick, Duchess of, 214, 215, 216.

 

Brunswick-Oels, Frederick, Duke of, 121.

 

Brussels, evacuated by the Austrians, 74.

 

Buccleugh, Duke of, 476.

 

Buckingham, Marquis of (George Grenville, Earl Temple), 19, 62, 158,

    240, 336;

  on the state of Ireland, 395, 396, 412;

  on Lord Loughborough, 432.

 

Buckinghamshire, Earl of (Lord Hobart), 462, 487, 494, 495;

  Chancellor of the Duchy, 517, 521;

  resigns, 530.

 

Buckner, Vice-Admiral, 314.

 

Burdett, Sir Francis, 332.

 

Burges, Bland, 51, 64, 86, 259.

 

Burgh, Dr., 472.

 

Burgoing, special envoy to Madrid, 233, 235.

 

Burgoyne, General, 30.

 

Burke, Edmund, interview with Pitt and Grenville, 7, 8;

  fears the spread of French principles, 9, 10, 61;

  on Reform, 12, 24;

  Paine's reply to his "Reflections," 15, 16;

  other replies, 16;

  his "Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs," 16;

  his "Reflections," 19, 20, 70 _n._;

  letter to Grenville after the September massacres, 60, 61;

  on the Treasury Bench, 89;

  declares the death of Louis inevitable, 91, 92;

  his speech on the Aliens Bill, 64, 94;

  his view of the war, 119, 120, 136, 137, 259, 275, 321;

  on the Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164;

  proposes Coalition Ministry (1794), 191;

  his Economy Bill, 467;

  as an orator, compared with Pitt, 567;

  his death, 326.

 

Burke, Richard, at Coblentz, 7.

 

Burney, Fanny, 64.

 

Burton Pynsent, expenses of, 476.

 

Butler, Simon, 180, 181.

 

Bute, Earl of, sent to Madrid, 233, 235-237, 242-244.

 

Buzot, F. L. Nicolas, 62.

 

 

Cadusey, de, 220.

 

Calder, Admiral, 532, 536.

 

Caldiero, battle of, 321.

 

Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, his mission to England, 3, 5.

 

Calvi, capture